40.Translate_Command.md

tr Command in Linux

The tr command (short for translate) is used to translate or delete characters. It operates character by character.

Consider demo.txt with data

While Learning Linux, It Is Not Required To Eat Anything.

Example 1: Replace Lowercase Vowels with Uppercase Vowels

$ tr 'aeiou' 'AEIOU' < demo.txt

• Replaces all lowercase vowels with their uppercase counterparts.
• Output:

  WhIlE lEArnIng UnIx nOt rEqUIrEd tO EAt.
  

Example 2: Convert Lowercase Letters to Uppercase

$ tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' < demo.txt

• Converts all lowercase letters to uppercase.
• Output:

  WHILE LEARNING UNIX NOT REQUIRED TO EAT.
  

Example 3: Swap Case for All Characters

$ tr '[a-z][A-Z]' '[A-Z][a-z]' < demo.txt

• Converts lowercase letters to uppercase and vice versa.
• Output:
  Creates a new file:

  $ tr '[a-z][A-Z]' '[A-Z][a-z]' < demo.txt > temp.txt

Example 4: Replace Vowels with a Digit

$ tr 'aeiou' '7' < demo.txt

• Replaces all lowercase vowels with the digit 7.

Example 5: Replace Symbols

emp.dat File Content:

eno|ename|esal|eaddr|dept|gender
100|sunny|1000|mumbai|admin|female
200|bunny|2000|chennai|sales|male
300|chinny|3000|delhi|accounting|female
400|vinny|4000|hyderabad|admin|male
500|pinny|5000|mumbai|sales|female

$ tr '|' '\t' < emp.dat

• Replaces the | symbol with a tab.

$ tr '|' ':' < emp.dat

• Replaces the | symbol with a colon.

Example 6: Delete Characters

$ tr -d 'a' < demo.txt

• Deletes all occurrences of the letter a.

$ tr -d 'aeiou' < demo.txt

• Deletes all lowercase vowels.

Example 7: Squeeze Repeated Characters

$ tr -s 'a' < demo.txt

• Replaces sequences of repeated as with a single a.
• -s Option: Squeezes repeated characters into a single occurrence.

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The tr command is highly versatile for text manipulation tasks like replacing, deleting, and compressing characters.