Bump rules_python from 1.6.3 to 1.8.3 (#46017)

### What does this PR do?
Update `rules_python` from version 1.6.3 to 1.8.3 with the aim at reducing the number of warnings seen in CI, which tend to indicate an underlying combinatorial explosion when looking for Python wheels.

### Motivation
Some CI runs generate thousands of warnings like:
```
DEBUG: rules_python:pypi:create_whl_repos WARNING: Could not find a whl or an sdist with sha256=...
```
([example](https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/datadog-agent/-/jobs/1406186495)).

While switching to version 1.8.x alone is unlikely to eliminate all warnings, it brings changes that should help reduce their frequency:
- bazel-contrib/rules_python#3225
- bazel-contrib/rules_python#3385
- bazel-contrib/rules_python#3441
- bazel-contrib/rules_python#3432
- bazel-contrib/rules_python#3447

### Describe how you validated your changes
For that, I'll be monitoring logs once the change is merged to the mainline, see why below.

### Additional Notes
Coming next:
- this is a mitigation/preparation step: if warning counts don't decrease significantly, the next step would be to add `target_platforms` to the `pip.parse()` configuration to explicitly limit platform checks, which is worth a dedicated PR,
- even if it's tiny, the patch on `rules_python` must be removed once bazel-contrib/rules_python#3579 is addressed. Without it, we used to face `ValueError`s which were preventing the version bump.

Co-authored-by: regis.desgroppes <regis.desgroppes@datadoghq.com>

Author: rdesgroppes

MODULE.bazel

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib", version = "1.9.0")
 bazel_dep(name = "bazel_lib", version = "3.1.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_go", version = "0.59.0")  # for https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_go/pull/4493
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_pkg", version = "1.2.0")
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_python", version = "1.8.3")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_shell", version = "0.6.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "libarchive", version = "3.8.1")
 
@@ -56,6 +57,12 @@ git_override(
     remote = "https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_pkg.git",
 )
 
+# Temporary until rules_python > 1.8.3
+single_version_override(
+    module_name = "rules_python",
+    patches = ["//bazel/patches:rules_python-issue-3579.patch"],
+)
+
 #########################
 ## Prebuilt binaries   ##
 #########################
@@ -161,8 +168,6 @@ visual_studio(
 # Keep in sync with .python-version
 PYTHON_VERSION = "3.12"
 
-bazel_dep(name = "rules_python", version = "1.6.3")
-
 python = use_extension("@rules_python//python/extensions:python.bzl", "python")
 python.defaults(python_version = PYTHON_VERSION)
 python.toolchain(