refactor(docker): 精简并优化Docker配置

重构所有Dockerfile配置，删除冗余文件并优化国内镜像设置。主要变更包括：
- 删除7个冗余Dockerfile，保留优化后的国内版和最小化版本
- 统一使用阿里云镜像源和USTC Rust镜像
- 简化构建流程，移除不必要的cargo-chef阶段
- 优化健康检查和运行时配置

新增部署脚本和指南，支持1Panel环境一键部署

Author: ExquisiteCore

DEPLOYMENT-GUIDE.md

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-# 极简版 Rust 后端 Dockerfile - 针对国内网络优化
-FROM rust:1.86.0-slim AS chef
+# 国内网络优化版 Rust 后端 Dockerfile
+FROM rust:1.86.0-slim AS builder
 
-# 完全替换为阿里云镜像源
-RUN sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org|http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    sed -i 's|http://security.debian.org|http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+# 完全替换为阿里云APT镜像源
+RUN rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list && \
     echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
+    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
 
-# 配置最优Rust镜像源
+# 配置Rust镜像源和网络超时
 ENV CARGO_NET_RETRY=3
 ENV CARGO_NET_TIMEOUT=60
 ENV CARGO_HTTP_TIMEOUT=60
@@ -23,69 +22,56 @@ RUN mkdir -p ~/.cargo && \
     echo 'timeout = 60' >> ~/.cargo/config.toml
 
 # 安装系统依赖
-RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     pkg-config \
     libssl-dev \
     ca-certificates \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# 安装cargo-chef
-RUN cargo install cargo-chef --timeout 300
-
 WORKDIR /app
 
-FROM chef AS planner
-COPY . .
-RUN cargo chef prepare --recipe-path recipe.json
-
-FROM chef AS builder
-COPY --from=planner /app/recipe.json recipe.json
-
-# 构建依赖
-RUN cargo chef cook --release --recipe-path recipe.json
-
 # 复制源码并构建
 COPY . .
 RUN cargo build --release
 
 # 运行时阶段
 FROM debian:bookworm-slim AS runtime
 
-# 完全替换为阿里云镜像源
-RUN sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org|http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    sed -i 's|http://security.debian.org|http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+# 配置阿里云APT镜像源
+RUN rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list && \
     echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
-    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
+    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+    echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
 
 # 安装运行时依赖
-RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-    apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     ca-certificates \
     libssl3 \
     curl \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# 创建用户
+# 创建非root用户
 RUN groupadd -r bloguser && useradd -r -g bloguser bloguser
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
-# 复制二进制文件
+# 复制二进制文件和配置
 COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/backend /app/backend
 COPY --from=builder /app/config.docker.toml /app/config.toml
 
+# 设置所有权
 RUN chown -R bloguser:bloguser /app
 USER bloguser
 
 EXPOSE 8080
 
+# 健康检查
 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=60s --retries=3 \
     CMD curl -f http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
 
 CMD ["./backend"]
 
+# 生产环境标签
 FROM runtime AS production
 ENV RUST_LOG=info
 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=0