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‎content/posts/0914.md‎

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date = '2025-09-17T23:42:11+08:00'
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draft = false
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title = '0914学习日志'
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categories="log"
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tags=['计算机网络',"链路层"]
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## 计算机网络-数据链路层
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### 数据链路层的功能
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基本问题
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* 封装成帧
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* 透明传输
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* 差错检测
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信道：
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* 点对点信道
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* 广播信道
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1. 数据链路层所处的地位
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2. 基本概念
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1. 链路
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2. 数据链路
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3. 帧
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3. 为网络层提供服务
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4. 链路管理
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5. 封装成帧与透明传输
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6. 流量控制
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7. 差错检测
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* 位错
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* 帧错
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### 组帧
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1. 字符计数法 首部添加字节数
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2. 字节填充法
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* SOH 最前面
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* EOT 帧结束
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* 特殊字符 使用ESC 转义字符
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3. 零比特填充法
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4. 违规编码法
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### 差错控制
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1. 检错编码
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1. 奇偶校验
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2. 循环冗余码CRC
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2. 纠错编码
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* 海明码
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### 流量控制与可靠传输机制
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1. 流量控制与滑动窗口机制
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1. 停止-等待流量控制基本原理
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2. 滑动窗口流量控制基本原理
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| 协议 | 发送窗口$W_T$ | 接收窗口$W_R$ |
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| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
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| 停止-等待协议 | 1 | 1 |
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| 后退N帧协议 | $>1$ | 1 |
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| 选择重传协议 | $>1$ | $>1$ |
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若采用n比特对帧编号，则后两种滑动窗口协议还需满足$W_T+W_R\leq 2^n$
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2. 可靠传输机制
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1. 单帧滑动窗口与停止-等待协议(S-W)
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2. 多帧滑动窗口与后退N帧协议(GBN)
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3. 多帧滑动窗口与选择重传协议(SR)
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4. 信道利用率分析
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1. 停止等待（$T_D$分组发送时延，$T_A$确认发送时延）
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$$
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U=\frac{T_D}{T_D+ RTT+T_A}
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$$
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2. 连续ARQ协议的新年到利用率
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1. $nT_D<T_D+RTT+R_A$:
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$$
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U=\frac{nT_D}{T_D+ RTT+T_A}
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$$
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2. 否则：
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$$
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1
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$$
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### 介质访问控制
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1. 信道划分介质访问控制
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1. 频分复用FDM
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2. 时分复用TDM
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3. 波分复用WDM
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4. 码分复用CDM
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2. 随机访问介质访问控制
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1. ALOHA协议
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1. 纯ALOHA协议
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2. 时隙ALOHA
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2. CSMA协议（载波监听多路访问）
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1. 1-坚持CSMA
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2. 非坚持CSMA
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3. p-坚持CSMA
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3. CSMA/DA协议（载波监听多路访问/冲突检测）
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4. CSMA/CA协议
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3. 轮询访问：令牌传递协议
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​

‎content/posts/0915.md‎

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date = '2025-09-17T23:42:14+08:00'
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draft = true
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title = '0915'
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‎content/posts/0916.md‎

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date = '2025-09-17T23:42:18+08:00'
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title = '0916'
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‎content/posts/0917.md‎

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date = '2025-09-17T23:42:21+08:00'
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title = '0917'
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计算机网络
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<time datetime='2025-09-14T00:58:10&#43;08:00'>Sep 14, 2025</time>
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‎public/categories/index.xml‎

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<description>Recent content in Categories on shyの考研日志</description>
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