11-payment-encoding.md

BOLT #11: Invoice Protocol for Lightning Payments

A simple, extendable, QR-code-ready protocol for requesting payments over Lightning.

Table of Contents

• Encoding Overview
• Human-Readable Part
• Data Part
  • Tagged Fields
  • Feature Bits
• Payer / Payee Interactions
  • Payer / Payee Requirements
• Implementation
• Examples
• Authors

Encoding Overview

The format for a Lightning invoice uses bech32 encoding, which is already used for Bitcoin Segregated Witness. It can be simply reused for Lightning invoices even though its 6-character checksum is optimized for manual entry, which is unlikely to happen often given the length of Lightning invoices.

If a URI scheme is desired, the current recommendation is to either use 'lightning:' as a prefix before the BOLT-11 encoding (note: not 'lightning://'), or for fallback to Bitcoin payments, to use 'bitcoin:', as per BIP-21, with the key 'lightning' and the value equal to the BOLT-11 encoding.

Requirements

A writer:

• MUST encode the payment request in Bech32 (see BIP-0173)
• MAY exceed the 90-character limit specified in BIP-0173.

A reader:

• MUST parse the address as Bech32, as specified in BIP-0173 (also without the character limit).
• if the checksum is incorrect:
  • MUST fail the payment.

Human-Readable Part

The human-readable part of a Lightning invoice consists of two sections:

1. prefix: ln + BIP-0173 currency prefix (e.g. lnbc for Bitcoin mainnet, lntb for Bitcoin testnet, and lnbcrt for Bitcoin regtest)
2. amount: optional number in that currency, followed by an optional multiplier letter. The unit encoded here is the 'social' convention of a payment unit -- in the case of Bitcoin the unit is 'bitcoin' NOT satoshis.

The following multiplier letters are defined:

• m (milli): multiply by 0.001
• u (micro): multiply by 0.000001
• n (nano): multiply by 0.000000001
• p (pico): multiply by 0.000000000001

Requirements

A writer:

• MUST encode prefix using the currency required for successful payment.
• if a specific minimum amount is required for successful payment:
  • MUST include that amount.
  • MUST encode amount as a positive decimal integer with no leading 0s.
  • SHOULD use the shortest representation possible, by using the largest multiplier or omitting the multiplier.

A reader:

• if it does NOT understand the prefix:
  • MUST fail the payment.
• if the amount is empty:
  • SHOULD indicate to the payer that amount is unspecified.
• otherwise:
  • if amount contains a non-digit OR is followed by anything except a multiplier (see table above):
    • MUST fail the payment.
  • if the multiplier is present:
    • MUST multiply amount by the multiplier value to derive the amount required for payment.

Rationale

The amount is encoded into the human readable part, as it's fairly readable and a useful indicator of how much is being requested.

Donation addresses often don't have an associated amount, so amount is optional in that case. Usually a minimum payment is required for whatever is being offered in return.

Data Part

The data part of a Lightning invoice consists of multiple sections:

1. timestamp: seconds-since-1970 (35 bits, big-endian)
2. zero or more tagged parts
3. signature: Bitcoin-style signature of above (520 bits)

Requirements

A writer:

• MUST set timestamp to the number of seconds since Midnight 1 January 1970, UTC in big-endian.
• MUST set signature to a valid 512-bit secp256k1 signature of the SHA2 256-bit hash of the human-readable part, represented as UTF-8 bytes, concatenated with the data part (excluding the signature) with 0 bits appended to pad the data to the next byte boundary, with a trailing byte containing the recovery ID (0, 1, 2, or 3).

A reader:

• MUST check that the signature is valid (see the n tagged field specified below).

Rationale

signature covers an exact number of bytes even though the SHA2 standard actually supports hashing in bit boundaries, because it's not widely implemented. The recovery ID allows public-key recovery, so the identity of the payee node can be implied.

Tagged Fields

Each Tagged Field is of the form:

1. type (5 bits)
2. data_length (10 bits, big-endian)
3. data (data_length x 5 bits)

Currently defined tagged fields are:

• p (1): data_length 52. 256-bit SHA256 payment_hash. Preimage of this provides proof of payment.
• d (13): data_length variable. Short description of purpose of payment (UTF-8), e.g. '1 cup of coffee' or 'ナンセンス 1杯'
• n (19): data_length 53. 33-byte public key of the payee node
• h (23): data_length 52. 256-bit description of purpose of payment (SHA256). This is used to commit to an associated description that is over 639 bytes, but the transport mechanism for the description in that case is transport specific and not defined here.
• x (6): data_length variable. expiry time in seconds (big-endian). Default is 3600 (1 hour) if not specified.
• c (24): data_length variable. min_final_cltv_expiry to use for the last HTLC in the route. Default is 9 if not specified.
• f (9): data_length variable, depending on version. Fallback on-chain address: for Bitcoin, this starts with a 5-bit version and contains a witness program or P2PKH or P2SH address.
• r (3): data_length variable. One or more entries containing extra routing information for a private route; there may be more than one r field
  • pubkey (264 bits)
  • short_channel_id (64 bits)
  • fee_base_msat (32 bits, big-endian)
  • fee_proportional_millionths (32 bits, big-endian)
  • cltv_expiry_delta (16 bits, big-endian)
• 9 (5): data_length variable. One or more 5-bit values containing features supported or required for receiving this payment. See Feature Bits.

Requirements

A writer:

• MUST include exactly one p field.
• MUST set payment_hash to the SHA2 256-bit hash of the payment_preimage that will be given in return for payment.
• MUST include either exactly one d or exactly one h field.
  • if d is included:
    • MUST set d to a valid UTF-8 string.
    • SHOULD use a complete description of the purpose of the payment.
  • if h is included:
    • MUST make the preimage of the hashed description in h available through some unspecified means.
      • SHOULD use a complete description of the purpose of the payment.
• MAY include one x field.
  • if x is included:
    • SHOULD use the minimum data_length possible.
• MAY include one c field.
  • MUST set c to the minimum cltv_expiry it will accept for the last HTLC in the route.
  • if c is included:
    • SHOULD use the minimum data_length possible.
• MAY include one n field. (Otherwise performing signature recovery is required)
  • MUST set n to the public key used to create the signature.
• MAY include one or more f fields.
  • for Bitcoin payments:
    • MUST set an f field to a valid witness version and program, OR to 17 followed by a public key hash, OR to 18 followed by a script hash.
• if there is NOT a public channel associated with its public key:
  • MUST include at least one r field.
    • r field MUST contain one or more ordered entries, indicating the forward route from a public node to the final destination.
      • Note: for each entry, the pubkey is the node ID of the start of the channel; short_channel_id is the short channel ID field to identify the channel; and fee_base_msat, fee_proportional_millionths, and cltv_expiry_delta are as specified in BOLT #7.
  • MAY include more than one r field to provide multiple routing options.
• if 9 contains non-zero bits:
  • SHOULD use the minimum data_length possible.
• otherwise:
  • MUST omit the 9 field altogether.
• MUST pad field data to a multiple of 5 bits, using 0s.
• if a writer offers more than one of any field type, it:
  • MUST specify the most-preferred field first, followed by less-preferred fields, in order.

A reader:

• MUST skip over unknown fields, OR an f field with unknown version, OR p, h, or n fields that do NOT have data_lengths of 52, 52, or 53, respectively.
• if the 9 field contains unknown odd bits that are non-zero:
  • MUST ignore the bit.
• if the 9 field contains unknown even bits that are non-zero:
  • MUST fail the payment.
  • SHOULD indicate the unknown bit to the user.
• MUST check that the SHA2 256-bit hash in the h field exactly matches the hashed description.
• if a valid n field is provided:
  • MUST use the n field to validate the signature instead of performing signature recovery.

Rationale

The type-and-length format allows future extensions to be backward compatible. data_length is always a multiple of 5 bits, for easy encoding and decoding. Readers also ignore fields of different length, for fields that are expected may change.

The p field supports the current 256-bit payment hash, but future specs could add a new variant of different length: in which case, writers could support both old and new variants, and old readers would ignore the variant not the correct length.

The d field allows inline descriptions, but may be insufficient for complex orders. Thus, the h field allows a summary: though the method by which the description is served is as-yet unspecified and will probably be transport dependent. The h format could change in the future, by changing the length, so readers ignore it if it's not 256 bits.

The n field can be used to explicitly specify the destination node ID, instead of requiring signature recovery.

The x field gives warning as to when a payment will be refused: mainly to avoid confusion. The default was chosen to be reasonable for most payments and to allow sufficient time for on-chain payment, if necessary.

The c field allows a way for the destination node to require a specific minimum CLTV expiry for its incoming HTLC. Destination nodes may use this to require a higher, more conservative value than the default one (depending on their fee estimation policy and their sensitivity to time locks). Note that remote nodes in the route specify their required cltv_expiry_delta in the channel_update message, which they can update at all times.

The f field allows on-chain fallback; however, this may not make sense for tiny or time-sensitive payments. It's possible that new address forms will appear; thus, multiple f fields (in an implied preferred order) help with transition, and f fields with versions 19-31 will be ignored by readers.

The r field allows limited routing assistance: as specified, it only allows minimum information to use private channels, however, it could also assist in future partial-knowledge routing.

Security Considerations for Payment Descriptions

Payment descriptions are user-defined and provide a potential avenue for injection attacks: during the processes of both rendering and persistence.

Payment descriptions should always be sanitized before being displayed in HTML/Javascript contexts (or any other dynamically interpreted rendering frameworks). Implementers should be extra perceptive to the possibility of reflected XSS attacks, when decoding and displaying payment descriptions. Avoid optimistically rendering the contents of the payment request until all validation, verification, and sanitization processes have been successfully completed.

Furthermore, consider using prepared statements, input validation, and/or escaping, to protect against injection vulnerabilities in persistence engines that support SQL or other dynamically interpreted querying languages.

• Stored and Reflected XSS Prevention
• DOM-based XSS Prevention
• SQL Injection Prevention

Don't be like the school of Little Bobby Tables.

Feature Bits

Feature bits allow forward and backward compatibility, and follow the it's ok to be odd rule.

The field is big-endian. The least-significant bit is numbered 0, which is even, and the next most significant bit is numbered 1, which is odd.

Payer / Payee Interactions

These are generally defined by the rest of the Lightning BOLT series, but it's worth noting that BOLT #4 specifies that the payee SHOULD accept up to twice the expected amount, so the payer can make payments harder to track by adding small variations.

The intent is that the payer recovers the payee's node ID from the signature, and after checking that conditions such as fees, expiry, and block timeout are acceptable, attempts a payment. It can use r fields to augment its routing information, if necessary to reach the final node.

If the payment succeeds but there is a later dispute, the payer can prove both the signed offer from the payee and the successful payment.

Payer / Payee Requirements

A payer:

• after the timestamp plus expiry has passed:
  • SHOULD NOT attempt a payment.
• otherwise:
  • if a Lightning payment fails:
    • MAY attempt to use the address given in the first f field that it understands for payment.
• MAY use the sequence of channels, specified by the r field, to route to the payee.
• SHOULD consider the fee amount and payment timeout before initiating payment.
• SHOULD use the first p field that it did NOT skip as the payment hash.

A payee:

• after the timestamp plus expiry has passed:
  • SHOULD NOT accept a payment.

Implementation

https://github.com/rustyrussell/lightning-payencode

Examples

NB: all the following examples are signed with priv_key=e126f68f7eafcc8b74f54d269fe206be715000f94dac067d1c04a8ca3b2db734.

Please make a donation of any amount using payment_hash 0001020304050607080900010203040506070809000102030405060708090102 to me @03e7156ae33b0a208d0744199163177e909e80176e55d97a2f221ede0f934dd9ad

lnbc1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqdpl2pkx2ctnv5sxxmmwwd5kgetjypeh2ursdae8g6twvus8g6rfwvs8qun0dfjkxaq8rkx3yf5tcsyz3d73gafnh3cax9rn449d9p5uxz9ezhhypd0elx87sjle52x86fux2ypatgddc6k63n7erqz25le42c4u4ecky03ylcqca784w

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash
  • p5: data_length (p = 1, 5 = 20; 1 * 32 + 20 == 52)
  • qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypq: payment hash 0001020304050607080900010203040506070809000102030405060708090102
• d: short description
  • pl: data_length (p = 1, l = 31; 1 * 32 + 31 == 63)
  • 2pkx2ctnv5sxxmmwwd5kgetjypeh2ursdae8g6twvus8g6rfwvs8qun0dfjkxaq: 'Please consider supporting this project'
• 8rkx3yf5tcsyz3d73gafnh3cax9rn449d9p5uxz9ezhhypd0elx87sjle52x86fux2ypatgddc6k63n7erqz25le42c4u4ecky03ylcq: signature
• ca784w: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • 38ec6891345e204145be8a3a99de38e98a39d6a569434e1845c8af7205afcfcc7f425fcd1463e93c32881ead0d6e356d467ec8c02553f9aab15e5738b11f127f hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e62630b25fe64410d00004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c202404081a1fa83632b0b9b29031b7b739b4b232b91039bab83837b93a34b733903a3434b990383937b532b1ba0 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • c3d4e83f646fa79a393d75277b1d858db1d1f7ab7137dcb7835db2ecd518e1c9 hex of SHA256 of the preimage

Please send $3 for a cup of coffee to the same peer, within one minute

lnbc2500u1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqdq5xysxxatsyp3k7enxv4jsxqzpuaztrnwngzn3kdzw5hydlzf03qdgm2hdq27cqv3agm2awhz5se903vruatfhq77w3ls4evs3ch9zw97j25emudupq63nyw24cg27h2rspfj9srp

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 2500u: amount (2500 micro-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• d: short description
  • q5: data_length (q = 0, 5 = 20; 0 * 32 + 20 == 20)
  • xysxxatsyp3k7enxv4js: '1 cup coffee'
• x: expiry time
  • qz: data_length (q = 0, z = 2; 0 * 32 + 2 == 2)
  • pu: 60 seconds (p = 1, u = 28; 1 * 32 + 28 == 60)
• aztrnwngzn3kdzw5hydlzf03qdgm2hdq27cqv3agm2awhz5se903vruatfhq77w3ls4evs3ch9zw97j25emudupq63nyw24cg27h2rsp: signature
• fj9srp: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • e89639ba6814e36689d4b91bf125f10351b55da057b00647a8dabaeb8a90c95f160f9d5a6e0f79d1fc2b964238b944e2fa4aa677c6f020d466472ab842bd750e hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 1 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332353030750b25fe64410d00004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c202404081a0a189031bab81031b7b33332b2818020f00 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • 3cd6ef07744040556e01be64f68fd9e1565fb47d78c42308b1ee005aca5a0d86 hex of SHA256 of the preimage

Please send 0.0025 BTC for a cup of nonsense (ナンセンス 1杯) to the same peer, within one minute

lnbc2500u1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqdpquwpc4curk03c9wlrswe78q4eyqc7d8d0xqzpuyk0sg5g70me25alkluzd2x62aysf2pyy8edtjeevuv4p2d5p76r4zkmneet7uvyakky2zr4cusd45tftc9c5fh0nnqpnl2jfll544esqchsrny

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 2500u: amount (2500 micro-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• d: short description
  • pq: data_length (p = 1, q = 0; 1 * 32 + 0 == 32)
  • uwpc4curk03c9wlrswe78q4eyqc7d8d0: 'ナンセンス 1杯'
• x: expiry time
  • qz: data_length (q = 0, z = 2; 0 * 32 + 2 == 2)
  • pu: 60 seconds (p = 1, u = 28; 1 * 32 + 28 == 60)
• yk0sg5g70me25alkluzd2x62aysf2pyy8edtjeevuv4p2d5p76r4zkmneet7uvyakky2zr4cusd45tftc9c5fh0nnqpnl2jfll544esq: signature
• chsrny: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • 259f04511e7ef2aa77f6ff04d51b4ae9209504843e5ab9672ce32a153681f687515b73ce57ee309db588a10eb8e41b5a2d2bc17144ddf398033faa49ffe95ae6 hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332353030750b25fe64410d00004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c202404081a1071c1c571c1d9f1c15df1c1d9f1c15c9018f34ed798020f0 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • 197a3061f4f333d86669b8054592222b488f3c657a9d3e74f34f586fb3e7931c hex of SHA256 of the preimage

Now send $24 for an entire list of things (hashed)

lnbc20m1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqscc6gd6ql3jrc5yzme8v4ntcewwz5cnw92tz0pc8qcuufvq7khhr8wpald05e92xw006sq94mg8v2ndf4sefvf9sygkshp5zfem29trqq2yxxz7

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• h: tagged field: hash of description
  • p5: data_length (p = 1, 5 = 20; 1 * 32 + 20 == 52)
  • 8yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqs: SHA256 of 'One piece of chocolate cake, one icecream cone, one pickle, one slice of swiss cheese, one slice of salami, one lollypop, one piece of cherry pie, one sausage, one cupcake, and one slice of watermelon'
• cc6gd6ql3jrc5yzme8v4ntcewwz5cnw92tz0pc8qcuufvq7khhr8wpald05e92xw006sq94mg8v2ndf4sefvf9sygkshp5zfem29trqq: signature
• 2yxxz7: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • c63486e81f8c878a105bc9d959af1973854c4dc552c4f0e0e0c7389603d6bdc67707bf6be992a8ce7bf50016bb41d8a9b5358652c4960445a170d049ced4558c hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332306d0b25fe64410d00004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c202404082e1a1c92db7b3f161a001b7689049eea2701b46f8db7513629edf2408fac7eaedc60800 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • b6025e8a10539dddbcbe6840a9650707ae3f147b8dcfda338561ada710508916 hex of SHA256 of the preimage

The same, on testnet, with a fallback address mk2QpYatsKicvFVuTAQLBryyccRXMUaGHP

lntb20m1pvjluezhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqspp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqfpp3x9et2e20v6pu37c5d9vax37wxq72un98kmzzhznpurw9sgl2v0nklu2g4d0keph5t7tj9tcqd8rexnd07ux4uv2cjvcqwaxgj7v4uwn5wmypjd5n69z2xm3xgksg28nwht7f6zspwp3f9t

Breakdown:

• lntb: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin testnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• h: tagged field: hash of description...
• p: payment hash...
• f: tagged field: fallback address
  • pp: data_length (p = 1; 1 * 32 + 1 == 33)
  • 3 = 17, so P2PKH address
  • x9et2e20v6pu37c5d9vax37wxq72un98: 160-bit P2PKH address
• kmzzhznpurw9sgl2v0nklu2g4d0keph5t7tj9tcqd8rexnd07ux4uv2cjvcqwaxgj7v4uwn5wmypjd5n69z2xm3xgksg28nwht7f6zsp: signature
• wp3f9t: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • b6c42b8a61e0dc5823ea63e76ff148ab5f6c86f45f9722af0069c7934daff70d5e315893300774c897995e3a7476c8193693d144a36e2645a0851e6ebafc9d0a hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 1 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e746232306d0b25fe64570d0e496dbd9f8b0d000dbb44824f751380da37c6dba89b14f6f92047d63f576e304021a000081018202830384048000810182028303840480008101820283038404808102421898b95ab2a7b341e47d8a34ace9a3e7181e5726538 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • 00c17b39642becc064615ef196a6cc0cce262f1d8dde7b3c23694aeeda473abe hex of SHA256 of the preimage

On mainnet, with fallback address 1RustyRX2oai4EYYDpQGWvEL62BBGqN9T with extra routing info to go via nodes 029e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255 then 039e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255

lnbc20m1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqsfpp3qjmp7lwpagxun9pygexvgpjdc4jdj85fr9yq20q82gphp2nflc7jtzrcazrra7wwgzxqc8u7754cdlpfrmccae92qgzqvzq2ps8pqqqqqqpqqqqq9qqqvpeuqafqxu92d8lr6fvg0r5gv0heeeqgcrqlnm6jhphu9y00rrhy4grqszsvpcgpy9qqqqqqgqqqqq7qqzqj9n4evl6mr5aj9f58zp6fyjzup6ywn3x6sk8akg5v4tgn2q8g4fhx05wf6juaxu9760yp46454gpg5mtzgerlzezqcqvjnhjh8z3g2qqdhhwkj

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• h: tagged field: hash of description...
• f: tagged field: fallback address
  • pp: data_length (p = 1; 1 * 32 + 1 == 33)
  • 3 = 17, so P2PKH address
  • qjmp7lwpagxun9pygexvgpjdc4jdj85f: 160-bit P2PKH address
• r: tagged field: route information
  • 9y: data_length (9 = 5, y = 4; 5 * 32 + 4 == 164)
    • q20q82gphp2nflc7jtzrcazrra7wwgzxqc8u7754cdlpfrmccae92qgzqvzq2ps8pqqqqqqpqqqqq9qqqvpeuqafqxu92d8lr6fvg0r5gv0heeeqgcrqlnm6jhphu9y00rrhy4grqszsvpcgpy9qqqqqqgqqqqq7qqzq:
      • pubkey: 029e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255
      • short_channel_id: 0102030405060708
      • fee_base_msat: 1 millisatoshi
      • fee_proportional_millionths: 20
      • cltv_expiry_delta: 3
      • pubkey: 039e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255
      • short_channel_id: 030405060708090a
      • fee_base_msat: 2 millisatoshi
      • fee_proportional_millionths: 30
      • cltv_expiry_delta: 4
• j9n4evl6mr5aj9f58zp6fyjzup6ywn3x6sk8akg5v4tgn2q8g4fhx05wf6juaxu9760yp46454gpg5mtzgerlzezqcqvjnhjh8z3g2qq: signature
• dhhwkj: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • 91675cb3fad8e9d915343883a49242e074474e26d42c7ed914655689a8074553733e8e4ea5ce9b85f69e40d755a55014536b12323f8b220600c94ef2b9c51428 hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332306d0b25fe64410d00004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c20240004080c1014181c202404082e1a1c92db7b3f161a001b7689049eea2701b46f8db7513629edf2408fac7eaedc60824218825b0fbee0f506e4ca122326620326e2b26c8f448ca4029e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255010203040506070800000001000000140003039e03a901b85534ff1e92c43c74431f7ce72046060fcf7a95c37e148f78c77255030405060708090a000000020000001e00040 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • ff68246c5ad4b48c90cf8ff3b33b5cea61e62f08d0e67910ffdce1edecade71b hex of SHA256 of the preimage

On mainnet, with fallback (P2SH) address 3EktnHQD7RiAE6uzMj2ZifT9YgRrkSgzQX

lnbc20m1pvjluezhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqspp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqfppj3a24vwu6r8ejrss3axul8rxldph2q7z9kmrgvr7xlaqm47apw3d48zm203kzcq357a4ls9al2ea73r8jcceyjtya6fu5wzzpe50zrge6ulk4nvjcpxlekvmxl6qcs9j3tz0469gq5g658y

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• h: tagged field: hash of description...
• p: payment hash...
• f: tagged field: fallback address
  • pp: data_length (p = 1; 1 * 32 + 1 == 33)
  • j = 18, so P2SH address
  • 3a24vwu6r8ejrss3axul8rxldph2q7z9: 160-bit P2SH address
• kmrgvr7xlaqm47apw3d48zm203kzcq357a4ls9al2ea73r8jcceyjtya6fu5wzzpe50zrge6ulk4nvjcpxlekvmxl6qcs9j3tz0469gq: signature
• 5g658y: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • b6c6860fc6ff41bafba1745b538b6a7c6c2c0234f76bf817bf567be88cf2c632492c9dd279470841cd1e21a33ae7ed59b25809bf9b3366fe81881651589f5d15 hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332306d0b25fe64570d0e496dbd9f8b0d000dbb44824f751380da37c6dba89b14f6f92047d63f576e304021a000081018202830384048000810182028303840480008101820283038404808102421947aaab1dcd0cf990e108f4dcf9c66fb437503c228 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • 64f1ff500bcc62a1b211cd6db84a1d93d1f77c6a132904465b6ff912420176be hex of SHA256 of the preimage

On mainnet, with fallback (P2WPKH) address bc1qw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7kv8f3t4

lnbc20m1pvjluezhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqspp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqfppqw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7kepvrhrm9s57hejg0p662ur5j5cr03890fa7k2pypgttmh4897d3raaq85a293e9jpuqwl0rnfuwzam7yr8e690nd2ypcq9hlkdwdvycqa0qza8

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• h: tagged field: hash of description...
• p: payment hash...
• f: tagged field: fallback address
  • pp: data_length (p = 1; 1 * 32 + 1 == 33)
  • q: 0, so witness version 0
  • w508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7k: 160 bits = P2WPKH.
• epvrhrm9s57hejg0p662ur5j5cr03890fa7k2pypgttmh4897d3raaq85a293e9jpuqwl0rnfuwzam7yr8e690nd2ypcq9hlkdwdvycq: signature
• a0qza8: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • c8583b8f65853d7cc90f0eb4ae0e92a606f89caf4f7d65048142d7bbd4e5f3623ef407a75458e4b20f00efbc734f1c2eefc419f3a2be6d51038016ffb35cd613 hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332306d0b25fe64570d0e496dbd9f8b0d000dbb44824f751380da37c6dba89b14f6f92047d63f576e304021a00008101820283038404800081018202830384048000810182028303840480810242103a8f3b740cc8cb6a2a4a0e22e8d9d191f8a19deb0 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • b3df27aaa01d891cc9de272e7609557bdf4bd6fd836775e4470502f71307b627 hex of SHA256 of the preimage

On mainnet, with fallback (P2WSH) address bc1qrp33g0q5c5txsp9arysrx4k6zdkfs4nce4xj0gdcccefvpysxf3qccfmv3

lnbc20m1pvjluezhp58yjmdan79s6qqdhdzgynm4zwqd5d7xmw5fk98klysy043l2ahrqspp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqfp4qrp33g0q5c5txsp9arysrx4k6zdkfs4nce4xj0gdcccefvpysxf3q28j0v3rwgy9pvjnd48ee2pl8xrpxysd5g44td63g6xcjcu003j3qe8878hluqlvl3km8rm92f5stamd3jw763n3hck0ct7p8wwj463cql26ava

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 20m: amount (20 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• h: tagged field: hash of description...
• p: payment hash...
• f: tagged field: fallback address
  • p4: data_length (p = 1, 4 = 21; 1 * 32 + 21 == 53)
  • q: 0, so witness version 0
  • rp33g0q5c5txsp9arysrx4k6zdkfs4nce4xj0gdcccefvpysxf3q: 260 bits = P2WSH.
• 28j0v3rwgy9pvjnd48ee2pl8xrpxysd5g44td63g6xcjcu003j3qe8878hluqlvl3km8rm92f5stamd3jw763n3hck0ct7p8wwj463cq: signature
• l26ava: Bech32 checksum
• Signature breakdown:
  • 51e4f6446e410a164a6da9f39507e730c26241b4456ab6ea28d1b12c71ef8ca20c9cfe3dffc07d9f8db671ecaa4d20beedb193bda8ce37c59f85f82773a55d47 hex of signature data (32-byte r, 32-byte s)
  • 0 (int) recovery flag contained in signature
  • 6c6e626332306d0b25fe64570d0e496dbd9f8b0d000dbb44824f751380da37c6dba89b14f6f92047d63f576e304021a00008101820283038404800081018202830384048000810182028303840480810243500c318a1e0a628b34025e8c9019ab6d09b64c2b3c66a693d0dc63194b02481931000 hex of data for signing (prefix + data after separator up to the start of the signature)
  • 399a8b167029fda8564fd2e99912236b0b8017e7d17e416ae17307812c92cf42 hex of SHA256 of the preimage

Please send $30 for coffee beans to the same peer, which supports features 1 and 9

lnbc25m1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqdq5vdhkven9v5sxyetpdees9qzsze992adudgku8p05pstl6zh7av6rx2f297pv89gu5q93a0hf3g7lynl3xq56t23dpvah6u7y9qey9lccrdml3gaqwc6nxsl5ktzm464sq73t7cl

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 25m: amount (25 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• d: short description
  • q5: data_length (q = 0, 5 = 20; 0 * 32 + 20 == 20)
  • vdhkven9v5sxyetpdees: 'coffee beans'
• 9: features
  • qz: data_length (q = 0, z = 2; 0 * 32 + 2 == 2)
  • sz: b1000000010
• e992adudgku8p05pstl6zh7av6rx2f297pv89gu5q93a0hf3g7lynl3xq56t23dpvah6u7y9qey9lccrdml3gaqwc6nxsl5ktzm464sq: signature
• 73t7cl: Bech32 checksum

Same, but using invalid unknown feature 100

lnbc25m1pvjluezpp5qqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqqqsyqcyq5rqwzqfqypqdq5vdhkven9v5sxyetpdees9q4pqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqszk3ed62snp73037h4py4gry05eltlp0uezm2w9ajnerhmxzhzhsu40g9mgyx5v3ad4aqwkmvyftzk4k9zenz90mhjcy9hcevc7r3lx2sphzfxz7

Breakdown:

• lnbc: prefix, Lightning on Bitcoin mainnet
• 25m: amount (25 milli-bitcoin)
• 1: Bech32 separator
• pvjluez: timestamp (1496314658)
• p: payment hash...
• d: short description
  • q5: data_length (q = 0, 5 = 20; 0 * 32 + 20 == 20)
  • vdhkven9v5sxyetpdees: 'coffee beans'
• 9: features
  • q4: data_length (q = 0, 4 = 21; 0 * 32 + 21 == 21)
  • pqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqsz: b00001...(90 zeroes)...1000000010
• k3ed62snp73037h4py4gry05eltlp0uezm2w9ajnerhmxzhzhsu40g9mgyx5v3ad4aqwkmvyftzk4k9zenz90mhjcy9hcevc7r3lx2sp: signature
• hzfxz7: Bech32 checksum

Authors

[ FIXME: ]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.