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tweaks for the PSU page
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docs/conf.py

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# import sys
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# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
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import sphinx_rtd_theme
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# import sphinx_rtd_theme
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# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
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docs/reference/hardware/motorboards/arduino-motor-shield-stacked.rst

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.. figure:: /_static/images/motorboards/stacked_motor_shield_1.png
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:alt: Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 1
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:scale: 80%
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:scale: 100%
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Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 1
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.. figure:: /_static/images/motorboards/stacked_motor_shield_2.png
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:alt: Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 2
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:scale: 80%
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:scale: 70%
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Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 2
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Short single wire jumpers are preferred, and that is the DFPLayer mini MP3 sound player stuck under the front edge and powered off of the top motor shield back end purple and black wires.
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.. figure:: /_static/images/motorboards/stacked_motor_shield_3.png
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:alt: Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 3
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:scale: 80%
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:scale: 70%
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Stacked Arduino Motor Shields 3
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docs/reference/hardware/power-supplies.rst

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:dcc-ex-red-bold-italic:`Applying a voltage above what a decoder was designed for may permanently damage it.`
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**Voltage - on the track**
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The voltage you need depends on the *scale/gauge of the locos* you intend to run, and the *motor driver* you have.
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For |DCC|, as a rough guide you need a voltage *on the track* of...
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* **18v-19vDC** for O scale/gauge
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* **20v-24vDC** for G scale/gauge
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Note that for purely |DC| operation, these voltages should probably be slightly lower maximums.
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Note that for purely |DC| operation, these voltages should be slightly lower maximums as the track will get the full voltage, in pulses, all the time.
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**Power Supply Voltage**
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The voltage of the *power supply* you need will depend on the type of motor driver you have:
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* If you have a |EX-MS| or |EX-MS| the you *should not exceed* the values listed above. This is because the EX-MotorShield8874 does not drop voltage like the |standard motor driver|. |BR| |BR|
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* If you have a |standard motor driver|, then you generally will want a power supply between 1 and 2 volts higher than the voltage you want to have on the track. this is because the |standard motor driver| is inefficient and drops voltage.
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* If you have a |standard motor driver|, then you generally will want a power supply between **1 and 2 volts higher** than the voltage you want to have on the track. this is because the |standard motor driver| is inefficient and drops voltage.
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|HR-DASHED|
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**Additional Information**
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N and Z scale/gauge layouts should run at at about 10-14v [1]_ to avoid damage to the motors. See this thread to learn more about the pros and cons of running at higher voltages at this `TrainBoard Thread <https://www.trainboard.com/highball/index.php?threads/dcc-voltage-and-n-scale-locomotives.56342/>`_ |EXTERNAL-LINK| Another good link (along with just about anything written by Mark Gurries), is here: `Mark Gurries - Choosing the Right Booster <https://sites.google.com/site/markgurries/dcc-welcome-page/advanced-topics/boosters/choosing-the-right-booster>`_ |EXTERNAL-LINK|
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N and Z scale/gauge layouts should run at at about 10-14v [1]_ (at the track) to avoid damage to the motors. See this thread to learn more about the pros and cons of running at higher voltages at this `TrainBoard Thread <https://www.trainboard.com/highball/index.php?threads/dcc-voltage-and-n-scale-locomotives.56342/>`_ |EXTERNAL-LINK| Another good link (along with just about anything written by Mark Gurries), is here: `Mark Gurries - Choosing the Right Booster <https://sites.google.com/site/markgurries/dcc-welcome-page/advanced-topics/boosters/choosing-the-right-booster>`_ |EXTERNAL-LINK|
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Most larger scales/gauges will run higher voltage [1]_. For reference, Digitrax systems put the rails at around 14v and garden scale could be 18v. Do some homework to determine what voltage is best for your system.
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.. [1] The voltage you need for the |Motor Driver| depends on the scale/gauge of the layout you are using. Bigger is not always better. Too high a voltage can damage your locos. See the :ref:`reference/hardware/power-supplies:powering the motor driver` for more information.
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.. [1] The voltage you need for the |Motor Driver| depends on the scale/gauge of the layout you are using. Bigger is not always better. Too high a voltage can damage your locos. |BR| See the :ref:`reference/hardware/power-supplies:powering the motor driver` for more information.
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Be aware that the |motor driver| you use will affect the actual voltage at the track. If you use the |Standard Motor Driver| or any other L298 based shield or controller, you will have a 2V drop at the track. That means that if you use a 12v supply, there will be only 10v at the track. Many people prefer to use a 14.5V DC power supply with these boards. If you use any MOSFET based boards like the IBT_2 and the IRF3205 boards, there is a negligible voltage drop so 12v in will give you 12v at the track.
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