[#1474] Record build toolchain and ABI metadata

Add a generated build-info path that records the compiler, target, runtime,
Python ABI, SWIG runtime, Eigen settings, and selected C/C++ layout canaries
for an installed Basilisk package.  The metadata is exposed through
Basilisk.getBuildInfo() and Basilisk.printBuildInfo() so users and future
BSK-SDK compatibility checks can inspect the binary that was actually built.

Add architecture/utilities/bskAbiDescriptor.h as the public ABI descriptor
contract shared by Basilisk and SDK-side probes.  The header owns the descriptor
version, plugin ABI version, canary types, and C/C++ extraction helpers so the
two sides do not need to maintain parallel ABI-detection logic.

Generate the runtime ABI payload with a small compiled C/C++ probe.  The probe
uses the same public descriptor header and shared bskPluginAbiSettings interface
as native Basilisk targets, so it observes the same C++ standard, Python limited
API definition, Eigen include/link settings, and compiler behavior.

Wire metadata generation into the CMake build and refresh it for loadable module
targets.  Keep the generation dependency off internal static/shared libraries to
avoid multi-config generated-source dependency issues, while still applying the
shared ABI settings interface to native targets.

Pass relevant Conan and Python build settings into CMake, including the selected
Basilisk version, Conan version, C++ standard/library/runtime settings, build
type, and invoking Python executable.

Add tests covering the public descriptor contract, compiled ABI payload shape,
C layout canaries, platform-specific C++ ABI fields, defensive copy behavior,
and human-readable build-info formatting.

Author: schaubh

conanfile.py

@@ -380,6 +380,16 @@ def generate(self):
         tc.cache_variables["BUILD_OPNAV"] = bool(self.options.get_safe("opNav"))
         tc.cache_variables["BUILD_VIZINTERFACE"] = bool(self.options.get_safe("vizInterface"))
         tc.cache_variables["BUILD_MUJOCO"] = bool(self.options.get_safe("mujoco"))
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_BUILD_TYPE"] = str(self.settings.build_type)
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_VERSION"] = str(self.version).strip()
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_VERSION"] = importlib.metadata.version("conan")
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_CXX_STANDARD"] = str(self.settings.get_safe("compiler.cppstd") or "")
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_CXX_STANDARD_LIBRARY"] = str(self.settings.get_safe("compiler.libcxx") or "")
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_COMPILER_RUNTIME"] = str(self.settings.get_safe("compiler.runtime") or "")
+        tc.cache_variables["BSK_CONAN_COMPILER_RUNTIME_TYPE"] = str(
+            self.settings.get_safe("compiler.runtime_type") or ""
+        )
+        tc.cache_variables["Python3_EXECUTABLE"] = Path(sys.executable).as_posix()
         if self.options.get_safe("pathToExternalModules"):
             tc.cache_variables["EXTERNAL_MODULES_PATH"] = Path(str(self.options.pathToExternalModules)).resolve().as_posix()
         tc.cache_variables["PYTHON_VERSION"] = f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}.{sys.version_info.micro}"

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
 list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conan")
 
 include(bskTargetExcludeBuildOptions)
+include(bskBuildInfo)
 
 # Find necessary packages
 find_package(Python3 ${PYTHON_VERSION} EXACT REQUIRED COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Module OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS Development.SABIModule)
@@ -695,10 +696,13 @@ file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk/moduleTemplates")
 file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk/topLevelModules")
 file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk/ExternalModules")
 
+bsk_generate_build_info("${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk")
+
 if(WIN32)
   file(WRITE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk/__init__.py"
        "#init file written by the build\n" "import sys, os\n" "from Basilisk import __path__\n"
        "bskPath = __path__[0]\n" "os.add_dll_directory(bskPath)\n"
+       "from Basilisk._buildInfo import getBuildInfo, printBuildInfo\n"
        "from Basilisk.architecture import messaging\n"
        "try:\n"
        "    from importlib.metadata import version as _pkg_version\n"
@@ -707,6 +711,7 @@ if(WIN32)
        "    __version__ = '0.0.0'\n")
 else()
   file(WRITE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/Basilisk/__init__.py"
+      "from Basilisk._buildInfo import getBuildInfo, printBuildInfo\n"
       "from Basilisk.architecture import messaging # ensure recorders() work without first importing messaging\n"
       "try:\n"
       "    from importlib.metadata import version as _pkg_version\n"