Merge pull request #927 from 0xAX/init-2/improvements

0xAX · web-flow · commit 5537f4901d42 · 2026-06-21T19:12:59.000+05:00
init-2: adjust part to the modern kernel versions
diff --git a/Initialization/images/direct-mapping.svg b/Initialization/images/direct-mapping.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="820px" height="360px" viewBox="0 0 820 360"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box   { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .hi    { fill: #eee8d5; stroke: none; }
+    .div   { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .dash  { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 5 3; }
+    .ttl   { fill: #000000; font-size: 13px; text-anchor: middle; font-weight: bold; }
+    .lbl   { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .lblL  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: end; }
+    .lblR  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .val   { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; font-family: monospace; }
+    .valL  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: end;    font-family: monospace; }
+    .valR  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: start;  font-family: monospace; }
+    .dim   { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+  </style>
+
+  <defs>
+    <marker id="arrow" markerWidth="9" markerHeight="9" refX="7" refY="3" orient="auto">
+      <path d="M0,0 L7,3 L0,6 z" fill="#000000"/>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+
+  <!-- ===== column titles ===== -->
+  <text class="ttl" x="240" y="40">Virtual address space</text>
+  <text class="ttl" x="575" y="40">Physical memory</text>
+
+  <!-- ===== virtual bar (direct mapping window) ===== -->
+  <rect class="box" x="160" y="60" width="160" height="240"/>
+  <!-- offset highlight: from __PAGE_OFFSET up to the faulting address -->
+  <rect class="hi"  x="161" y="200" width="158" height="99"/>
+  <!-- faulting address marker -->
+  <line class="dash" x1="160" y1="200" x2="320" y2="200"/>
+
+  <text class="lbl" x="240" y="120">direct mapping of</text>
+  <text class="lbl" x="240" y="136">all physical memory</text>
+  <text class="dim" x="240" y="254">offset</text>
+
+  <!-- faulting address label (left) -->
+  <text class="lblL" x="150" y="190">faulting address</text>
+  <text class="valL" x="150" y="206">0xffff888001000000</text>
+
+  <!-- __PAGE_OFFSET label (base of the window) -->
+  <text class="lbl"  x="240" y="318">__PAGE_OFFSET</text>
+  <text class="val"  x="240" y="334">0xffff888000000000</text>
+
+  <!-- ===== physical bar ===== -->
+  <rect class="box" x="495" y="60" width="160" height="240"/>
+  <rect class="hi"  x="496" y="200" width="158" height="99"/>
+  <line class="dash" x1="495" y1="200" x2="655" y2="200"/>
+
+  <text class="dim" x="575" y="254">same offset</text>
+
+  <!-- physaddr label (right) -->
+  <text class="lblR" x="665" y="190">physical address</text>
+  <text class="valR" x="665" y="206">0x0000000001000000</text>
+
+  <!-- physical 0 at the base -->
+  <text class="lbl"  x="575" y="318">physical address 0</text>
+  <text class="val"  x="575" y="334">0x0000000000000000</text>
+
+  <!-- ===== mapping arrows ===== -->
+  <!-- base of window maps to physical 0 -->
+  <line class="div" x1="322" y1="299" x2="493" y2="299" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
+  <text class="lbl" x="407" y="293">maps to</text>
+  <!-- faulting address maps to its physical address -->
+  <line class="div" x1="322" y1="200" x2="493" y2="200" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
+  <text class="lbl" x="407" y="194">maps to</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/images/early-top-pgt-entries.svg b/Initialization/images/early-top-pgt-entries.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="540px" height="250px" viewBox="0 0 540 250"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box  { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .div  { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .cell { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .lbl  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .ttl  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+  </style>
+  <defs>
+    <marker id="arrow" markerWidth="9" markerHeight="9" refX="7" refY="3" orient="auto">
+      <path d="M0,0 L7,3 L0,6 z" fill="#000000"/>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+
+  <!-- title -->
+  <text class="ttl" x="120" y="48">early_top_pgt</text>
+
+  <!-- the PGD: 512 entries -->
+  <rect class="box" x="40" y="60" width="160" height="160"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="40" y1="100" x2="200" y2="100"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="40" y1="140" x2="200" y2="140"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="40" y1="180" x2="200" y2="180"/>
+
+  <text class="cell" x="120" y="84">Entry 0</text>
+  <text class="cell" x="120" y="124">...</text>
+  <text class="cell" x="120" y="164">Entry 510</text>
+  <text class="cell" x="120" y="204">Entry 511</text>
+
+  <!-- annotation for the cleared entries -->
+  <text class="lbl" x="220" y="120">empty or identity mapping</text>
+
+  <!-- last entry points to the kernel image page table -->
+  <line class="div" x1="200" y1="200" x2="318" y2="200" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
+  <rect class="box" x="320" y="180" width="180" height="40"/>
+  <text class="cell" x="410" y="196">next page table</text>
+  <text class="cell" x="410" y="212">(maps the kernel image)</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/images/idt-descriptor.svg b/Initialization/images/idt-descriptor.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="760px" height="110px" viewBox="0 0 760 110"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box  { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .div  { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .name { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .bitL { fill: #000000; font-size: 11px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .bitR { fill: #000000; font-size: 11px; text-anchor: end; }
+  </style>
+
+  <!-- bits 79..0 : IDTR pseudo-descriptor -->
+  <text class="bitL" x="22"  y="40">79</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="592" y="40">16</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="600" y="40">15</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="738" y="40">0</text>
+
+  <rect class="box" x="20" y="45" width="720" height="50"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="596" y1="45" x2="596" y2="95"/>
+
+  <text class="name" x="308" y="75">Base Address (64 bits)</text>
+  <text class="name" x="668" y="75">Limit</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/images/idt-gate-descriptor.svg b/Initialization/images/idt-gate-descriptor.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="760px" height="275px" viewBox="0 0 760 275"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box  { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .div  { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .name { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .bit  { fill: #000000; font-size: 11px; }
+    .bitL { fill: #000000; font-size: 11px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .bitR { fill: #000000; font-size: 11px; text-anchor: end; }
+  </style>
+
+  <!-- Row 1 : bits 127..96 (Reserved) -->
+  <text class="bitL" x="22"  y="13">127</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="738" y="13">96</text>
+  <rect class="box" x="20" y="18" width="720" height="44"/>
+  <text class="name" x="380" y="44">Reserved</text>
+
+  <!-- Row 2 : bits 95..64 (Offset 63..32) -->
+  <text class="bitL" x="22"  y="77">95</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="738" y="77">64</text>
+  <rect class="box" x="20" y="82" width="720" height="44"/>
+  <text class="name" x="380" y="108">Offset 63..32</text>
+
+  <!-- Row 3 : bits 63..32 -->
+  <text class="bitL" x="22"  y="141">63</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="316" y="141">48</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="323" y="141">47</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="369" y="141">46</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="425" y="141">44</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="459" y="141">43</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="529" y="141">39</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="599" y="141">36</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="633" y="141">35</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="667" y="141">34</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="738" y="141">32</text>
+  <rect class="box" x="20" y="146" width="720" height="50"/>
+  <!-- inner dividers -->
+  <line class="div" x1="320" y1="146" x2="320" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="366" y1="146" x2="366" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="422" y1="146" x2="422" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="456" y1="146" x2="456" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="526" y1="146" x2="526" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="596" y1="146" x2="596" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="630" y1="146" x2="630" y2="196"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="664" y1="146" x2="664" y2="196"/>
+  <!-- field labels -->
+  <text class="name" x="170" y="175">Offset 31..16</text>
+  <text class="name" x="343" y="175">P</text>
+  <text class="name" x="394" y="175">DPL</text>
+  <text class="name" x="439" y="175">0</text>
+  <text class="name" x="491" y="175">Type</text>
+  <text class="name" x="561" y="175">0 0 0</text>
+  <text class="name" x="613" y="175">0</text>
+  <text class="name" x="647" y="175">0</text>
+  <text class="name" x="702" y="175">IST</text>
+
+  <!-- Row 4 : bits 31..0 -->
+  <text class="bitL" x="22"  y="211">31</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="376" y="211">16</text>
+  <text class="bitL" x="384" y="211">15</text>
+  <text class="bitR" x="738" y="211">0</text>
+  <rect class="box" x="20" y="216" width="720" height="44"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="380" y1="216" x2="380" y2="260"/>
+  <text class="name" x="200" y="242">Segment Selector</text>
+  <text class="name" x="560" y="242">Offset 15..0</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/images/interrupt-stack-frame-full.svg b/Initialization/images/interrupt-stack-frame-full.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="540px" height="720px" viewBox="0 0 540 720"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box     { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .div     { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .divthick{ stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 2; }
+    .reg     { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .desc    { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .addr    { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .off     { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .ptr     { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; font-weight: bold; }
+  </style>
+
+  <defs>
+    <marker id="arrow" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="8" refX="7" refY="3"
+            orient="auto" markerUnits="strokeWidth">
+      <path d="M0,0 L7,3 L0,6 z" fill="#000000"/>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+
+  <!-- address direction -->
+  <text class="addr" x="200" y="40">higher addresses</text>
+  <text class="addr" x="200" y="698">lower addresses</text>
+
+  <!-- offset column header -->
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="40">offset</text>
+
+  <!-- frame box: 21 slots of struct pt_regs -->
+  <rect class="box" x="120" y="50" width="160" height="630"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="80"  x2="280" y2="80"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="110" x2="280" y2="110"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="140" x2="280" y2="140"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="170" x2="280" y2="170"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="200" x2="280" y2="200"/>
+  <line class="divthick" x1="120" y1="230" x2="280" y2="230"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="260" x2="280" y2="260"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="290" x2="280" y2="290"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="320" x2="280" y2="320"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="350" x2="280" y2="350"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="380" x2="280" y2="380"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="410" x2="280" y2="410"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="440" x2="280" y2="440"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="470" x2="280" y2="470"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="500" x2="280" y2="500"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="530" x2="280" y2="530"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="560" x2="280" y2="560"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="590" x2="280" y2="590"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="620" x2="280" y2="620"/>
+  <line class="div"      x1="120" y1="650" x2="280" y2="650"/>
+
+  <!-- register names -->
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="69">%ss</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="99">%rsp</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="129">%rflags</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="159">%cs</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="189">%rip</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="219">error code</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="249">%rdi</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="279">%rsi</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="309">%rdx</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="339">%rcx</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="369">%rax</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="399">%r8</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="429">%r9</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="459">%r10</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="489">%r11</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="519">%rbx</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="549">%rbp</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="579">%r12</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="609">%r13</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="639">%r14</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="669">%r15</text>
+
+  <!-- offsets from %rsp (%r15 at +0) -->
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="69">+160</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="99">+152</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="129">+144</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="159">+136</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="189">+128</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="219">+120</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="249">+112</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="279">+104</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="309">+96</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="339">+88</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="369">+80</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="399">+72</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="429">+64</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="459">+56</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="489">+48</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="519">+40</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="549">+32</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="579">+24</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="609">+16</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="639">+8</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="669">+0</text>
+
+  <!-- descriptions for the CPU-pushed exception frame -->
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="69">old stack segment</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="99">old stack pointer</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="129">flags register</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="159">old code segment</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="189">return instruction pointer</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="219">error code (0 if none)</text>
+
+  <!-- bracket grouping the general purpose registers -->
+  <line class="div" x1="293" y1="234" x2="300" y2="234"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="300" y1="234" x2="300" y2="676"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="293" y1="676" x2="300" y2="676"/>
+  <text class="desc" x="308" y="449">general-purpose registers</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="308" y="465">pushed by the handler</text>
+
+  <!-- stack pointer after all registers are saved -->
+  <text class="ptr" x="97" y="657">%rsp</text>
+  <line class="div" x1="78" y1="665" x2="116" y2="665" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/images/interrupt-stack-frame.svg b/Initialization/images/interrupt-stack-frame.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+     version="1.1" width="520px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 520 300"
+     style="background: transparent; background-color: transparent; color-scheme: light dark;"
+     font-family="Helvetica">
+  <style>
+    .box  { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .opt  { fill: #fdf6e3; stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 4 3; }
+    .div  { stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 1; }
+    .reg  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .desc { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: start; }
+    .addr { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .off  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; }
+    .ptr  { fill: #000000; font-size: 12px; text-anchor: middle; font-weight: bold; }
+  </style>
+
+  <defs>
+    <marker id="arrow" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="8" refX="7" refY="3"
+            orient="auto" markerUnits="strokeWidth">
+      <path d="M0,0 L7,3 L0,6 z" fill="#000000"/>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+
+  <!-- address direction -->
+  <text class="addr" x="200" y="36">higher addresses</text>
+  <text class="addr" x="200" y="282">lower addresses</text>
+
+  <!-- offset column header -->
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="36">offset</text>
+
+  <!-- mandatory part of the frame: %ss .. %rip -->
+  <rect class="box" x="120" y="46" width="160" height="180"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="120" y1="82"  x2="280" y2="82"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="120" y1="118" x2="280" y2="118"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="120" y1="154" x2="280" y2="154"/>
+  <line class="div" x1="120" y1="190" x2="280" y2="190"/>
+
+  <!-- optional error code (only for some exceptions) -->
+  <rect class="opt" x="120" y="226" width="160" height="36"/>
+
+  <!-- register names -->
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="68">%ss</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="104">%rsp</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="140">%rflags</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="176">%cs</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="212">%rip</text>
+  <text class="reg" x="200" y="248">error code</text>
+
+  <!-- offsets from %rsp (error code at +0) -->
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="68">+40</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="104">+32</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="140">+24</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="176">+16</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="212">+8</text>
+  <text class="off" x="60" y="248">+0</text>
+
+  <!-- stack pointer on entry to the handler -->
+  <text class="ptr" x="97" y="237">%rsp</text>
+  <line class="div" x1="78" y1="246" x2="116" y2="246" marker-end="url(#arrow)"/>
+
+  <!-- descriptions -->
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="68">old stack segment</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="104">old stack pointer</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="140">flags register</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="176">old code segment</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="212">return instruction pointer</text>
+  <text class="desc" x="296" y="248">optional, only for some exceptions</text>
+
+</svg>
diff --git a/Initialization/linux-initialization-2.md b/Initialization/linux-initialization-2.md
