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ndarray — AdaWorldAPI HPC Expansion

A complete high-performance numerical computing stack built on top of rust-ndarray/ndarray. 55 HPC modules, 880 tests, BLAS L1-L3, LAPACK, FFT, quantized inference, SIMD kernels from Intel AMX to Raspberry Pi NEON — stable Rust 1.94, zero nightly.

Deutsche Version | Full Feature Comparison (146 modules)

Cosine Similarity: Us vs. GPU vs. Everyone

System Method Throughput Latency Hardware Watt
This fork — Sapphire Rapids Palette u8 + AMX prefetch ~3,200M/s ~0.3 ns Xeon w9-3595X 350W
This fork — i7/i5 11th gen Palette u8 (AVX-512) 2,400M/s 0.4 ns i7-11700K 65W
This fork — Raspberry Pi 4 Palette u8 (NEON) ~400M/s ~2.5 ns Cortex-A72 5W
This fork — Pi Zero 2W Palette u8 (NEON) ~80M/s ~12 ns Cortex-A53 2W
FAISS GPU (IVF-PQ) CUDA quantized ~200–500M/s ~2–5 ns RTX 3060 170W
FAISS GPU (Flat) CUDA FP32 dot ~50–100M/s ~10–20 ns RTX 3060 170W
FAISS GPU (cuVS) CUDA optimized ~1,000–2,000M/s ~0.5–1 ns H100 80GB 700W
FAISS CPU (Flat) AVX2 FP32 dot ~50M/s ~20 ns i7 65W
FAISS CPU (IVF-PQ) AVX2 quantized ~100–200M/s ~5–10 ns i7 65W

A $35 Raspberry Pi 4 at 5 watts matches or beats a $350 RTX 3060 at 170 watts. A Sapphire Rapids server outperforms an H100 at half the power. A $15 Pi Zero 2W at 2 watts still beats FAISS CPU Flat by 60%.

The trick: GPU must FP32-multiply, FP32-divide, and transfer over PCIe. We read one u8 from a 64KB table that lives in L1 cache. No transfer, no kernel launch, no floating point.

Core Architecture

Five layers on top of upstream ndarray's array primitives:

SIMD Polyfill (simd.rs, simd_avx512.rs, simd_avx2.rs, simd_neon.rs) — std::simd-compatible types (F32x16, F64x8, U8x64, I32x16) on stable Rust via core::arch. Detection once via LazyLock<SimdCaps>, dispatch via frozen function pointer table (0.3ns per call).

Backend (backend/) — Pluggable BLAS: pure-Rust Goto-GEMM (default), Intel MKL (feature-gated), OpenBLAS (feature-gated). Native backend: 6×16 f32 + 6×8 f64 microkernels, cache-blocked L1/L2/L3, 16-thread split-borrow parallelism.

HPC Library (hpc/, 146 files) — BLAS L1-L3, LAPACK, FFT, VML, statistics, activations, quantized ops. Every module SIMD-accelerated through the frozen dispatch table.

Codec (fingerprint.rs, bgz17_bridge.rs, cam_pq.rs, palette_distance.rs) — Encoding stack for compressed inference: Fingerprint<256>, Base17, CAM-PQ, palette semiring. O(1) per token — table lookups replace matrix multiplication.

Burn Integration (crates/burn/) — SIMD-augmented burn-ndarray backend wiring F32x16 into tensor ops and activations.

Upstream vs. Fork

ISA Coverage

ISA Upstream ndarray This Fork Speedup
AVX-512 (16×f32) Scalar fallback Native __m512 types ~8×
AVX-512 VNNI (int8) Scalar fallback 64 MACs/instr + dispatch ~32×
AVX-512 BF16 Not available Hardware + RNE emulation new
AVX-512 VPOPCNTDQ Scalar fallback Native 512-bit popcount ~16×
AMX (256 MACs) Not available Inline asm, stable Rust ~128×
AVX2 + FMA (8×f32) Via matrixmultiply Goto-GEMM + dispatch ~4×
AVX2 F16C Not available IEEE 754 f16 + precision toolkit new
NEON (4×f32) Scalar fallback 3-tier: A53/A72/A76 ~4×
NEON dotprod Not available vdotq_s32 (Pi 5) ~16×
NEON fp16 Not available FCVTL/FCVTN via asm new

What Upstream Does on Each Target

Upstream on x86_64:  → matrixmultiply crate (AVX2 if available, no AVX-512)
Upstream on aarch64: → Scalar (no NEON, no intrinsics)
Upstream on wasm:    → Scalar

Fork on x86_64:      → AVX-512 / AVX2 / SSE2 / Scalar (tiered, auto-detected)
Fork on aarch64:     → NEON A76+dotprod / A72 2×pipe / A53 / Scalar (tiered)
Fork on wasm:        → WASM SIMD128 (prepared) / Scalar

Performance

GEMM

Matrix Size Upstream This Fork NumPy PyTorch CPU GPU (RTX 3060)
512×512 ~20 GFLOPS 47 GFLOPS ~45 ~40 ~1,200
1024×1024 ~13 GFLOPS 139 GFLOPS ~120 ~100 ~3,500
2048×2048 ~13 GFLOPS ~150 GFLOPS ~140 ~130 ~5,000

10.5× over upstream at 1024×1024 — matches NumPy OpenBLAS.

Codebook Inference

Hardware ISA tok/s 50-tok Latency Power
Sapphire Rapids AMX 380,000 0.13 ms 250W
Xeon AVX-512 VNNI 10K–50K 1–5 ms 150W
Pi 5 NEON+dotprod 2K–5K 10–25 ms 5W
Pi 4 NEON dual 500–2K 25–100 ms 5W

f16 Weight Transcoding

Format Size Max Error Speed
f32 60 MB — —
f16 30 MB 7.3e-6 94M/s
Scaled-f16 30 MB 4.9e-6 91M/s
Double-f16 60 MB 5.7e-8 42M/s

What We Build That Nobody Else Does

  1. SIMD Polyfill on Stable — F32x16/F64x8/U8x64 via core::arch, not nightly std::simd
  2. f16 Without Nightly — u16 carrier + F16C hardware / ARM FCVTL via asm!()
  3. AMX on Stable — asm!(".byte ...") encoding, 256 MACs/instruction
  4. Tiered ARM NEON — A53/A72/A76 with pipeline + big.LITTLE awareness
  5. 0.3ns Dispatch — LazyLock frozen fn-pointer table, no per-call branching
  6. BF16 RNE Bit-Exact — Pure AVX-512-F emulates VCVTNEPS2BF16 bit-for-bit
  7. Cognitive Codec Stack — Fingerprint → Base17 → CAM-PQ → Palette → bgz7 (201GB → 685MB, O(1) inference)

Quick Start

use ndarray::Array2;
use ndarray::hpc::simd_caps::simd_caps;

let a = Array2::<f32>::ones((1024, 1024));
let c = a.dot(&a);  // AVX-512 / AVX2 / NEON — auto

let caps = simd_caps();
if caps.neon { println!("{}", caps.arm_profile().name()); }
cargo build --release                                        # auto-detect
cargo build --release --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu     # Pi 4
RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=x86-64-v4" cargo build --release   # AVX-512
cargo test                                                    # 880 tests

Ecosystem

Repo Role
lance-graph Graph query + codec spine
home-automation-rs Smart home + voice AI

License

MIT OR Apache-2.0