You are executing the complete SPPS (Signed Positional Prüfer Sequences) experimental suite on Linux for an ESA 2026 Track E conference paper. These experiments were originally run on macOS (Apple M1, ARM64). You are performing a cross-platform validation on Linux (x86-64).
ABSOLUTE RULES:
- Do NOT modify any
.cppsource file. The algorithm must remain byte-for-byte identical. - Do NOT modify or delete any dataset file in
datasets/. - Do NOT skip any experiment block.
- If Block A correctness tests fail, STOP immediately — the build is broken.
- Record EVERY piece of terminal output — nothing should be summarized or truncated.
Run and record ALL of the following:
echo "=== OS ===" && uname -a && cat /etc/os-release | head -5
echo "=== CPU ===" && cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | head -1 && lscpu | grep -E "Thread|Core|Socket|MHz|GHz|cache|Architecture"
echo "=== RAM ===" && free -h | head -2
echo "=== KERNEL ===" && uname -rSave this output — it goes into Section 1 of the terminal output file.
The Mac used these EXACT versions. You MUST match them precisely.
- Protobuf:
libprotoc 34.0(Protobuf C++ API v7.34.0) - FlatBuffers:
flatc version 25.12.19 - Zstandard:
v1.5.7 - Abseil:
20260107.1(required by protobuf 34.0)
tree.pb.hcontains#if PROTOBUF_VERSION != 7034000— won't compile against other versionstree_generated.hhasstatic_assert(FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MAJOR == 25 && FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_MINOR == 12 && FLATBUFFERS_VERSION_REVISION == 19)— compile failure if mismatched- zstd compression is deterministic per-version — different versions produce different compressed byte counts, breaking Table 6 reproducibility
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential g++ pkg-config cmake git wget
# 1. Zstandard 1.5.7
cd /tmp && wget https://github.com/facebook/zstd/releases/download/v1.5.7/zstd-1.5.7.tar.gz
tar xf zstd-1.5.7.tar.gz && cd zstd-1.5.7
make -j$(nproc) && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
# 2. Abseil 20260107.1
cd /tmp && git clone https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp.git && cd abseil-cpp
git checkout 20260107.1 2>/dev/null || git checkout lts_2024_01_16
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
-DABSL_BUILD_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 -DABSL_PROPAGATE_CXX_STD=ON
make -j$(nproc) && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
# 3. Protobuf 34.0
cd /tmp && wget https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v34.0/protobuf-34.0.tar.gz
tar xf protobuf-34.0.tar.gz && cd protobuf-34.0
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 \
-Dprotobuf_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -Dprotobuf_ABSL_PROVIDER=package
make -j$(nproc) && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
# 4. FlatBuffers 25.12.19
cd /tmp && wget https://github.com/google/flatbuffers/archive/refs/tags/v25.12.19.tar.gz
tar xf v25.12.19.tar.gz && cd flatbuffers-25.12.19
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 -DFLATBUFFERS_BUILD_TESTS=OFF
make -j$(nproc) && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
# 5. perf
sudo apt install -y linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic
sudo apt install -y linux-tools-$(uname -r) 2>/dev/null || true
echo -1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoidprotoc --version # MUST show: libprotoc 34.0
flatc --version # MUST show: flatc version 25.12.19
zstd --version # MUST show: v1.5.7
g++ --version | head -1 # Record whatever versioncd /path/to/experiments # Navigate to experiment directory
# Regenerate protobuf/flatbuffers headers for Linux
make gen-proto
# Clean build
make clean && make allMust compile 10 binaries with ZERO errors. The Makefile uses g++ -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -I.
Run each block sequentially. Close other applications. Consider using taskset -c 0 to pin to a single core for consistent timing.
./block_a_correctness 2>&1 | tee block_a_output.txtMANDATORY CHECK: Must show 12006/12006 PASS and OVERALL: ALL BLOCKS PASS. If ANY test fails, STOP.
Expected output structure (must match Mac structure):
- A1: General Fuzzing — 10,000/10,000 PASS
- A2: Directed Edge Stress — 1,000/1,000 PASS
- A3: Sibling Order Stress — 1,000/1,000 PASS
- A4: Worked Example (n=9) — Sequence: [22, 33, 55, 23, 11, 77, 34, 12], PASS
- A5: Boundary Cases — n=1,2,3 all PASS
./block_b_linearity 2>&1 | tee block_b_output.txtExpected: 4 topologies (Path, Star, Balanced Binary, Random AST-Like), each at 8-12 scale points, 30 trials each. R² values should all be ≥ 0.998. ns/node values WILL differ from Mac.
./block_h_worked_examples 2>&1 | tee block_h_output.txtMANDATORY CHECK: Sequence must be exactly S = [18, 19, 9, 54, 27, 10]. This is mathematically deterministic.
./block_c_benchmarks 2>&1 | tee block_c_output.txtExpected: 4 methods × 3 datasets × 30 trials. Size values MUST be deterministic: SPPS=8.00 B/node, LOUDS=0.25 B/node, FB=20.00 B/node.
./block_d_louds 2>&1 | tee block_d_output.txtExpected: Django AST only, 30 trials, all 4 methods. SPPS should have fastest total roundtrip.
./block_e_compression 2>&1 | tee block_e_output.txtExpected: E1 (3 datasets + zstd), E2 (4 topologies), E3 (all-format comparison). Raw SPPS = 8.00 B/node always. If zstd 1.5.7 installed: Django SPPS+zstd-3 compressed = 7,638,651 bytes (3.28 B/node).
./block_f_tail_latency 2>&1 | tee block_f_output.txtExpected: P50/P90/P95/P99/Max/CV% for 3 datasets. CV% should be ≤ 5% for 500K-scale datasets.
./block_g_downstream 2>&1 | tee block_g_output.txtExpected: SPPS vs Protobuf pipeline. Both must find max depth = 28.
For each method, run BOTH /usr/bin/time -v (for RSS) and perf stat (for hardware counters):
# SPPS
/usr/bin/time -v ./profiler_isolated spps datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_spps_time.txt
sudo perf stat -e instructions,cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,branch-misses,branches \
./profiler_isolated spps datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_spps_perf.txt
# LOUDS
/usr/bin/time -v ./profiler_isolated louds datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_louds_time.txt
sudo perf stat -e instructions,cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,branch-misses,branches \
./profiler_isolated louds datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_louds_perf.txt
# FlatBuffers
/usr/bin/time -v ./profiler_isolated fb datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_fb_time.txt
sudo perf stat -e instructions,cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,branch-misses,branches \
./profiler_isolated fb datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_fb_perf.txt
# Protobuf
/usr/bin/time -v ./profiler_isolated pb datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_pb_time.txt
sudo perf stat -e instructions,cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,branch-misses,branches \
./profiler_isolated pb datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt 2>&1 | tee profile_pb_perf.txtAlso run the full profiling script if available:
sudo ./scripts/run_perf_profile.sh 2>&1 | tee perf_full_output.txtCreate the file SPPS_Complete_Terminal_Output.txt with the EXACT structure below. Insert actual measured values in every blank space. Do NOT leave any value empty. Do NOT truncate any output.
==============================================================================
SPPS EXPERIMENT SUITE - COMPLETE TERMINAL OUTPUT LOG
Generated:
Platform:
CPU:
RAM:
Primary Dataset: Real Django AST (n=2,325,575)
Cross-Platform Validation: Linux x86-64 run
Original Platform: Darwin arm64 (Apple M1, 8 GB, macOS 26.2)
==============================================================================
===============================================================================
SECTION 1: SYSTEM INFORMATION
===============================================================================
$ uname -a
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | head -1
$ lscpu | grep -E "cache|Thread|Core|Socket"
$ free -h
$ g++ --version
$ protoc --version
libprotoc 34.0
$ flatc --version
flatc version 25.12.19
$ zstd --version
*** Zstandard CLI (64-bit) v1.5.7, by Yann Collet ***
Compilation flags:
g++ -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -I.
$(pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf) -lflatbuffers -lzstd
===============================================================================
SECTION 2: DATASETS
===============================================================================
$ wc -l datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt
2325576 datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt
$ head -1 datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt
2325575
Dataset 1: Django AST (n=2,325,575 nodes, depth=28)
File: datasets/real_ast_benchmark.txt
Dataset 2: sqlite3 AST (n=503,141 nodes)
File: datasets/sqlite3_ast_edges.txt
Dataset 3: XMark XML (n=500,000 nodes)
File: datasets/xmark_edges.txt
===============================================================================
SECTION 3: BLOCK A - CORRECTNESS
===============================================================================
$ ./block_a_correctness
Paste the COMPLETE, VERBATIM output of ./block_a_correctness here.
Do NOT summarize. Include every line including progress indicators.
Expected structure:
=================================================================
BLOCK A - SPPS CORRECTNESS PROOFS
Pure C++ - No external dependencies
=================================================================
========== A1: GENERAL FUZZING (10,000 random trees) ==========
Progress: 1000/10000
Progress: 2000/10000
... (all 10 progress lines)
RESULT: 10000/10000 passed (0 failed)
STATUS: PASS
========== A2: DIRECTED EDGE STRESS TEST (1,000 trees) ==========
... (all 5 progress lines)
RESULT: 1000/1000 passed (0 failed)
STATUS: PASS
========== A3: SIBLING ORDER STRESS TEST (1,000 trees) ==========
... (all 5 progress lines)
RESULT: 1000/1000 passed (0 failed)
STATUS: PASS
========== A4: DIRECTED EDGE WORKED EXAMPLE (n=9) ==========
Input tree (n=9, root=1):
1 -> {2, 3}
2 -> {4, 5}
3 -> {6, 7}
5 -> {8}
7 -> {9}
Initial degrees (augmented tree, v_virt=10, N=11):
... (all degree values)
ENCODING TRACE:
Step Leaf P k d omega Formula
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 2 0 1 22 1 * (2 * 11 + 0) = 22
2 6 3 0 1 33 1 * (3 * 11 + 0) = 33
3 8 5 0 1 55 1 * (5 * 11 + 0) = 55
4 5 2 1 1 23 1 * (2 * 11 + 1) = 23
5 2 1 0 1 11 1 * (1 * 11 + 0) = 11
6 9 7 0 1 77 1 * (7 * 11 + 0) = 77
7 7 3 1 1 34 1 * (3 * 11 + 1) = 34
8 3 1 1 1 12 1 * (1 * 11 + 1) = 12
9 1 10 0 -1 -110 -1 * (10 * 11 + 0) = -110
Direction counts: d=+1: 8, d=-1: 1
Final sequence (length 8): [22, 33, 55, 23, 11, 77, 34, 12]
DECODING...
Decoded root: 1
Decoded edges:
1 -> {2, 3}
2 -> {4, 5}
3 -> {6, 7}
5 -> {8}
7 -> {9}
STATUS: PASS
========== A5: BOUNDARY CASES ==========
n=1: sequence length = 0 (expected 0) PASS
n=2: ... PASS
n=3 chain: ... PASS
n=3 star: ... PASS
OVERALL: ALL PASS
=================================================================
BLOCK A SUMMARY
=================================================================
A1 General Fuzzing: 10000/10000 PASS
A2 Directed Edge Stress: 1000/1000 PASS
A3 Sibling Order Stress: 1000/1000 PASS
A4 Worked Example (n=9): PASS
A5 Boundary Cases: PASS
OVERALL: ALL BLOCKS PASS
=================================================================
]
===============================================================================
SECTION 4: BLOCK B - O(n) LINEARITY PROOF
===============================================================================
$ ./block_b_linearity
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_b_linearity here. Must include all 4 topologies
(B1: Path Graph, B2: Star Graph, B3: Balanced Binary, B4: Random AST-Like),
all scale points with ns/node values, regression equations, R² values,
and the B5 summary table. Include the NOTE about cache boundary if present.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 5: BLOCK H - WORKED EXAMPLES
===============================================================================
$ ./block_h_worked_examples
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_h_worked_examples here. Must include the H1 paper example
with n=7 tree, augmented tree with v_virt=8 and N=9, the complete encoding
trace table (all 6 steps showing leaf/P/k/d/omega), the final sequence
S = [18, 19, 9, 54, 27, 10], the decoding trace, and the verification result.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 6: BLOCK C - BENCHMARKS (Arena-Enabled Protobuf)
===============================================================================
$ ./block_c_benchmarks
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_c_benchmarks here. Must include all 3 datasets
(Django AST C1, sqlite3 AST C2, XMark XML C3), each with the 4-method
table showing Enc/Dec/DFS/Total/Size/B-node, plus the C4 cross-dataset
stability table with CV% values.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 7: BLOCK D - LOUDS BASELINE (Arena-Enabled)
===============================================================================
$ ./block_d_louds
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_d_louds here. Must include the D2 head-to-head
comparison table and D3 speedup narrative with total roundtrip values
and speedup ratios.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 8: BLOCK E - COMPRESSION
===============================================================================
$ ./block_e_compression
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_e_compression here. Must include E1 (3 datasets with
zstd-1 and zstd-3), E2 (4 topologies at n=1M), and E3 (all-format
compression comparison: SPPS vs Protobuf vs FlatBuffers through zstd).]
===============================================================================
SECTION 9: BLOCK F - TAIL LATENCY
===============================================================================
$ ./block_f_tail_latency
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_f_tail_latency here. Must include per-dataset tail
latency tables (P50/P90/P95/P99/Max/P99-P50/CV%) for all 3 datasets
and the F2 cross-dataset CV% stability table.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 10: BLOCK G - DOWNSTREAM MACRO-BENCHMARK
===============================================================================
$ ./block_g_downstream
Paste COMPLETE verbatim output of ./block_g_downstream here. Must include the G1 downstream
pipeline results table showing SPPS vs PB(Arena) for Encode/Decode/DFS/
Total/MaxDepth/Size, plus stability CV% and speedup narrative.]
===============================================================================
SECTION 11: MEMORY PROFILING (/usr/bin/time -v + perf stat)
===============================================================================
Platform: , ,
Dataset: Django AST, n=2,325,575
Protobuf: google::protobuf::Arena (contiguous allocation)
LOUDS: O(1) rank/select (64-bit blocks, __builtin_popcountll)
--- METHOD: spps ---
Derived metrics:
Mean iter time: ms
IPC:
Instructions/node:
Cycles/node:
Peak RSS: MB
Cache miss rate: %
Branch miss rate: %
--- METHOD: louds ---
Derived metrics:
Mean iter time: ms
IPC:
Instructions/node:
Cycles/node:
Peak RSS: MB
Cache miss rate: %
Branch miss rate: %
--- METHOD: fb ---
Derived metrics:
Mean iter time: ms
IPC:
Instructions/node:
Cycles/node:
Peak RSS: MB
Cache miss rate: %
Branch miss rate: %
--- METHOD: pb ---
Derived metrics:
Mean iter time: ms
IPC:
Instructions/node:
Cycles/node:
Peak RSS: MB
Cache miss rate: %
Branch miss rate: %
SUMMARY TABLE:
Method Peak RSS (MB) Instructions Cycles IPC Inst/node Cycles/node
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPPS
LOUDS
FlatBuffers
Protobuf
===============================================================================
SECTION 12: FAIRNESS NOTES
===============================================================================
1. PROTOBUF ARENA ALLOCATION
All Protobuf benchmarks use google::protobuf::Arena for contiguous memory.
Applied to: block_c, block_d, block_e, block_g, profiler_isolated.
2. APPLES-TO-APPLES COMPRESSION (Block E, Section E3)
All three formats pass through the identical zstd compression pipeline.
3. LOUDS O(1) ACCELERATION
LOUDS uses __builtin_popcountll for O(1) rank/select over packed 64-bit blocks.
4. OPTIMIZATION FLAGS
g++ -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native (best available instructions for this CPU).
5. EXACT DEPENDENCY VERSIONS
protobuf 34.0, flatbuffers 25.12.19, zstd 1.5.7 — matching Mac versions.
6. ALGORITHM UNCHANGED
No .cpp source files were modified. `git status` confirms clean working tree.
7. ALGORITHM NOTE (Alg. 1, Line 27)
Direction flag d uses a ternary check:
d = (parent[leaf]==P) ? +1 : ((parent[P]==leaf) ? -1 : +1)
The fallback to +1 is defensive; for rooted trees the first two branches
suffice.
===============================================================================
SECTION 13: SUMMARY OF ALL RESULTS
===============================================================================
Table 1: Head-to-Head (Django AST, n=2,325,575, 30 trials)
LOUDS: O(1) rank/select accelerated
Method Enc(ms) Dec(ms) DFS(ms) Total(ms) Size(B) B/node Peak RSS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPPS 18,604,592 8.00 MB
LOUDS 581,394 0.25 MB
FlatBuffers 46,511,508 20.00 MB
Protobuf 14,246,489 6.13 MB
SPPS speedup over accelerated LOUDS: x
SPPS speedup over FlatBuffers: x
SPPS speedup over Protobuf: x
Table 2: Cross-Dataset Results (from Block C)
Table 3: Compression (Django AST, apples-to-apples zstd-3)
Format Raw B/node zstd-1 B/n zstd-3 B/n Ratio
-----------------------------------------------------------------
SPPS 8.00 x
Protobuf (Arena) 6.13 x
FlatBuffers 20.00 x
Table 4: Downstream Pipeline (Block G, 30 trials)
Metric SPPS PB (Arena) Speedup
-------------------------------------------------------
Encode (ms) x
Decode (ms) x
DFS Max-Depth (ms) x
Total Pipeline (ms) x
Max Depth Found
Table 5: Cross-Dataset Stability (ns/node encode)
Method Django AST sqlite3 AST XMark XML CV%
--------------------------------------------------------
SPPS
LOUDS
FlatBuffers
Protobuf
Table 6: Tail Latency (CV%)
Dataset Encode CV% TotalRead CV%
--------------------------------------------
Django AST
sqlite3 AST
XMark XML
Mean
Table 7: Correctness
Block A: /12,006 tests PASS
A1 General Fuzzing: /10,000
A2 Directed Edge Stress: /1,000
A3 Sibling Order Stress: /1,000
A4 Worked Example (n=9):
A5 Boundary Cases:
Table 8: Linearity (Block B, 4 topologies)
Topology Slope (ns/n) R² Linear?
Path Graph
Star Graph
Bal. Binary
AST-Like
Table 9: Memory & Microarchitectural Profile
Method Peak RSS (MB) Instructions (B) Cycles (B) IPC Inst/node Cycles/node
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPPS
LOUDS
FlatBuffers
Protobuf
===============================================================================
CROSS-PLATFORM COMPARISON (Mac ARM64 vs Linux x86-64)
===============================================================================
Mac (Apple M1) Linux ()
macOS 26.2
Clang 21.0.0 g++
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Block A Correctness 12,006/12,006 PASS /12,006 PASS
Block H Sequence [18,19,9,54,27,10]
SPPS raw B/node 8.00
LOUDS raw B/node 0.25
FB raw B/node 20.00
PB raw B/node 6.13
zstd-3 comp. bytes 7,638,651
SPPS total (Django) 65.82 ms ms
SPPS vs LOUDS 2.06x x
SPPS vs FB 3.27x x
SPPS vs PB 2.97x x
Best R² (Block B) 0.999939
Worst R² (Block B) 0.998267
Max depth (Block G) 28
Deterministic checks:
Correctness: [IDENTICAL / DIFFERS]
Worked example: [IDENTICAL / DIFFERS]
Raw sizes: [IDENTICAL / DIFFERS]
Compression (zstd 1.5.7): [IDENTICAL / DIFFERS]
Performance checks:
Speedup ratios preserved: [YES / NO]
R² linearity preserved: [YES / NO]
SPPS fastest on Django: [YES / NO]
===============================================================================
END OF TERMINAL OUTPUT
===============================================================================
All data collected on (, ),
single-threaded, -O3 -march=native optimized.
Django AST: real codebase AST (n = 2,325,575).
No algorithmic modifications to SPPS.
Report generated .
Run git status to confirm no source files were modified.
| # | Check | Expected | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Block A: 12,006 PASS | Must match Mac | |
| 2 | Block H: S = [18,19,9,54,27,10] | Must match Mac | |
| 3 | SPPS raw = 8.00 B/node | Must match Mac | |
| 4 | LOUDS raw = 0.25 B/node | Must match Mac | |
| 5 | FB raw = 20.00 B/node | Must match Mac | |
| 6 | PB raw ≈ 6.13 B/node | Should match Mac | |
| 7 | All R² ≥ 0.998 | Must hold | |
| 8 | zstd-3 Django = 7,638,651 B | If zstd 1.5.7 | |
| 9 | Block G max depth = 28 | Must match | |
| 10 | SPPS fastest on Django | Must hold | |
| 11 | Both output files exist | Must exist | |
| 12 | No .cpp files modified | git status clean |
After this prompt is complete, proceed to PROMPT 2 to generate the Exhaustive Research Report.