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Minor updates to speaker notes for Distributed III slides.
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slides/distributed3/main.tex

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\documentclass{slide}
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%\usepackage{pgfpages}
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%\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen}
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\setbeameroption{show notes on second screen}
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\title{Distributed Computing III}
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\subtitle{
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\questionanswer{What communication faults may occur?}{
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\begin{itemize}[<+(1)->]
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\item Message not delivered \note<2>{Lost in transit.}
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\item Message delayed \note<3>{Network delay or receiver overloaded,\\but message will be processed later.}
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\item Receiver failed \note<4>{Receiver software has crashed or node has died.}
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\item Receiver busy \note<5>{Receiver temporarily not replying\\(e.g. garbage collection has frozen other processes).}
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\item Reply not received \note<6>{Request was processed but reply lost in transit.}
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\item Reply delayed \note<7>{Reply will be received later.}
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\item Message not delivered \note<2>{Lost in transit}
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\item Message delayed \note<3>{Network delay or receiver overloaded,\\but message will be processed later}
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\item Receiver failed \note<4>{Receiver software has crashed or node has died}
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\item Receiver busy \note<5>{Receiver temporarily not replying\\(e.g. garbage collection has frozen other processes)}
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\item Reply not received \note<6>{Request was processed but reply lost in transit}
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\item Reply delayed \note<7>{Reply will be received later}
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\item Query switches
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\note<5>{Need permissions to do this.\\Will only have this in your own data centre.}
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\item Timeout
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\note<6>{UDP reduces network transmission time guarantee\\-- does not perform retransmission.}
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\note<6>{UDP reduces network transmission time guarantee\\~~~~-- does not perform retransmission}
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\end{itemize}
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}
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\item How many retries? How often?
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\item Exponential backoff with jitter
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\item How long to wait to restart?
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\item Too long reduces responsiveness.
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\item Unacknowledged messages need to be sent to other nodes \\-- reducing performance.
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\item Too short may prematurely declare nodes dead.
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\item May lead to contention -- two nodes processing the same request.
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\item May lead to cascading failure -- load is sent to other nodes, slowing them down so they are then declared dead \dots.
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\item Too long reduces responsiveness
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\item Unacknowledged messages need to be sent to other nodes \\~~~~-- reducing performance
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\item Too short may prematurely declare nodes dead
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\item May lead to contention -- two nodes processing the same request
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\item May lead to cascading failure -- load is sent to other nodes, slowing them down so they are then declared dead \dots
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}
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\definition{Idempotency}{
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Nodes in a distributed system may `lie'. \\--- Send faulty or corrupted messages or responses.
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}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item A message that causes the receiver to fail.
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\item Incorrect responses (e.g. they have finished processing a message but haven't).
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\item Can be due to faults or malicious hosts.
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\item Difficult to deal with all possible variations of these faults.
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\item A message that causes the receiver to fail
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\item Incorrect responses (e.g. they have finished processing a message but haven't)
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\item Can be due to faults or malicious hosts
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\item Difficult to deal with all possible variations of these faults
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}
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\questionanswer{Can we design a system to be Byzantine fault tolerant?}{
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Most systems don't attempt to
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\item Some need to (e.g. safety critical systems, blockchain, \dots)
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\item Refer to CSSE3012 Safety Critical guest lecture.
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\item Refer to CSSE3012 Safety Critical guest lecture
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}
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\begin{frame}{Limited Fault Tolerance}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-01.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Normal message/event is sent from a Producer.
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\item Normal message/event is sent from a Producer
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-02.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Normal message/event is queued (in Message Queue).
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\item Normal message/event is queued (in Message Queue)
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-03.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Normal message/event is dequeued and processed by a Consumer.
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\item Normal message/event is dequeued and processed by a Consumer
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}
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\begin{frame}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item Receiver can't process message.
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\item Always fails -- Not due to transient failure.
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\item Failed messages are retried.
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\item Returned to front of queue -- Preserve message order.
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\item Next receiver fails to process message -- Infinite loop.
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\item Blocks sending of following messages.
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\item Receiver can't process message
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\item Always fails -- Not due to transient failure
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\item Failed messages are retried
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\item Returned to front of queue -- Preserve message order
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\item Next receiver fails to process message -- Infinite loop
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\item Blocks sending of following messages
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}
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% Next 5 slides are an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-04.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\item Poison message is at head of queue.
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue
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\item Poison message is at head of queue
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blocking issue.
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-05.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\item Poison message is dequeued by a Consumer.
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue
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\item Poison message is dequeued by a Consumer
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-06.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\item Consumer fails (crashes).
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\item Poison message is added back to the head of the queue (re-try).
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue
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\item Consumer fails (crashes)
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\item Poison message is added back to the head of the queue (re-try)
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-07.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\item Next Consumer dequeues poison message and fails (crashes).
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue
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\item Next Consumer dequeues poison message and fails (crashes)
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}
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\image[trim=40 90 40 90,clip,width=\textwidth]{diagrams/poison-message-08.png}
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\note[itemize]{
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue.
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\item Poison message is added back to the head of the queue again (re-try).
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\item This set of slides is an example of a poison message blocking the queue
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\item Poison message is added back to the head of the queue again (re-try)
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\item Infinite loop ...
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\item \textbf{Comment} that poison messages block processing regardless of how they're delivered.
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\item A message queue or service isn't the key blocking point.
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\item Async messages sent directly to a consumer requires it to queue them as they're processed, leading to the same blocking issue.
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\item \textbf{Comment} that poison messages block processing regardless of how they're delivered
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\item A message queue or service isn't the key blocking point
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\item Async messages sent directly to a consumer requires it to queue them as they're processed, leading to the same blocking issue
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}
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\questionanswer{What causes a message to be poisonous?}{

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