QuickFindUF.java

//Create a UF class
public class QuickFindUF {
    private int[] id;    // id[i] = component identifier of i
    private int count;   // number of components

    /**
     * Initializes an empty union-find data structure with
     * {@code n} elements {@code 0} through {@code n-1}.
     * Initially, each element is in its own set.
     *
     * @param  n the number of elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code n < 0}
     */
    public QuickFindUF(int n) {
        count = n;
        id = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            id[i] = i;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of sets.
     *
     * @return the number of sets (between {@code 1} and {@code n})
     */
    public int count() {
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the canonical element of the set containing element {@code p}.
     *
     * @param  p an element
     * @return the canonical element of the set containing {@code p}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException unless {@code 0 <= p < n}
     */
    public int find(int p) {
        validate(p);
        return id[p];
    }

    // validate that p is a valid index
    private void validate(int p) {
        int n = id.length;
        if (p < 0 || p >= n) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("index " + p + " is not between 0 and " + (n-1));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the two elements are in the same set.
     *
     * @param  p one element
     * @param  q the other element
     * @return {@code true} if {@code p} and {@code q} are in the same set;
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException unless
     *         both {@code 0 <= p < n} and {@code 0 <= q < n}
     * @deprecated Replace with two calls to {@link #find(int)}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public boolean connected(int p, int q) {
        validate(p);
        validate(q);
        return id[p] == id[q];
    }

    /**
     * Merges the set containing element {@code p} with the
     * the set containing element {@code q}.
     *
     * @param  p one element
     * @param  q the other element
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException unless
     *         both {@code 0 <= p < n} and {@code 0 <= q < n}
     */
    public void union(int p, int q) {
        validate(p);
        validate(q);
        int pID = id[p];   // needed for correctness
        int qID = id[q];   // to reduce the number of array accesses

        // p and q are already in the same component
        if (pID == qID) return;

        for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++)
            if (id[i] == pID) id[i] = qID;
        count--;
    }

    /**
     * Reads an integer {@code n} and a sequence of pairs of integers
     * (between {@code 0} and {@code n-1}) from standard input, where each integer
     * in the pair represents some element;
     * if the elements are in different sets, merge the two sets
     * and print the pair to standard output.
     *
     * @param args the command-line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int n = StdIn.readInt();
        QuickFindUF uf = new QuickFindUF(n);
        while (!StdIn.isEmpty()) {
            int p = StdIn.readInt();
            int q = StdIn.readInt();
            if (uf.find(p) == uf.find(q)) continue;
            uf.union(p, q);
            StdOut.println(p + " " + q);
        }
        StdOut.println(uf.count() + " components");
    }

}