diff --git a/.changeset/fix-otlp-resource-duplicate-service-attrs.md b/.changeset/fix-otlp-resource-duplicate-service-attrs.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..078f2c2a8c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-otlp-resource-duplicate-service-attrs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@effect/opentelemetry": patch
+---
+
+Fix `OtlpResource.fromConfig` duplicating `service.name`/`service.version` attributes when they are provided via `OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES`. These keys are now filtered out of the attributes record before being passed to `make`, which already adds them explicitly.
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtlpResource.ts b/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtlpResource.ts
index ac72cbee6f5..ed4c4df833e 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtlpResource.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtlpResource.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import * as Arr from "effect/Array"
 import * as Config from "effect/Config"
 import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
 import * as Inspectable from "effect/Inspectable"
+import * as Record from "effect/Record"
 
 const ATTR_SERVICE_NAME = "service.name"
 const ATTR_SERVICE_VERSION = "service.version"
@@ -90,10 +91,15 @@ export const fromConfig: (
     (yield* Config.string("OTEL_SERVICE_NAME"))
   const serviceVersion = options?.serviceVersion ?? attributes[ATTR_SERVICE_VERSION] as string ??
     (yield* Config.string("OTEL_SERVICE_VERSION").pipe(Config.withDefault(undefined)))
+  // service.name and service.version are added explicitly by `make`, so filter
+  // them out of the attributes record to avoid duplicate entries.
   return make({
     serviceName,
     serviceVersion,
-    attributes
+    attributes: Record.filter(
+      attributes,
+      (_, key) => key !== ATTR_SERVICE_NAME && key !== ATTR_SERVICE_VERSION
+    )
   })
 }, Effect.orDie)
 
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtlpResource.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtlpResource.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d87d24fa91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtlpResource.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "@effect/vitest"
+import * as ConfigProvider from "effect/ConfigProvider"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as OtlpResource from "../src/OtlpResource.js"
+
+const withConfig = (map: Record<string, string>) =>
+  Effect.withConfigProvider(ConfigProvider.fromMap(new Map(Object.entries(map))))
+
+describe("OtlpResource", () => {
+  describe("fromConfig", () => {
+    it.effect("does not duplicate service.name/service.version from OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const resource = yield* OtlpResource.fromConfig()
+        const serviceNameAttrs = resource.attributes.filter((attr) => attr.key === "service.name")
+        const serviceVersionAttrs = resource.attributes.filter((attr) => attr.key === "service.version")
+        expect(serviceNameAttrs).toHaveLength(1)
+        expect(serviceNameAttrs[0].value.stringValue).toBe("my-service")
+        expect(serviceVersionAttrs).toHaveLength(1)
+        expect(serviceVersionAttrs[0].value.stringValue).toBe("1.2.3")
+      }).pipe(
+        withConfig({
+          OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES: "service.name=my-service,service.version=1.2.3,deployment.environment=test"
+        })
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("keeps other attributes from OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const resource = yield* OtlpResource.fromConfig()
+        const envAttr = resource.attributes.filter((attr) => attr.key === "deployment.environment")
+        expect(envAttr).toHaveLength(1)
+        expect(envAttr[0].value.stringValue).toBe("test")
+      }).pipe(
+        withConfig({
+          OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES: "service.name=my-service,deployment.environment=test"
+        })
+      ))
+  })
+})