diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index a4ed873e6..70a5863b6 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "SEE LICENSE IN LICENSE",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@defra/forms-model": "^3.0.432",
+        "@defra/forms-model": "^3.0.438",
         "@defra/hapi-tracing": "^1.0.0",
         "@elastic/ecs-pino-format": "^1.5.0",
         "@hapi/boom": "^10.0.1",
@@ -2038,9 +2038,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@defra/forms-model": {
-      "version": "3.0.432",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@defra/forms-model/-/forms-model-3.0.432.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-EEWWStK/tAweis08ewj68R4hHzRLZckvbF3wg6UgVXSnO/UVjtrfGxJ0et+2ykuEWdGISkVVWXvYXSrinl6JlQ==",
+      "version": "3.0.438",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@defra/forms-model/-/forms-model-3.0.438.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3Vn6ZeTy/Oajx5t5vG5/xTn0UPnas0fdtTYOYTfNQuco12RJRtmLeXaOcHyzJqZpxvAmqWL0AKKEUv4iSSMoZg==",
       "license": "OGL-UK-3.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "marked": "^15.0.7",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 4b7164828..731102be5 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
   },
   "license": "SEE LICENSE IN LICENSE",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@defra/forms-model": "^3.0.432",
+    "@defra/forms-model": "^3.0.438",
     "@defra/hapi-tracing": "^1.0.0",
     "@elastic/ecs-pino-format": "^1.5.0",
     "@hapi/boom": "^10.0.1",
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/AutocompleteField.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/AutocompleteField.test.ts
index ac45b2fb0..eebb4a3dd 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/AutocompleteField.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/AutocompleteField.test.ts
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ describe.each([
 
     describe('State', () => {
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns text from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const answer1 = getAnswer(field, state1)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns payload from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const payload1 = field.getFormDataFromState(state1)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns value from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const value1 = field.getFormValueFromState(state1)
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe.each([
       it.each([...options.examples])(
         'returns context for conditions and form submission',
         (item) => {
-          const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+          const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
           const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
           const value1 = field.getContextValueFromState(state1)
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ describe.each([
         const value1 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload1)
         const value2 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload2)
 
-        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.state))
+        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.value))
         expect(value2).toEqual(getFormState(null))
       })
     })
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/CheckboxesField.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/CheckboxesField.test.ts
index b34e7f5f7..9c33708cf 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/CheckboxesField.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/CheckboxesField.test.ts
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ describe.each([
       it.each([...options.examples])(
         'returns text from state (single)',
         (item) => {
-          const state1 = getFormState([item.state])
+          const state1 = getFormState([item.value])
           const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
           const answer1 = getAnswer(field, state1)
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ describe.each([
         const item1 = options.examples[0]
         const item2 = options.examples[2]
 
-        const state = getFormState([item1.state, item2.state])
+        const state = getFormState([item1.value, item2.value])
         const answer = getAnswer(field, state)
 
         expect(answer).toBe(outdent`
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns payload from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState([item.state])
+        const state1 = getFormState([item.value])
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const payload1 = field.getFormDataFromState(state1)
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns value from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState([item.state])
+        const state1 = getFormState([item.value])
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const value1 = field.getFormValueFromState(state1)
@@ -296,13 +296,13 @@ describe.each([
       it.each([...options.examples])(
         'returns context for conditions and form submission',
         (item) => {
-          const state1 = getFormState([item.state])
+          const state1 = getFormState([item.value])
           const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
           const value1 = field.getContextValueFromState(state1)
           const value2 = field.getContextValueFromState(state2)
 
-          expect(value1).toEqual([item.state])
+          expect(value1).toEqual([item.value])
           expect(value2).toEqual([])
         }
       )
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ describe.each([
         const value1 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload1)
         const value2 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload2)
 
-        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState([item.state]))
+        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState([item.value]))
         expect(value2).toEqual(getFormState(null))
       })
     })
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/List.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/List.test.ts
index 85fd6ec93..dd188ceaa 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/List.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/List.test.ts
@@ -52,18 +52,21 @@ describe('List', () => {
       it('returns list items', () => {
         expect(guidance).toHaveProperty('items', [
           {
+            id: '52fc51fc-c75a-4b08-9c9e-6bd99b9bc49b',
             text: '1 day',
             value: 1,
             description:
               'Valid for 24 hours from the start time that you select'
           },
           {
+            id: '56b7b34f-23b3-4446-ac8e-b2443d18588e',
             text: '8 day',
             value: 8,
             description:
               'Valid for 8 consecutive days from the start time that you select'
           },
           {
+            id: '1af54fbc-eec2-4e1e-bd53-2415abf62677',
             text: '12 months',
             value: 365,
             description:
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/RadiosField.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/RadiosField.test.ts
index fbf2724d2..f0bb586c0 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/RadiosField.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/RadiosField.test.ts
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ describe.each([
 
     describe('State', () => {
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns text from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const answer1 = getAnswer(field, state1)
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns payload from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const payload1 = field.getFormDataFromState(state1)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns value from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const value1 = field.getFormValueFromState(state1)
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ describe.each([
       it.each([...options.examples])(
         'returns context for conditions and form submission',
         (item) => {
-          const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+          const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
           const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
           const value1 = field.getContextValueFromState(state1)
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ describe.each([
         const value1 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload1)
         const value2 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload2)
 
-        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.state))
+        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.value))
         expect(value2).toEqual(getFormState(null))
       })
     })
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/SelectField.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/SelectField.test.ts
index 903eb8c64..c6a2cda9b 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/components/SelectField.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/components/SelectField.test.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ describe.each([
 
     describe('State', () => {
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns text from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const answer1 = getAnswer(field, state1)
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns payload from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const payload1 = field.getFormDataFromState(state1)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ describe.each([
       })
 
       it.each([...options.examples])('returns value from state', (item) => {
-        const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+        const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
         const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
         const value1 = field.getFormValueFromState(state1)
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe.each([
       it.each([...options.examples])(
         'returns context for conditions and form submission',
         (item) => {
-          const state1 = getFormState(item.state)
+          const state1 = getFormState(item.value)
           const state2 = getFormState(null)
 
           const value1 = field.getContextValueFromState(state1)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ describe.each([
         const value1 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload1)
         const value2 = field.getStateFromValidForm(payload2)
 
-        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.state))
+        expect(value1).toEqual(getFormState(item.value))
         expect(value2).toEqual(getFormState(null))
       })
     })
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.test.ts
index b0700587e..01bebf312 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/QuestionPageController.test.ts
@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@ describe('QuestionPageController', () => {
       expect(filtered[1].model.label?.text).toBe('Select from the list')
       expect(filtered[1].model.items).toEqual([
         {
+          id: expect.any(String),
           checked: false,
           condition: 'isBarnOwl',
           selected: false,
@@ -450,6 +451,7 @@ describe('QuestionPageController', () => {
           value: '1'
         },
         {
+          id: expect.any(String),
           checked: false,
           condition: 'isBarnOwl',
           selected: false,
@@ -499,6 +501,7 @@ describe('QuestionPageController', () => {
       expect(filtered[1].model.label?.text).toBe('Select from the list')
       expect(filtered[1].model.items).toEqual([
         {
+          id: expect.any(String),
           checked: false,
           condition: 'notBarnOwl',
           selected: false,
@@ -506,6 +509,7 @@ describe('QuestionPageController', () => {
           value: '3'
         },
         {
+          id: expect.any(String),
           checked: false,
           condition: 'notBarnOwl',
           selected: false,
diff --git a/test/condition/checkboxes.test.js b/test/condition/checkboxes.test.js
index 42228c537..dfcbf4eda 100644
--- a/test/condition/checkboxes.test.js
+++ b/test/condition/checkboxes.test.js
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ describe('Checkboxes based conditions', () => {
       })
 
       expect($checkbox).toBeInTheDocument()
-      expect($checkbox).toHaveAttribute('id', example.id)
+      expect($checkbox).toHaveAttribute('id', expect.any(String)) // id is now a uuid
       expect($checkbox).toHaveAttribute('name', example.name)
       expect($checkbox).toHaveAttribute('value', example.value)
       expect($checkbox).toHaveClass('govuk-checkboxes__input')
diff --git a/test/condition/radios.test.js b/test/condition/radios.test.js
index 98791f723..3730aecd9 100644
--- a/test/condition/radios.test.js
+++ b/test/condition/radios.test.js
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ describe('Radio based conditions', () => {
       })
 
       expect($radio).toBeInTheDocument()
-      expect($radio).toHaveAttribute('id', example.id)
+      expect($radio).toHaveAttribute('id', expect.any(String)) // is now a uuid
       expect($radio).toHaveAttribute('name', example.name)
       expect($radio).toHaveAttribute('value', example.value)
       expect($radio).toHaveClass('govuk-radios__input')
diff --git a/test/fixtures/list.js b/test/fixtures/list.js
index 57ccf98f8..65985bd5c 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/list.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/list.js
@@ -1,90 +1,85 @@
+import {
+  createListFromFactory,
+  createListItemFactory
+} from '~/test/form/factory.js'
+
 /**
  * @satisfies {List}
  */
-export const listNumber = {
+export const listNumber = createListFromFactory({
   title: 'Example number list',
   name: 'listNumber',
   type: 'number',
   items: [
-    { text: '1 point', value: 1 },
-    { text: '2 points', value: 2 },
-    { text: '3 points', value: 3 },
-    { text: '4 points', value: 4 }
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '1 point', value: 1 }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '2 points', value: 2 }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '3 points', value: 3 }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '4 points', value: 4 })
   ]
-}
+})
 
 export const listNumberExamples = [
-  {
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '1 point',
-    value: 1,
-    state: 1
-  },
-  {
+    value: 1
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '2 points',
-    value: 2,
-    state: 2
-  },
-  {
+    value: 2
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '3 points',
-    value: 3,
-    state: 3
-  },
-  {
+    value: 3
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '4 points',
-    value: 4,
-    state: 4
-  }
+    value: 4
+  })
 ]
 
 /**
  * @satisfies {List}
  */
-export const listString = {
+export const listString = createListFromFactory({
   title: 'Example string list',
   name: 'listString',
   type: 'string',
   items: [
-    { text: '1 hour', value: '1' },
-    { text: '2 hours', value: '2' },
-    { text: '3 hours', value: '3' },
-    { text: '4 hours', value: '4' }
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '1 hour', value: '1' }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '2 hours', value: '2' }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '3 hours', value: '3' }),
+    createListItemFactory({ text: '4 hours', value: '4' })
   ]
-}
+})
 
 export const listStringExamples = [
-  {
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '1 hour',
-    value: '1',
-    state: '1'
-  },
-  {
+    value: '1'
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '2 hours',
-    value: '2',
-    state: '2'
-  },
-  {
+    value: '2'
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '3 hours',
-    value: '3',
-    state: '3'
-  },
-  {
+    value: '3'
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: '4 hours',
-    value: '4',
-    state: '4'
-  }
+    value: '4'
+  })
 ]
 
 export const listYesNoExamples = [
-  {
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: 'Yes',
-    value: true,
-    state: true
-  },
-  {
+    value: true
+  }),
+  createListItemFactory({
     text: 'No',
-    value: false,
-    state: false
-  }
+    value: false
+  })
 ]
 
 /**
diff --git a/test/form/definitions/basic.js b/test/form/definitions/basic.js
index 7488b548b..475c17315 100644
--- a/test/form/definitions/basic.js
+++ b/test/form/definitions/basic.js
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import {
   ControllerType
 } from '@defra/forms-model'
 
+import {
+  createListFromFactory,
+  createListItemFactory
+} from '~/test/form/factory.js'
+
 export default /** @satisfies {FormDefinition} */ ({
   name: 'Basic',
   startPage: '/licence',
@@ -68,30 +73,33 @@ export default /** @satisfies {FormDefinition} */ ({
   ],
   conditions: [],
   lists: [
-    {
+    createListFromFactory({
       name: 'licenceLengthDays',
       title: 'Licence length (days)',
       type: 'number',
       items: [
-        {
+        createListItemFactory({
+          id: '52fc51fc-c75a-4b08-9c9e-6bd99b9bc49b',
           text: '1 day',
           value: 1,
           description: 'Valid for 24 hours from the start time that you select'
-        },
-        {
+        }),
+        createListItemFactory({
+          id: '56b7b34f-23b3-4446-ac8e-b2443d18588e',
           text: '8 day',
           value: 8,
           description:
             'Valid for 8 consecutive days from the start time that you select'
-        },
-        {
+        }),
+        createListItemFactory({
+          id: '1af54fbc-eec2-4e1e-bd53-2415abf62677',
           text: '12 months',
           value: 365,
           description:
             '12-month licences are now valid for 365 days from their start date and can be purchased at any time during the year'
-        }
+        })
       ]
-    }
+    })
   ],
   outputEmail: 'enrique.chase@defra.gov.uk'
 })
diff --git a/test/form/factory.js b/test/form/factory.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49ba49d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/form/factory.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Factory method for list Item
+ * @param {Partial<Item>} partialListItem
+ * @returns {Item}
+ */
+export function createListItemFactory(partialListItem) {
+  return {
+    id: '52fc51fc-c75a-4b08-9c9e-6bd99b9bc49b',
+    text: 'text',
+    value: 1,
+    description: 'Valid for 24 hours from the start time that you select',
+    ...partialListItem
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Factory method for List
+ * @param {Partial<List>} partialList
+ * @returns {List}
+ */
+export function createListFromFactory(partialList) {
+  return {
+    id: '4ebe4ef5-bd3c-499b-a179-7e7e86b0dc6f',
+    name: 'licenceLengthDays',
+    title: 'Licence length (days)',
+    type: 'number',
+    items: [],
+    ...partialList
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @import { Item, List } from '@defra/forms-model'
+ */