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README.md

👉 Command (Request/Response)

| Create Client Certificates | Configure Event Grid Namespaces | Configure Mosquitto | Run the Sample |

This scenario simulates the request-response messaging pattern. Request-response uses two topics, one for the request and one for the response.

Consider a use case where a user can unlock their car from a mobile app. The request to unlock is published on vehicles/<vehicleId>/commands/unlock/request and the response of unlock operation is published on vehicles/<vehicleId>/commands/unlock/response.

NOTE: This code is a basic example of the request-response messaging pattern. It is not a secure solution for unlocking a vehicle without further security checks.

Command Server, Command Client

Every command requires a server who implements the command and a client who invokes the command, in this case the vehicle is the server and the mobile-app is the client.

Client Role Operation Topic/Topic Filter
vehicle03 server sub vehicles/vehicle03/command/unlock/request
vehicle03 server pub vehicles/vehicle03/command/unlock/response
mobile-app client pub vehicles/vehicle03/command/unlock/request
mobile-app client sub vehicles/vehicle03/command/unlock/response

Command flow with user properties

To implement the command pattern, the mqtt message used for the request includes additional metadata to control the command flow:

  • Correlation Id The client includes a new Guid in the message property CorrelationData.
  • Response Topic The client specifies what topic it is expecting the response on, using the message property ResponseTopic.
  • ContentType The client sets the message property ContentType to specify the format used in the binary payload. The server will check this value to make sure it's configured with the proper serializer.
  • Status The server will set the User Property status on the response, with a HTTP Status code, to let the client know if the execution was successful.

Payload Format

Messages will be encoded using Protobuf with the following payload.

syntax = "proto3";

import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";

message unlockRequest {
    google.protobuf.Timestamp when = 1;
    string requestedFrom = 2;
}

message unlockResponse {
    bool succeed = 1;
    string errorDetail = 2;
}

service Commands {
	rpc unlock(unlockRequest) returns (unlockResponse)
}

🔒 Create Client Certificates

Run the following step commands to create the client certificates for vehicle03 and mobile-app clients. The client authentication name is provided in the subject name field of the client certificate.

# from folder scenarios/command
step certificate create \
    vehicle03 vehicle03.pem vehicle03.key \
    --ca ~/.step/certs/intermediate_ca.crt \
    --ca-key ~/.step/secrets/intermediate_ca_key \
    --no-password --insecure \
    --not-after 2400h

step certificate create \
    mobile-app mobile-app.pem mobile-app.key \
    --ca ~/.step/certs/intermediate_ca.crt \
    --ca-key ~/.step/secrets/intermediate_ca_key \
    --no-password --insecure \
    --not-after 2400h

📐 Configure Event Grid Namespaces

Event Grid Namespaces requires to register the clients, and the topic spaces to set the client permissions.

Create the clients

The clients will be created with authentication name same as the value provided earlier in certificate subject field while creating the client certificates. You can register the 2 clients in the portal or by running the script below:

# from folder scenarios/command
source ../../az.env

az resource create --id "$res_id/clients/vehicle03" --properties '{
	"authenticationName": "vehicle03",
	"state": "Enabled",
	"clientCertificateAuthentication": {
	    "validationScheme": "SubjectMatchesAuthenticationName"
	},
	"attributes": {
	    "type": "vehicle"
    	},
    	"description": "This is a vehicle client"
}'

az resource create --id "$res_id/clients/mobile-app" --properties '{
	"authenticationName": "mobile-app",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "clientCertificateAuthentication": {
            "validationScheme": "SubjectMatchesAuthenticationName"
        },
        "attributes": {
            "type": "mobile"
   	},
    	"description": "This is a mobile app client"
}'

Configure Permissions with Topic Spaces

# from folder scenarios/command
az resource create --id "$res_id/topicSpaces/vehiclesCommands" --properties '{
    "topicTemplates": ["vehicles/+/command/#"]
}'

az resource create --id "$res_id/permissionBindings/vehiclesCmdPub" --properties '{
    "clientGroupName":"$all",
    "topicSpaceName":"vehiclesCommands",
    "permission":"Publisher"
}'

az resource create --id "$res_id/permissionBindings/vehiclesCmdSub" --properties '{
    "clientGroupName":"$all",
    "topicSpaceName":"vehiclesCommands",
    "permission":"Subscriber"
}'

Create the .env files with connection details

The required .env files can be configured manually, we provide the script below as a reference to create those files, as they are ignored from git.

# from folder scenarios/command
source ../../az.env
host_name=$(az resource show --ids $res_id --query "properties.topicSpacesConfiguration.hostname" -o tsv)

echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=$host_name" > vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_USERNAME=vehicle03" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=vehicle03" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CERT_FILE=vehicle03.pem" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_KEY_FILE=vehicle03.key" >> vehicle03.env

echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=$host_name" > mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_USERNAME=mobile-app" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=mobile-app" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CERT_FILE=mobile-app.pem" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_KEY_FILE=mobile-app.key" >> mobile-app.env

🪰 Configure Mosquitto

To establish the TLS connection, the CA needs to be trusted, most MQTT clients allow to specify the ca trust chain as part of the connection, to create a chain file with the root and the intermediate use:

# from folder _mosquitto
cat ~/.step/certs/root_ca.crt ~/.step/certs/intermediate_ca.crt > chain.pem
cp chain.pem ../scenarios/command

The chain.pem is used by mosquitto via the cafile settings to authenticate X509 client connections.

# from folder scenarios/command
echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=localhost" > vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CERT_FILE=vehicle03.pem" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_KEY_FILE=vehicle03.key" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=vehicle03" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CA_FILE=chain.pem" >> vehicle03.env

echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=localhost" > mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CERT_FILE=mobile-app.pem" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_KEY_FILE=mobile-app.key" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=mobile-app" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CA_FILE=chain.pem" >> mobile-app.env

To use mosquitto without certificates: change the port to 1883 and disable TLS.

# from folder scenarios/command
echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=localhost" > vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_TCP_PORT=1883" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_USE_TLS=false" >> vehicle03.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=vehicle03" >> vehicle03.env

echo "MQTT_HOST_NAME=localhost" > mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_TCP_PORT=1883" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_USE_TLS=false" >> mobile-app.env
echo "MQTT_CLIENT_ID=mobile-app" >> mobile-app.env

🎲 Run the Sample

All samples are designed to be executed from the root scenario folder.

dotnet

To build the dotnet sample run:

# from folder scenarios/command
dotnet build dotnet/command.sln

To run the dotnet sample execute each line below in a different shell/terminal.

dotnet/command_server/bin/Debug/net7.0/command_server --envFile=vehicle03.env
dotnet/command_client/bin/Debug/net7.0/command_client --envFile=mobile-app.env

C

To generate the c files to handle the protobuf payload, install protobuf-c-compiler and libprotobuf-dev. Note that you only need these to generate the files, running the sample only requires the libprotobuf-c-dev package.

sudo apt-get install protobuf-c-compiler libprotobuf-dev

Then, to generate the files, run:

# from the root folder
protoc-c --c_out=./scenarios/command/c/protobuf --proto_path=./scenarios/command/c/protobuf unlock_command.proto google/protobuf/timestamp.proto

To build the C sample, run from the root folder:

cmake --preset=command
cmake --build --preset=command

This will generate the produced binary in scenarios/command/c/build

To run the C sample, execute each line below in a different shell/terminal.

# from folder scenarios/command
c/build/command_server vehicle03.env
c/build/command_client mobile-app.env

For alternate building/running methods and more information, see the C documentation.

python

Install the paho client for python:

pip install paho-mqtt

Install internal sample package:

pip install ../../mqttclients/python

To run the python sample, execute each line below in a different shell/terminal:

```bash
python python/command_receiver.py --env-file=vehicle03.env
python python/command_invoker.py --env-file=mobile-app.env

TypeScript

To build the TypeScript sample run:

Note: The scenario should already be built from the initial npm i command at the root.

# from folder scenarios/command
npm run build:proto --prefix ./ts/protoMessages && npm run build --prefix ./ts/protoMessages && npm run build --prefix ./ts/commandServer && npm run build --prefix ./ts/commandClient

To run the TypeScript sample execute each line below in a different shell/terminal:

# from folder scenarios/command
node ./ts/commandServer/dist/index.js --env-file vehicle03.env
# from folder scenarios/command
node ./ts/commandClient/dist/index.js --env-file mobile-app.env

To see detailed MQTT.js debug logging configure the DEBUG environment variable before running the sample.

export DEBUG=mqttjs* && node ...