+**Persistent-storage freshness, integrity, and availability.** Disk encryption protects the confidentiality of data at rest. The default ZFS storage filesystem also provides integrity checking; switching the storage filesystem to ext4 may forgo strong integrity protection. Neither filesystem proves that an attached disk represents the latest application state. An infrastructure operator can withhold, delete, replace, or restore an earlier valid encrypted disk image. Applications that require rollback-resistant state must anchor a monotonic version or state commitment in an external trusted service, ledger, or equivalent freshness mechanism.
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