fix(billing): add window expiration check to Redis rate limit Lua script

The updateRateLimitUsageScript Lua script previously performed
unconditional HINCRBYFLOAT on all usage counters without checking
whether the rate limit window had expired. This caused usage to
accumulate across window boundaries in Redis while the DB correctly
reset on expiration, leading to incorrect 429 rate limiting that
could persist for up to 24 hours.

The Lua script now checks each window timestamp before incrementing:
- If the window has expired, usage is reset to the current cost and
  the window timestamp is updated (matching DB-side semantics)
- If the window is still valid, usage is accumulated normally

This also resolves the async race condition where stale HINCRBYFLOAT
tasks from the worker queue could pollute a freshly rebuilt cache
after invalidation, since the script now self-corrects expired windows.

Closes Wei-Shaw#1049

Author: touwaeriol

backend/internal/repository/billing_cache.go

@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ const (
 	billingCacheTTL           = 5 * time.Minute
 	billingCacheJitter        = 30 * time.Second
 	rateLimitCacheTTL         = 7 * 24 * time.Hour // 7 days matches the longest window
+
+	// Rate limit window durations — must match service.RateLimitWindow* constants.
+	rateLimitWindow5h = 5 * time.Hour
+	rateLimitWindow1d = 24 * time.Hour
+	rateLimitWindow7d = 7 * 24 * time.Hour
 )
 
 // jitteredTTL 返回带随机抖动的 TTL，防止缓存雪崩
@@ -90,17 +95,40 @@ var (
 		return 1
 	`)
 
-	// updateRateLimitUsageScript atomically increments all three rate limit usage counters.
-	// Returns 0 if the key doesn't exist (cache miss), 1 on success.
+	// updateRateLimitUsageScript atomically increments all three rate limit usage counters
+	// with window expiration checking. If a window has expired, its usage is reset to cost
+	// (instead of accumulated) and the window timestamp is updated, matching the DB-side
+	// IncrementRateLimitUsage semantics.
+	//
+	// ARGV: [1]=cost, [2]=ttl_seconds, [3]=now_unix, [4]=window_5h_seconds, [5]=window_1d_seconds, [6]=window_7d_seconds
 	updateRateLimitUsageScript = redis.NewScript(`
 		local exists = redis.call('EXISTS', KEYS[1])
 		if exists == 0 then
 			return 0
 		end
 		local cost = tonumber(ARGV[1])
-		redis.call('HINCRBYFLOAT', KEYS[1], 'usage_5h', cost)
-		redis.call('HINCRBYFLOAT', KEYS[1], 'usage_1d', cost)
-		redis.call('HINCRBYFLOAT', KEYS[1], 'usage_7d', cost)
+		local now = tonumber(ARGV[3])
+		local win5h = tonumber(ARGV[4])
+		local win1d = tonumber(ARGV[5])
+		local win7d = tonumber(ARGV[6])
+
+		-- Helper: check if window is expired and update usage + window accordingly
+		-- Returns nothing, modifies the hash in-place.
+		local function update_window(usage_field, window_field, window_duration)
+			local w = tonumber(redis.call('HGET', KEYS[1], window_field) or 0)
+			if w == 0 or (now - w) >= window_duration then
+				-- Window expired or never started: reset usage to cost, start new window
+				redis.call('HSET', KEYS[1], usage_field, tostring(cost))
+				redis.call('HSET', KEYS[1], window_field, tostring(now))
+			else
+				-- Window still valid: accumulate
+				redis.call('HINCRBYFLOAT', KEYS[1], usage_field, cost)
+			end
+		end
+
+		update_window('usage_5h', 'window_5h', win5h)
+		update_window('usage_1d', 'window_1d', win1d)
+		update_window('usage_7d', 'window_7d', win7d)
 		redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[2])
 		return 1
 	`)
@@ -280,7 +308,15 @@ func (c *billingCache) SetAPIKeyRateLimit(ctx context.Context, keyID int64, data
 
 func (c *billingCache) UpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, keyID int64, cost float64) error {
 	key := billingRateLimitKey(keyID)
-	_, err := updateRateLimitUsageScript.Run(ctx, c.rdb, []string{key}, cost, int(rateLimitCacheTTL.Seconds())).Result()
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	_, err := updateRateLimitUsageScript.Run(ctx, c.rdb, []string{key},
+		cost,
+		int(rateLimitCacheTTL.Seconds()),
+		now,
+		int(rateLimitWindow5h.Seconds()),
+		int(rateLimitWindow1d.Seconds()),
+		int(rateLimitWindow7d.Seconds()),
+	).Result()
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
 		log.Printf("Warning: update rate limit usage cache failed for api key %d: %v", keyID, err)
 		return err