diff --git a/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/selectionOutlineLayer.ts b/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/selectionOutlineLayer.ts
index 871a19f21518..b31622f6673f 100644
--- a/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/selectionOutlineLayer.ts
+++ b/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/selectionOutlineLayer.ts
@@ -320,6 +320,15 @@ export class SelectionOutlineLayer extends EffectLayer {
         this._thinEffectLayer.addSelection(meshOrGroup);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Removes mesh or group of meshes from the current selection
+     * @param meshOrGroup Meshes to remove from the selection
+     */
+    public removeSelection(meshOrGroup: AbstractMesh | AbstractMesh[]): void {
+        this._thinEffectLayer.removeSelection(meshOrGroup);
+        this._mainTexture.renderList = this._thinEffectLayer._selection; // update render list
+    }
+
     /**
      * Free any resources and references associated to a mesh.
      * Internal use
diff --git a/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/thinSelectionOutlineLayer.ts b/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/thinSelectionOutlineLayer.ts
index 0b99025d73ed..51f5ad85c76c 100644
--- a/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/thinSelectionOutlineLayer.ts
+++ b/packages/dev/core/src/Layers/thinSelectionOutlineLayer.ts
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ export class ThinSelectionOutlineLayer extends ThinEffectLayer {
     /** @internal */
     public _selection: Nullable<AbstractMesh[]> = [];
     private _nextSelectionId = 1;
+    private _freeSelectionIds: number[] = [];
+    private _selectionIdRefCount: number[] = [];
 
     /**
      * Instantiates a new selection outline Layer and references it to the scene..
@@ -708,15 +710,111 @@ export class ThinSelectionOutlineLayer extends ThinEffectLayer {
             if (mesh.instancedBuffers?.[ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName] !== undefined) {
                 delete mesh.instancedBuffers[ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName];
             }
+            if (mesh.hasThinInstances) {
+                mesh.thinInstanceSetBuffer(ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName, null);
+            }
         }
         this._selection.length = 0;
         this._meshUniqueIdToSelectionId.length = 0;
+        this._selectionIdRefCount.length = 0;
+        this._freeSelectionIds.length = 0;
 
         this._nextSelectionId = 1;
 
         this._shouldRender = false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Removes mesh or group of meshes from the current selection
+     * @param meshOrGroup Meshes to remove from the selection
+     */
+    public removeSelection(meshOrGroup: AbstractMesh | AbstractMesh[]): void {
+        if (!this._selection) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const group = Array.isArray(meshOrGroup) ? meshOrGroup : [meshOrGroup];
+
+        for (let meshIndex = 0; meshIndex < group.length; ++meshIndex) {
+            const mesh = group[meshIndex];
+            const index = this._selection.indexOf(mesh);
+            if (index === -1) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Look up the selection ID before cleanup removes it
+            let selectionId: number | undefined;
+            if (mesh.hasInstances || mesh.isAnInstance) {
+                selectionId = mesh.instancedBuffers?.[ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName];
+            } else if (mesh.hasThinInstances) {
+                selectionId = (mesh as Mesh)._userThinInstanceBuffersStorage?.data[ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName]?.[0];
+            } else {
+                selectionId = this._meshUniqueIdToSelectionId[mesh.uniqueId];
+                delete this._meshUniqueIdToSelectionId[mesh.uniqueId];
+            }
+
+            this._selection.splice(index, 1);
+
+            /*
+                Clean up GPU resources for this mesh.
+
+                `_userInstancedBuffersStorage` lives on the source `Mesh` and is shared
+                by all its `InstancedMesh`es. For an `InstancedMesh` passed here, this
+                property is undefined so the block below is safely skipped.
+
+                However, if the source mesh itself is passed to `removeSelection()`
+                while some of its instances are still in the selection, this will
+                dispose the shared GPU vertex buffers (and VAOs / render-pass VBOs)
+                that those instances still reference. `clearSelection()` does not
+                have this problem because it removes everything at once.
+
+                A future fix could skip the `_userInstancedBuffersStorage` teardown
+                when the source mesh still has selected instances, or defer cleanup
+                until the last instance is removed.
+            */
+            const kind = ThinSelectionOutlineLayer.InstanceSelectionIdAttributeName;
+            const m = mesh as Mesh;
+            if (m._userInstancedBuffersStorage) {
+                if (m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.renderPasses) {
+                    for (const passId of this._objectRenderer.renderPassIds) {
+                        const passVBOs = m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.renderPasses[passId];
+                        if (passVBOs?.[kind]) {
+                            passVBOs[kind]!.dispose();
+                            delete passVBOs[kind];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.vertexBuffers[kind]?.dispose();
+                const vao = m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.vertexArrayObjects?.[kind];
+                if (vao) {
+                    (this._engine as ThinEngine).releaseVertexArrayObject(vao);
+                    delete m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.vertexArrayObjects![kind];
+                }
+                delete m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.data[kind];
+                delete m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.vertexBuffers[kind];
+                delete m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.strides[kind];
+                delete m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.sizes[kind];
+                if (Object.keys(m._userInstancedBuffersStorage.vertexBuffers).length === 0) {
+                    m._userInstancedBuffersStorage = undefined!;
+                }
+            }
+            if (m.instancedBuffers?.[kind] !== undefined) {
+                delete m.instancedBuffers[kind];
+            }
+            if (m.hasThinInstances) {
+                m.thinInstanceSetBuffer(kind, null);
+            }
+
+            // Reclaim the selection ID when no more meshes reference it
+            if (selectionId !== undefined && --this._selectionIdRefCount[selectionId] <= 0) {
+                delete this._selectionIdRefCount[selectionId];
+                this._freeSelectionIds.push(selectionId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this._shouldRender = this._selection.length > 0;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Adds mesh or group of mesh to the current selection
      *
@@ -728,13 +826,15 @@ export class ThinSelectionOutlineLayer extends ThinEffectLayer {
             return;
         }
 
-        const nextId = this._nextSelectionId;
+        const nextId = this._freeSelectionIds.length > 0 ? this._freeSelectionIds.pop()! : this._nextSelectionId++;
 
         const group = Array.isArray(meshOrGroup) ? meshOrGroup : [meshOrGroup];
         if (group.length === 0) {
             return;
         }
 
+        this._selectionIdRefCount[nextId] = group.length;
+
         for (let meshIndex = 0; meshIndex < group.length; ++meshIndex) {
             const mesh = group[meshIndex];
 
@@ -759,7 +859,6 @@ export class ThinSelectionOutlineLayer extends ThinEffectLayer {
                 this._meshUniqueIdToSelectionId[mesh.uniqueId] = nextId;
             }
         }
-        this._nextSelectionId += 1;
 
         this._shouldRender = true;
     }