add python lesson and its challenges

Author: AbbanMuhammad

Python/lesson1/lesson1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#Variables declaration
+name = "Marcus"
+age = 20
+height = 5.9
+is_student = True
+
+#String— Text data:
+first_name = "Marcus"
+last_name = 'Aurelius' # single or double quotes both work
+full_name = first_name + " " + last_name  # joining strings is called concatenation
+print(full_name) # Output: Marcus Aurelius
+
+#Integer — whole numbers:
+
+age = 25
+year = 2025
+score = -10
+print(age + 5)    # Output: 30
+print(year - 36)
+print("My score is: ", score)
+
+#float — decimal numbers 
+gpa = 3.75
+price = 9.99
+pi = 3.14159
+
+#Boolean — True or False only 
+is_logged_in = True
+has_permission = False
+# Industry note: Booleans power almost every decision in programming
+
+#Nonetype The absence of value 
+result = None
+# Used when a variable exists but has no value yet
+print(result)
+
+#Checking and converting data type:
+name = "Marcus"
+age = 20
+gpa = 3.5
+
+# Check what type a variable is
+print(type(name))   # <class 'str'>
+print(type(age))    # <class 'int'>
+print(type(gpa))    # <class 'float'>
+
+# Convert between types (called Type Casting)
+age_as_string = str(age) # "20"
+gpa_as_int = int(gpa)  # 3  (drops the decimal, doesn't round)
+number = float("3.14") # 3.14
+
+#Taking input from the user:
+
+name = input("What is your name? ")
+print("Hello, " + name + "!")
+
+#⚠️ Important: input() always returns a string, even if the user types a number. So do this when you need a number:
+
+age = int(input("How old are you? "))
+print("In 10 years you'll be", age + 10)
+
+#f-Strings — The Industry Standard Way to Format Output
+name = "Marcus"
+age = 20
+print(f"Hello {name}, you are {age} years old.")
+# Output: Hello Marcus, you are 20 years old.
+
+#Lesson1 Summary:
+# Lesson 1 - Variables & Data Types
+# Store user info
+name = input("Enter your name: ")
+age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+city = input("What city are you from? ")
+
+# Calculate
+birth_year = 2025 - age
+
+# Display using f-strings
+print(f"Name     : {name}")
+print(f"Age      : {age}")
+print(f"City     : {city}")
+print(f"Born in  : {birth_year}")
+print(f"Adult?   : {age >= 18}")

Python/lesson1/lesson_Challenge.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Store user information
+product_name = input("What's the product name? ")
+price = float(input("What's the price? "))
+quantity = int(input("What's the quantity bought? "))
+
+# Calculations
+total_cost = round(price * quantity, 2)
+tax = round(total_cost * 0.075, 2)         # 7.5% tax
+final_price = round(total_cost + tax, 2)    # original total + tax
+
+# Displaying the receipt
+print("********* Receipt *********")
+print(f"Product Name : {product_name}")
+print(f"Price        : ₦{price}")
+print(f"Quantity     : {quantity}")
+print(f"Total Cost   : ₦{total_cost}")
+print(f"Tax (7.5%)   : ₦{tax}")
+print(f"Final Price  : ₦{final_price}")
+print("***************************")