Merge pull request #2349 from dohyeon2/week1

[dohyeon2] WEEK 1 Solutions

Author: dohyeon2

contains-duplicate/dohyeon2.java

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+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+class Solution {
+    // The problem is to check if there are any duplicate elements in the array.
+    // So, I decided to use HashSet because it has O(1) time complexity for add and contains operations which are good to use for checking duplicates.
+    public boolean containsDuplicate(int[] nums) {
+        // the element type of the array is int, so create Integer HashSet
+        // O(n) space complexity
+        HashSet<Integer> exists = new HashSet<Integer>();
+        // the nums array has length up to 10^5, so use int type
+        // O(n) time complexity average
+        // worst case: O(n log n) if many elements hash to the same bucket
+        for(int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
+            int num = nums[i];
+            
+            if(exists.contains(num)){
+                return true;
+            }else{
+                exists.add(num);
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}

house-robber/dohyeon2.java

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+class Solution {
+    public int rob(int[] nums) {
+        // Dynamic Planning
+        // Time Complexity: O(n)
+        // Space Complexity: O(n) for the dp array
+        // When applying DP, it is important to define the accumulated state clearly.
+
+        if (nums.length == 1) {
+            return nums[0];
+        }
+
+        // The state of dp is maximum amount of robbery at i
+        int[] dp = new int[nums.length];
+
+        dp[0] = nums[0];
+        dp[1] = Math.max(nums[0], nums[1]);
+
+        for (int i = 2; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            dp[i] = Math.max(
+                    // If we skip the current house,
+                    // we can take the maximum amount of robbery at i - 1
+                    dp[i - 1],
+                    // If we rob the current house, we cannot rob the previous house
+                    // so we can take the maximum amount of robbery at i - 2
+                    dp[i - 2] + nums[i]);
+        }
+
+        return dp[nums.length - 1];
+    }
+}

longest-consecutive-sequence/dohyeon2.java

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+import java.util.HashSet;
+
+class Solution {
+    // This solution was inspired by:
+    // https://www.algodale.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/
+    //
+    // I initially believed this algorithm would run in O(n) time,
+    // but it resulted in a Time Limit Exceeded error.
+    //
+    // Although the expected time complexity is O(n),
+    // repeatedly calling set.iterator().next() might introduce overhead.
+    // Iterating through the set using a for-loop may be a better approach.
+    //
+    // In this case, it seems preferable to follow the approach described here:
+    // https://www.algodale.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/#%ED%92%80%EC%9D%B4-3
+
+    public int oldApproach(int[] nums) {
+        int count = 0;
+        HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
+        for (int num : nums) {
+            set.add(num);
+        }
+
+        while (set.size() > 0) {
+            int buffer = 1;
+            // This may cause a Time Limit Exceeded error.
+            Integer curr = set.iterator().next();
+            set.remove(curr);
+            Integer next = curr + 1;
+            Integer prev = curr - 1;
+
+            while (set.contains(next)) {
+                set.remove(next);
+                next++;
+                buffer++;
+            }
+
+            while (set.contains(prev)) {
+                set.remove(prev);
+                prev--;
+                buffer++;
+            }
+
+            count = Math.max(count, buffer);
+        }
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
+        int count = 0;
+
+        // The Set has O(n) space complexity,
+        // because it may store up to n elements in memory.
+        // Is this the correct way to evaluate space complexity?
+        HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
+        for (int num : nums) {
+            set.add(num);
+        }
+
+        for (int num : set) {
+            if (set.contains(num - 1)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            int currentNum = num;
+            int currentCount = 1;
+
+            while (set.contains(currentNum + 1)) {
+                currentNum++;
+                currentCount++;
+            }
+
+            count = Math.max(count, currentCount);
+        }
+
+        return count;
+    }
+}

top-k-frequent-elements/dohyeon2.java

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+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+class Solution {
+    public int[] topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) {
+        // time complexity O(n)
+        // space complexity O(n)
+
+        HashMap<Integer, Integer> frequentMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            int num = nums[i];
+            frequentMap.merge(num, 1, Integer::sum);
+        }
+
+        ArrayList<Integer>[] buckets = new ArrayList[nums.length + 1];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i <= nums.length; i++) {
+            buckets[i] = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        frequentMap.forEach((Integer a, Integer b) -> {
+            // Assign the largest values from the front of the array
+            buckets[nums.length - b].add(a);
+        });
+
+        int[] result = new int[k];
+
+        int pointer = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
+            ArrayList<Integer> list = buckets[i];
+            if (list.size() == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (Integer num : list) {
+                result[pointer] = (int) num;
+                // Return the result when the pointer reaches k
+                if (pointer == (k - 1))
+                    return result;
+                pointer++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

two-sum/dohyeon2.java

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+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+class Solution {
+    public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
+        // Approach : using HashMap to get index with the element in O(n) time
+        // complexity
+        // SpaceComplexity is also O(n)
+        HashMap<Integer, Integer> numIndexMap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
+
+        // Make key and value HashMap
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            int num = nums[i];
+            numIndexMap.put(num, i);
+        }
+
+        // Search for the other operand looping nums
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
+            int num = nums[i];
+            int operand = target - num;
+            Integer index = numIndexMap.get(operand);
+            boolean indexExists = index != null;
+            boolean indexExistsAndIndexIsNotTheNum = indexExists && i != index;
+            if (indexExistsAndIndexIsNotTheNum) {
+                return new int[] { i, index };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If the valid answer is always exists this is not needed
+        // But the compiler don't know about that
+        return new int[2];
+    }
+}