feat(lance-graph-ontology): PR-bO-5 SKOS + DUL extension modules

Two additions on the Pattern-D substrate:

bO-5 SKOS (OGIT::SKOS_V1, slot 14):
- data/ontologies/skos/skos-core.rdf — canonical SKOS Core (32 classes
  + properties: Concept, ConceptScheme, Collection, OrderedCollection,
  broader/narrower/related/{broader,narrower}Transitive, in/topConcept,
  prefLabel/altLabel/hiddenLabel, notation, the *Match mapping family)
- data/ontologies/skos/skos-xl.rdf — SKOS-XL eXtension for Labels
  (lifts labels to first-class IRIs via Label/literalForm/labelRelation)
- data/ontologies/skos/skos-owl1dl.rdf — OWL-1-DL-conformant variant
  shipped for tools that require strict DL conformance (not used by
  the default hydration)
- 27-edge whitelist (subClassOf + subPropertyOf + 23 SKOS semantic-relation
  / mapping / label predicates) — load-bearing for SKR03/SKR04 alignment
- LICENSES/SKOS.txt (W3C document license)
- 4 smoke tests verify Core classes, XL Label surface, and the *Match
  predicates resolve

DUL extension modules merged into OGIT::DOLCE_V1:
- data/ontologies/dul-extensions/conceptualization.owl — agent
  conceptualization patterns (knows / believes / assumes / adopts +
  InternalRepresentation class). Refines the dul:conceptualizes surface
  used by cognitive-shader agency cascades.
- data/ontologies/dul-extensions/lmm-l2.owl — Lexical MetaModel L2.
  Adds NER surface (NamedEntity / Name / ConceptExpression /
  ContextualExpression / IndividualReference / MultipleReference /
  Gloss / hasSyntacticFunction / hasInstance / isInstanceOf).
- New `hydrate_dolce_from_many` API that merges DUL.ttl + extensions
  into a single ContextBundle keyed by OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0 via
  OwlHydrator::hydrate_many. Extensions are loaded best-effort
  (skipped if missing) so the path works under either deployment.
- 3 smoke tests verify the Conceptualization and LMM_L2 IRIs resolve
  under G=DOLCE_V1, plus the merged entity count grows past >=240.

Format detection improvement:
- OwlHydrator::detect_format now accepts bytes and content-sniffs the
  first 256 bytes for `<?xml` / `<rdf:RDF` when the extension is
  ambiguous (.owl files exist in both Turtle and RDF/XML form in the
  wild; the DUL extensions are RDF/XML-with-.owl). Existing routes by
  extension (.rdf / .ttl / .nt) are unchanged.

All 92 lance-graph-ontology tests pass; cargo clippy clean.

Author: claude

LICENSES/DOLCE.txt

@@ -44,6 +44,30 @@ are: Endurant → Object, Perdurant → Event. The four upper categories
 in DUL are: Object, Event, Quality, Abstract (all direct sub-classes
 of Entity).
 
+DUL extension modules
+---------------------
+data/ontologies/dul-extensions/ holds sibling design-pattern modules
+shipped from the same upstream Ontology Design Patterns catalogue under
+the same CC-BY 4.0 license. Both are RDF/XML rather than Turtle, so
+the OwlHydrator's `detect_format` content-sniffer routes them through
+oxrdfxml automatically.
+
+- conceptualization.owl (~8 KB): patterns for agent-conceptualization
+  relations — `knows` / `believes` / `assumes` / `adopts` plus the
+  `InternalRepresentation` class. Refines the dul:conceptualizes
+  property surface used by cognitive-shader agency cascades.
+
+- lmm-l2.owl (~32 KB): Lexical MetaModel Level 2. Adds named-entity
+  recognition surface (`NamedEntity` / `Name` / `ConceptExpression` /
+  `ConceptReference` / `ContextualExpression` / `IndividualReference`
+  / `MultipleReference` / `Gloss`). Imports LMM_L1 and IOLite by URL;
+  those imports are not followed by the hydrator (the IRIs are still
+  interned as referenced names, but the imported triples are not).
+
+Both extensions hydrate into the same OGIT::DOLCE_V1 bundle as DUL.ttl
+via OwlHydrator::hydrate_many, so downstream consumers see one
+transitive L1 surface rather than three separate G slots.
+
 Attribution
 -----------
 DOLCE+DnS Ultralite is provided by the Laboratory for Applied Ontology

LICENSES/SKOS.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)
+===========================================
+
+Source
+------
+http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
+http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl
+W3C Recommendation: https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
+
+Authors
+-------
+Alistair Miles, Sean Bechhofer (eds.); W3C Semantic Web Deployment
+Working Group. Contributors: Dave Beckett, Nikki Rogers, and others.
+
+License
+-------
+This document is licensed under the W3C Document License.
+https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/doc-license
+
+The associated OWL ontology is published under the W3C Software and
+Document License (2015) and is in the public domain. See:
+https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document
+
+Usage in this repository
+------------------------
+data/ontologies/skos/skos-core.rdf is the canonical SKOS Core vocabulary
+(~32 named classes and properties).
+
+data/ontologies/skos/skos-xl.rdf is the SKOS eXtension for Labels (SKOS-XL),
+which lifts labels from literals to first-class IRIs (`skosxl:Label`
+with `skosxl:literalForm`, plus `skosxl:prefLabel` / `altLabel` /
+`hiddenLabel` / `labelRelation`).
+
+data/ontologies/skos/skos-owl1dl.rdf is an OWL-1-DL-conformant subset
+of SKOS Core (axioms that violate OWL-1-DL are removed for tools that
+require strict DL conformance). The default hydration uses Core + XL
+(not the OWL-1-DL variant) since the cognitive-shader cascade is
+schema-agnostic at the parser layer.
+
+Both Core and XL hydrate together as the L2 universal knowledge-
+organization slot OGIT::SKOS_V1, merged into a single ContextBundle
+via OwlHydrator::hydrate_many.
+
+Declares inherits_from: Some(OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0). Alignment:
+skos:Concept ⊑ dul:Concept, skos:Collection ⊑ dul:Collection.
+
+Citation
+--------
+Miles, A. and Bechhofer, S., eds. (2009). "SKOS Simple Knowledge
+Organization System Reference." W3C Recommendation 18 August 2009.

crates/lance-graph-contract/build.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ const CANONICAL_SLOTS: &[(&str, u32)] = &[
     ("PROVO", 11),
     ("QUDT", 12),
     ("SCHEMAORG", 13),
+    ("SKOS", 14),
     // L3 finance / business ontologies (PR-bO-6 / bO-7).
     // FIBO Foundations and FIBO Business Entities.
     ("FIBOFND", 20),

crates/lance-graph-ontology/src/hydrators/dolce.rs

@@ -27,12 +27,21 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use lance_graph_contract::manifest::OGIT;
 
-use super::owl::{HydrateErr, MetaStructureHydrator, OwlHydrator};
+use super::owl::{HydrateErr, OwlHydrator};
 use crate::registry::OntologyRegistry;
 
 /// Where the DUL TTL artifact lives, relative to the workspace root.
 const DUL_TTL_RELATIVE_PATH: &str = "data/ontologies/dul.ttl";
 
+/// DUL extension modules: small sibling ontologies that refine the DUL
+/// upper-category surface. Each shares the `dul:` namespace and is
+/// hydrated into the same `OGIT::DOLCE_V1` bundle so downstream consumers
+/// see one transitive L1 surface.
+const DUL_EXTENSION_RELATIVE_PATHS: &[&str] = &[
+    "data/ontologies/dul-extensions/conceptualization.owl",
+    "data/ontologies/dul-extensions/lmm-l2.owl",
+];
+
 /// Edge-IRI whitelist for the DOLCE+DUL cascade.
 ///
 /// These are the predicates the cognitive shader's cascade will follow at the
@@ -70,22 +79,42 @@ const DOLCE_EDGE_WHITELIST: &[&str] = &[
 ///
 /// Registers a [`super::owl::ContextBundle`] at `OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0` with
 /// `inherits_from: None` (the L1 root, the only hydrator that declares no
-/// parent). Reads `data/ontologies/dul.ttl` resolved against the workspace
-/// root (the `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR` of `lance-graph-ontology` is
-/// `crates/lance-graph-ontology`, so we walk up two levels).
+/// parent). Hydrates the canonical `data/ontologies/dul.ttl` plus the
+/// available DUL extension modules under `data/ontologies/dul-extensions/`
+/// (Conceptualization patterns, LMM_L2 lexical metamodel) into one bundle.
 ///
 /// After hydration the cascade whitelist is registered via
 /// [`OntologyRegistry::register_edge_types`].
 pub fn hydrate_dolce(registry: &OntologyRegistry) -> Result<u32, HydrateErr> {
-    let ttl_path = dul_ttl_path();
-    hydrate_dolce_from(&ttl_path, registry)
+    let dul = dul_ttl_path();
+    let extensions: Vec<PathBuf> =
+        DUL_EXTENSION_RELATIVE_PATHS.iter().map(extension_path).collect();
+    let mut paths: Vec<&Path> = Vec::with_capacity(1 + extensions.len());
+    paths.push(&dul);
+    for ext in &extensions {
+        if ext.exists() {
+            paths.push(ext.as_path());
+        }
+    }
+    hydrate_dolce_from_many(&paths, registry)
 }
 
-/// Test-friendly variant: hydrate DOLCE from an explicit path. Used by tests
-/// that ship their own fixture or want to exercise the failure path.
+/// Test-friendly variant: hydrate DOLCE from an explicit single path
+/// (typically a test fixture). Use [`hydrate_dolce_from_many`] when you want
+/// to mix the canonical DUL.ttl with extension modules.
 pub fn hydrate_dolce_from(
     ttl_path: &Path,
     registry: &OntologyRegistry,
+) -> Result<u32, HydrateErr> {
+    hydrate_dolce_from_many(&[ttl_path], registry)
+}
+
+/// Multi-file variant: hydrate DOLCE+DUL+extensions from explicit paths.
+/// Used by [`hydrate_dolce`] to merge the canonical DUL with sibling
+/// extension modules, and by tests that need to compose a custom bundle.
+pub fn hydrate_dolce_from_many(
+    paths: &[&Path],
+    registry: &OntologyRegistry,
 ) -> Result<u32, HydrateErr> {
     let hydrator = OwlHydrator {
         g: OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0,
@@ -94,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn hydrate_dolce_from(
         inherits_from: None,
         starting_entity_id: 100,
     };
-    hydrator.hydrate(ttl_path, registry)?;
+    hydrator.hydrate_many(paths, registry)?;
     registry
         .register_edge_types(OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0, DOLCE_EDGE_WHITELIST)
         .map_err(|reason| HydrateErr::Registry {
@@ -113,6 +142,13 @@ fn dul_ttl_path() -> PathBuf {
         .join(DUL_TTL_RELATIVE_PATH)
 }
 
+fn extension_path(rel: &&str) -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("..")
+        .join("..")
+        .join(rel)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

crates/lance-graph-ontology/src/hydrators/mod.rs

@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ pub mod owltime;
 pub mod provo;
 pub mod qudt;
 pub mod schemaorg;
+pub mod skos;
 
-pub use dolce::{hydrate_dolce, hydrate_dolce_from};
+pub use dolce::{hydrate_dolce, hydrate_dolce_from, hydrate_dolce_from_many};
 pub use fibo::{hydrate_fibo_be, hydrate_fibo_be_from, hydrate_fibo_fnd, hydrate_fibo_fnd_from};
 pub use owl::{ContextBundle, EntityId, HydrateErr, MetaStructureHydrator, OntologySlot, OwlHydrator};
 pub use owltime::{hydrate_owltime, hydrate_owltime_from};
 pub use provo::{hydrate_provo, hydrate_provo_from};
 pub use qudt::{hydrate_qudt, hydrate_qudt_from};
 pub use schemaorg::{hydrate_schemaorg, hydrate_schemaorg_from};
+pub use skos::{hydrate_skos, hydrate_skos_from};

crates/lance-graph-ontology/src/hydrators/owl.rs

@@ -142,18 +142,35 @@ enum Format {
     RdfXml,
 }
 
-/// Detect serialization by extension. `.rdf` → RDF/XML, everything else
-/// (`.ttl`, `.owl`, `.nt`, …) → Turtle. FIBO is the canonical RDF/XML user;
-/// DOLCE+DUL / OWL-Time / PROV-O / QUDT / schema.org are all Turtle.
-fn detect_format(path: &Path) -> Format {
+/// Detect serialization by extension first, then content sniff as a fallback.
+/// `.rdf` → RDF/XML. `.ttl` / `.nt` / `.n3` → Turtle. For ambiguous `.owl`
+/// files (which exist in both Turtle and RDF/XML form in the wild) and
+/// unknown extensions, sniff the first ~200 bytes for an XML preamble or
+/// `<rdf:RDF>` opening tag.
+fn detect_format(path: &Path, bytes: &[u8]) -> Format {
     let ext = path
         .extension()
         .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
         .unwrap_or("")
         .to_ascii_lowercase();
     match ext.as_str() {
-        "rdf" | "rdfxml" => Format::RdfXml,
-        _ => Format::Turtle,
+        "rdf" | "rdfxml" | "owx" => Format::RdfXml,
+        "ttl" | "nt" | "n3" | "trig" => Format::Turtle,
+        _ => {
+            // `.owl` and unknown extensions: sniff the head.
+            let head = &bytes[..bytes.len().min(256)];
+            // Strip leading whitespace / BOM.
+            let trimmed = head
+                .iter()
+                .position(|b| !b.is_ascii_whitespace() && *b != 0xEF && *b != 0xBB && *b != 0xBF)
+                .map(|i| &head[i..])
+                .unwrap_or(head);
+            if trimmed.starts_with(b"<?xml") || trimmed.starts_with(b"<rdf:RDF") {
+                Format::RdfXml
+            } else {
+                Format::Turtle
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -198,7 +215,7 @@ impl OwlHydrator {
             // to oxrdfxml; everything else (.ttl, .nt, .n3) is treated as
             // Turtle and routed to oxttl. This keeps the hydrator API
             // single-method and the bO-* series free of per-format glue.
-            match detect_format(ttl_path) {
+            match detect_format(ttl_path, &bytes) {
                 Format::RdfXml => {
                     let parser = RdfXmlParser::new().for_slice(&bytes);
                     for triple in parser {

crates/lance-graph-ontology/src/hydrators/skos.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System, `http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#`)
+//! hydration glue.
+//!
+//! L2 universal ontology for thesauri, classification schemes, subject-heading
+//! lists, taxonomies, and other controlled vocabularies. Defines `Concept`,
+//! `ConceptScheme`, `Collection`, `OrderedCollection`, plus the canonical
+//! semantic-relation surface (`broader`/`narrower`/`related` plus their
+//! transitive variants and the `*Match` mapping siblings).
+//!
+//! Multi-file hydration: SKOS Core + SKOS-XL (eXtension for Labels — adds
+//! `skosxl:Label` so labels can be first-class resources with their own
+//! IRIs rather than literals) hydrate into one bundle keyed by
+//! `OGIT::SKOS_V1.0`. SKOS-XL declares `owl:imports` against Core so the
+//! merged bundle gives consumers both surfaces in a single G slot.
+//!
+//! Declares `inherits_from: Some(OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0)`. Alignment with DUL:
+//! `skos:Concept ⊑ dul:Concept`, `skos:Collection ⊑ dul:Collection`.
+//! Downstream consumers assert these axioms when they need cross-G
+//! traversal between SKR-style classification trees and DOLCE
+//! upper-category cascade.
+
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use lance_graph_contract::manifest::OGIT;
+
+use super::owl::{HydrateErr, OwlHydrator};
+use crate::registry::OntologyRegistry;
+
+const SKOS_CORE_RELATIVE_PATH: &str = "data/ontologies/skos/skos-core.rdf";
+const SKOS_XL_RELATIVE_PATH: &str = "data/ontologies/skos/skos-xl.rdf";
+
+const SKOS_EDGE_WHITELIST: &[&str] = &[
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass",
+    // Hierarchical (intra-scheme) relations
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrower",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broaderTransitive",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrowerTransitive",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#related",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#semanticRelation",
+    // Scheme membership
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hasTopConcept",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#topConceptOf",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#member",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#memberList",
+    // Cross-scheme mapping (load-bearing for SKR03/SKR04 alignment)
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrowMatch",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#relatedMatch",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch",
+    // Lexical labels (Core + XL)
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hiddenLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#hiddenLabel",
+    "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#labelRelation",
+];
+
+/// Hydrate SKOS as `OGIT::SKOS_V1` (L2 universal knowledge-organization).
+///
+/// Hydrates both Core and XL artifacts into a single bundle.
+pub fn hydrate_skos(registry: &OntologyRegistry) -> Result<u32, HydrateErr> {
+    let core = skos_core_path();
+    let xl = skos_xl_path();
+    hydrate_skos_from(&[&core, &xl], registry)
+}
+
+/// Test-friendly variant: hydrate SKOS from explicit paths. Accepts a slice
+/// so callers can opt into Core-only, or substitute the `skos-owl1dl.rdf`
+/// OWL-DL-conformant variant (also shipped under `data/ontologies/skos/`).
+pub fn hydrate_skos_from(
+    ttl_paths: &[&Path],
+    registry: &OntologyRegistry,
+) -> Result<u32, HydrateErr> {
+    let hydrator = OwlHydrator {
+        g: OGIT::SKOS_V1.0,
+        version: OGIT::SKOS_V1.1,
+        domain_name: "skos".to_string(),
+        inherits_from: Some(OGIT::DOLCE_V1.0),
+        starting_entity_id: 100,
+    };
+    hydrator.hydrate_many(ttl_paths, registry)?;
+    registry
+        .register_edge_types(OGIT::SKOS_V1.0, SKOS_EDGE_WHITELIST)
+        .map_err(|reason| HydrateErr::Registry {
+            g: OGIT::SKOS_V1.0,
+            reason,
+        })?;
+    Ok(OGIT::SKOS_V1.0)
+}
+
+fn skos_core_path() -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("..")
+        .join("..")
+        .join(SKOS_CORE_RELATIVE_PATH)
+}
+
+fn skos_xl_path() -> PathBuf {
+    Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("..")
+        .join("..")
+        .join(SKOS_XL_RELATIVE_PATH)
+}

crates/lance-graph-ontology/src/lib.rs

@@ -54,10 +54,11 @@ pub mod lance_cache;
 pub use bridge::{BridgeError, NamespaceBridge};
 pub use error::Error;
 pub use hydrators::{
-    hydrate_dolce, hydrate_dolce_from, hydrate_fibo_be, hydrate_fibo_be_from, hydrate_fibo_fnd,
-    hydrate_fibo_fnd_from, hydrate_owltime, hydrate_owltime_from, hydrate_provo,
-    hydrate_provo_from, hydrate_qudt, hydrate_qudt_from, hydrate_schemaorg, hydrate_schemaorg_from,
-    ContextBundle, EntityId, HydrateErr, MetaStructureHydrator, OntologySlot, OwlHydrator,
+    hydrate_dolce, hydrate_dolce_from, hydrate_dolce_from_many, hydrate_fibo_be,
+    hydrate_fibo_be_from, hydrate_fibo_fnd, hydrate_fibo_fnd_from, hydrate_owltime,
+    hydrate_owltime_from, hydrate_provo, hydrate_provo_from, hydrate_qudt, hydrate_qudt_from,
+    hydrate_schemaorg, hydrate_schemaorg_from, hydrate_skos, hydrate_skos_from, ContextBundle,
+    EntityId, HydrateErr, MetaStructureHydrator, OntologySlot, OwlHydrator,
 };
 pub use namespace::{NamespaceId, OgitUri, SchemaPtr};
 pub use proposal::{