c_cxx.cpp

//____________________________________________________________
//
//		PROGRAM:	C preprocess
//		MODULE:		c_cxx.cpp
//		DESCRIPTION:	C and C++ code generator
//
//  The contents of this file are subject to the Interbase Public
//  License Version 1.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
//  except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
//  of the License at http://www.Inprise.com/IPL.html
//
//  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an
//  "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express
//  or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
//  rights and limitations under the License.
//
//  The Original Code was created by Inprise Corporation
//  and its predecessors. Portions created by Inprise Corporation are
//  Copyright (C) Inprise Corporation.
//
//  All Rights Reserved.
//  Contributor(s): ______________________________________.16/09/2003
//  TMN (Mike Nordell) 11.APR.2001 - Reduce compiler warnings
//
// 2002.10.28 Sean Leyne - Code cleanup, removed obsolete "DecOSF" port
//
//
//____________________________________________________________
//
//

#include "firebird.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "ibase.h"
#include "../gpre/gpre.h"
#include "../gpre/pat.h"
#include "../gpre/msc_proto.h"
#include "../gpre/cmp_proto.h"
#include "../gpre/gpre_proto.h"
#include "../gpre/lang_proto.h"
#include "../gpre/pat_proto.h"
#include "../common/prett_proto.h"
#include "../yvalve/gds_proto.h"
#include "../common/utils_proto.h"


static void align(int);
static void asgn_from(const act*, ref*, int);
static void asgn_to(const act*, ref*, int);
static void asgn_to_proc(const ref*, int);
static void gen_any(const act*, int);
static void gen_at_end(const act*, int);
static void gen_based(const act*, int);
static void gen_blob_close(const act*, USHORT);
static void gen_blob_end(const act*, USHORT);
static void gen_blob_for(const act*, USHORT);
static void gen_blob_open(const act*, USHORT);
static void gen_blr(void*, SSHORT, const char*);
static void gen_clear_handles(int);
static void gen_compatibility_symbol(const TEXT*, const TEXT*, const TEXT*);
static void gen_compile(const act*, int);
static void gen_create_database(const act*, int);
static int gen_cursor_close(const act*, const gpre_req*, int);
static void gen_cursor_init(const act*, int);
static int gen_cursor_open(const act*, const gpre_req*, int);
static void gen_database(int);
static void gen_ddl(const act*, int);
static void gen_drop_database(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_close(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_declare(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_describe(const act*, int, bool);
static void gen_dyn_execute(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_fetch(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_immediate(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_insert(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_open(const act*, int);
static void gen_dyn_prepare(const act*, int);
static void gen_emodify(const act*, int);
static void gen_estore(const act*, int);
static void gen_endfor(const act*, int);
static void gen_erase(const act*, int);
static SSHORT gen_event_block(act*);
static void gen_event_init(const act*, int);
static void gen_event_wait(const act*, int);
static void gen_fetch(const act*, int);
static void gen_finish(const act*, int);
static void gen_for(const act*, int);
static void gen_function(const act*, int);
static void gen_get_or_put_slice(const act*, const ref*, bool, int);
static void gen_get_segment(const act*, int);
static void gen_loop(const act*, int);
static TEXT* gen_name(char* const, const ref*, bool);
static void gen_on_error(const act*, USHORT);
static void gen_procedure(const act*, int);
static void gen_put_segment(const act*, int);
static void gen_raw(const UCHAR*, int);
static void gen_ready(const act*, int);
static void gen_receive(const act*, int, const gpre_port*);
static void gen_release(const act*, int);
static void gen_request(const gpre_req*);
static void gen_return_value(const act*, int);
static void gen_routine(const act*, int);
static void gen_s_end(const act*, int);
static void gen_s_fetch(const act*, int);
static void gen_s_start(const act*, int);
static void gen_segment(const act*, int);
static void gen_select(const act*, int);
static void gen_send(const act*, const gpre_port*, int);
static void gen_slice(const act*, const ref*, int);
static void gen_start(const act*, const gpre_port*, int, bool);
static void gen_store(const act*, int);
static void gen_t_start(const act*, int);
static void gen_tpb(const tpb*, int);
static void gen_trans(const act*, int);
static void gen_type(const act*, int);
static void gen_update(const act*, int);
static void gen_variable(const act*, int);
static void gen_whenever(const swe*, int);
static void make_array_declaration(ref*);
static TEXT* make_name(TEXT* const, const gpre_sym*);
static void make_ok_test(const act*, const gpre_req*, int);
static void make_port(const gpre_port*, int);
static void make_ready(const gpre_dbb*, const TEXT*, const TEXT*, USHORT, const gpre_req*);
static void printa(int, const char*, ...) ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(2,3);
static void printb(const TEXT*, ...) ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(1,2);
static const TEXT* request_trans(const act*, const gpre_req*);
static const TEXT* status_vector(const act*);
static void t_start_auto(const act*, const gpre_req*, const TEXT*, int, bool);

static bool global_first_flag = false;
static const TEXT* global_status_name = 0;

constexpr int INDENT = 3;

static constexpr const char* NULL_STRING	= "(char*) 0";
static constexpr const char* NULL_STATUS	= "NULL";
static constexpr const char* NULL_SQLDA		= "NULL";

static constexpr const char* GDS_INCLUDE	= "<ibase.h>";

static constexpr const char* DCL_LONG	= "ISC_LONG";
static constexpr const char* DCL_QUAD	= "ISC_QUAD";

static inline void begin(const int column)
{
	printa(column, "{");
}

static inline void endp(const int column)
{
	printa(column, "}");
}

static inline void set_sqlcode(const act* action, const int column)
{
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		printa(column, "SQLCODE = isc_sqlcode(%s);", global_status_name);
}

//____________________________________________________________
//
//

void C_CXX_action(const act* action, int column)
{

	global_status_name = "isc_status";

	// Put leading braces where required

	switch (action->act_type)
	{
	case ACT_alter_database:
	case ACT_alter_domain:
	case ACT_alter_index:
	case ACT_alter_table:
	case ACT_blob_close:
	case ACT_blob_create:
	case ACT_blob_for:
	case ACT_blob_open:
	case ACT_clear_handles:
	case ACT_close:
	case ACT_commit:
	case ACT_commit_retain_context:
	case ACT_create_database:
	case ACT_create_domain:
	case ACT_create_generator:
	case ACT_create_index:
	case ACT_create_shadow:
	case ACT_create_table:
	case ACT_create_view:
	case ACT_declare_filter:
	case ACT_declare_udf:
	case ACT_disconnect:
	case ACT_drop_database:
	case ACT_drop_domain:
	case ACT_drop_filter:
	case ACT_drop_index:
	case ACT_drop_shadow:
	case ACT_drop_table:
	case ACT_drop_udf:
	case ACT_drop_view:
	case ACT_dyn_close:
	case ACT_dyn_cursor:
	case ACT_dyn_describe:
	case ACT_dyn_describe_input:
	case ACT_dyn_execute:
	case ACT_dyn_fetch:
	case ACT_dyn_grant:
	case ACT_dyn_immediate:
	case ACT_dyn_insert:
	case ACT_dyn_open:
	case ACT_dyn_prepare:
	case ACT_dyn_revoke:
	case ACT_fetch:
	case ACT_finish:
	case ACT_for:
	case ACT_get_segment:
	case ACT_get_slice:
	case ACT_insert:
	case ACT_loop:
	case ACT_modify:
	case ACT_open:
	case ACT_prepare:
	case ACT_procedure:
	case ACT_put_slice:
	case ACT_ready:
	case ACT_release:
	case ACT_rfinish:
	case ACT_rollback:
	case ACT_rollback_retain_context:
	case ACT_s_fetch:
	case ACT_s_start:
	case ACT_select:
	case ACT_store:
	case ACT_start:
	case ACT_update:
	case ACT_statistics:
		begin(column);
		break;

	default:
		break;
	}

	switch (action->act_type)
	{
	case ACT_alter_database:
	case ACT_alter_domain:
	case ACT_alter_index:
	case ACT_alter_table:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_any:
		gen_any(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_at_end:
		gen_at_end(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_b_declare:
		gen_database(column);
		gen_routine(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_basedon:
		gen_based(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_blob_cancel:
		gen_blob_close(action, (USHORT) column);
		return;
	case ACT_blob_close:
		gen_blob_close(action, (USHORT) column);
		break;
	case ACT_blob_create:
		gen_blob_open(action, (USHORT) column);
		break;
	case ACT_blob_for:
		gen_blob_for(action, (USHORT) column);
		return;
	case ACT_blob_handle:
		gen_segment(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_blob_open:
		gen_blob_open(action, (USHORT) column);
		break;
	case ACT_clear_handles:
		gen_clear_handles(column);
		break;
	case ACT_close:
		gen_s_end(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_commit:
		gen_trans(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_commit_retain_context:
		gen_trans(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_create_database:
		gen_create_database(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_create_domain:
	case ACT_create_generator:
	case ACT_create_index:
	case ACT_create_shadow:
	case ACT_create_table:
	case ACT_create_view:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_cursor:
		gen_cursor_init(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_database:
		gen_database(column);
		return;
	case ACT_declare_filter:
	case ACT_declare_udf:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_disconnect:
		gen_finish(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_drop_database:
		gen_drop_database(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_drop_domain:
	case ACT_drop_filter:
	case ACT_drop_index:
	case ACT_drop_shadow:
	case ACT_drop_table:
	case ACT_drop_udf:
	case ACT_drop_view:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_close:
		gen_dyn_close(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_cursor:
		gen_dyn_declare(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_describe:
		gen_dyn_describe(action, column, false);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_describe_input:
		gen_dyn_describe(action, column, true);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_execute:
		gen_dyn_execute(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_fetch:
		gen_dyn_fetch(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_grant:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_immediate:
		gen_dyn_immediate(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_insert:
		gen_dyn_insert(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_open:
		gen_dyn_open(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_prepare:
		gen_dyn_prepare(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_dyn_revoke:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_endblob:
		gen_blob_end(action, (USHORT) column);
		return;
	case ACT_enderror:
		column += INDENT;
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
		break;
	case ACT_endfor:
		gen_endfor(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_endmodify:
		gen_emodify(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_endstore:
		gen_estore(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_erase:
		gen_erase(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_event_init:
		gen_event_init(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_event_wait:
		gen_event_wait(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_fetch:
		gen_fetch(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_finish:
		gen_finish(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_for:
		gen_for(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_function:
		gen_function(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_get_segment:
		gen_get_segment(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_get_slice:
		gen_slice(action, 0, column);
		break;
	case ACT_hctef:
		endp(column);
		break;
	case ACT_insert:
		gen_s_start(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_loop:
		gen_loop(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_on_error:
		gen_on_error(action, (USHORT) column);
		return;
	case ACT_open:
		gen_s_start(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_prepare:
		gen_trans(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_procedure:
		gen_procedure(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_put_segment:
		gen_put_segment(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_put_slice:
		gen_slice(action, 0, column);
		break;
	case ACT_ready:
		gen_ready(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_release:
		gen_release(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_rfinish:
		gen_finish(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_rollback:
		gen_trans(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_rollback_retain_context:
		gen_trans(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_routine:
		gen_routine(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_s_end:
		gen_s_end(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_s_fetch:
		gen_s_fetch(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_s_start:
		gen_s_start(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_segment:
		gen_segment(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_segment_length:
		gen_segment(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_select:
		gen_select(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_sql_dialect:
		gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect = ((set_dialect*) action->act_object)->sdt_dialect;
		return;
	case ACT_start:
		gen_t_start(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_statistics:
		gen_ddl(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_store:
		gen_store(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_store2:
		gen_return_value(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_type_number:
		gen_type(action, column);
		return;
	case ACT_update:
		gen_update(action, column);
		break;
	case ACT_variable:
		gen_variable(action, column);
		return;
	default:
		return;
	}

	// Put in a trailing brace for those actions still with us

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		gen_whenever(action->act_whenever, column);

	if (action->act_error)
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ";");
	else
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Align output to a specific column for output.  If the
//		column is negative, don't do anything.
//

static void align( int column)
{
	if (column < 0)
		return;

	putc('\n', gpreGlob.out_file);

	for (int i = column / 8; i; --i)
		putc('\t', gpreGlob.out_file);

	for (int i = column % 8; i; --i)
		putc(' ', gpreGlob.out_file);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Build an assignment from a host language variable to
//		a port variable.   The string assignments are a little
//		hairy because the normal mode is varying (null
//		terminated) strings, but the fixed subtype makes the
//		string a byte stream.  Furthering the complication, a
//		single character byte stream is handled as a single byte,
//		meaining that it is the byte, not the address of the
//		byte.
//

static void asgn_from( const act* action, ref* reference, int column)
{
	TEXT name[MAX_REF_SIZE], variable[MAX_REF_SIZE], temp[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	for (; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
		bool slice_flag = false;
		const gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
		if (field->fld_array_info)
		{
		    act* slice_action;
		    ref* source = reference->ref_friend;
			if (source && (slice_action = (act*) source->ref_slice) && slice_action->act_object)
			{
				slice_flag = true;
				slice_action->act_type = ACT_put_slice;
				gen_slice(slice_action, 0, column);
			}
			else if (!(reference->ref_flags & REF_array_elem))
			{
				printa(column, "%s = isc_blob_null;", gen_name(name, reference, true));
				gen_get_or_put_slice(action, reference, false, column);
				continue;
			}
		}
		if (!reference->ref_source && !reference->ref_value && !slice_flag)
			continue;
		align(column);
		gen_name(variable, reference, true);
		const TEXT* value;
		if (slice_flag)
			value = gen_name(temp, reference->ref_friend, true);
		else if (reference->ref_source)
			value = gen_name(temp, reference->ref_source, true);
		else
			value = reference->ref_value;

		if (!slice_flag && reference->ref_value && (reference->ref_flags & REF_array_elem))
		{
			field = field->fld_array;
		}
		if (field && field->fld_dtype <= dtype_cstring)
		{
			if (field->fld_sub_type == 1)
				if (field->fld_length == 1)
					fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", variable, value);
				else
					fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d);", value,
							   value, variable, field->fld_length);
			else if (field->fld_flags & FLD_dbkey)
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, %d);", value,
						   field->fld_length, variable, field->fld_length);
			else if (gpreGlob.sw_cstring)
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, isLangCpp(gpreGlob.sw_language) ?
							"isc_vtov ((const char*) %s, (char*) %s, %d);" :
							"isc_vtov ((char*) %s, (char*) %s, %d);",
						value, variable, field->fld_length);
			else if (reference->ref_source)
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, sizeof(%s), %s, %d);",
						   value, value, variable, field->fld_length);
			else
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_vtof (%s, %s, %d);",
						   value, variable, field->fld_length);
		}
		else if (!reference->ref_master || (reference->ref_flags & REF_literal))
		{
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", variable, value);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "if (%s < 0)", value);
			align(column + 4);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = -1;", variable);
			align(column);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "else");
			align(column + 4);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = 0;", variable);
		}
	}
}

//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Build an assignment to a host language variable from
//		a port variable.
//

static void asgn_to( const act* action, ref* reference, int column)
{
	char s[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	ref* source = reference->ref_friend;
	const gpre_fld* field = source->ref_field;

	if (field)
	{
	    act* slice_action;
		if (field->fld_array_info && (slice_action = (act*) source->ref_slice))
		{
			source->ref_value = reference->ref_value;
			if (slice_action->act_object)
			{
				slice_action->act_type = ACT_get_slice;
				gen_slice(slice_action, source, column);
			}
			else
				gen_get_or_put_slice(action, source, true, column);

			// Pick up NULL value if one is there

			if ((reference = reference->ref_null))
			{
				align(column);
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value,
						gen_name(s, reference, true));
			}
			return;
		}

		gen_name(s, source, true);
		if (field->fld_dtype > dtype_cstring)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, s);
		else if (field->fld_sub_type == 1 && field->fld_length == 1)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, s);
		else if (field->fld_flags & FLD_dbkey)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, %d);",
					s, field->fld_length, reference->ref_value, field->fld_length);
		else if (!gpreGlob.sw_cstring || field->fld_sub_type == 1)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, sizeof(%s));",
					s, field->fld_length, reference->ref_value, reference->ref_value);
		else
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, isLangCpp(gpreGlob.sw_language) ?
						"isc_vtov ((const char*) %s, (char*) %s, sizeof(%s));" :
						"isc_vtov ((char*) %s, (char*) %s, sizeof(%s));",
					s, reference->ref_value, reference->ref_value);
	}

	// Pick up NULL value if one is there

	if ((reference = reference->ref_null))
	{
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, gen_name(s, reference, true));
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Build an assignment to a host language variable from
//		a port variable.
//

static void asgn_to_proc(const ref* reference, int column)
{
	char s[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	for (; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
		if (!reference->ref_value)
			continue;
		const gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
		gen_name(s, reference, true);
		align(column);

		if (field->fld_dtype > dtype_cstring)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, s);
		else if (field->fld_sub_type == 1 && field->fld_length == 1)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, s);
		else if (field->fld_flags & FLD_dbkey)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, %d);",
					s, field->fld_length, reference->ref_value, field->fld_length);
		else if (!gpreGlob.sw_cstring || field->fld_sub_type == 1)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, sizeof(%s));",
					s, field->fld_length, reference->ref_value, reference->ref_value);
		else
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, isLangCpp(gpreGlob.sw_language) ?
						"isc_vtov ((const char*) %s, (char*) %s, sizeof(%s));" :
						"isc_vtov ((char*) %s, (char*) %s, sizeof(%s));",
					s, reference->ref_value, reference->ref_value);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a function call for free standing ANY.  Somebody else
//		will need to generate the actual function.
//

static void gen_any( const act* action, int column)
{
	align(column);
	gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s_r (&%s, &%s",
			request->req_handle, request->req_handle, request->req_trans);

	gpre_port* port = request->req_vport;
	if (port)
		for (ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ", %s", reference->ref_value);
		}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ")");
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate code for AT END clause of FETCH.
//

static void gen_at_end( const act* action, int column)
{
	char s[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	printa(column, "if (!%s) {", gen_name(s, request->req_eof, true));
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Substitute for a BASED ON <field name> clause.
//

static void gen_based( const act* action, int column)
{
	USHORT datatype;
	SLONG length = -1;

	align(column);
	bas* based_on = (bas*) action->act_object;
	const gpre_fld* field = based_on->bas_field;

	if (based_on->bas_flags & BAS_segment)
	{
		datatype = gpreGlob.sw_cstring ? dtype_cstring : dtype_text;
		if (!(length = field->fld_seg_length))
			length = 256;
		if (datatype == dtype_cstring)
			length++;
	}
	else if (field->fld_array_info)
		datatype = field->fld_array_info->ary_dtype;
	else
		datatype = field->fld_dtype;

	switch (datatype)
	{
	case dtype_short:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "short");
		break;

	case dtype_long:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, DCL_LONG);
		break;

	case dtype_quad:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, DCL_QUAD);
		break;

	// Begin date/time/timestamp
	case dtype_sql_date:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "ISC_DATE");
		break;

	case dtype_sql_time:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "ISC_TIME");
		break;

	case dtype_timestamp:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "ISC_TIMESTAMP");
		break;
	// End date/time/timestamp

	case dtype_int64:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "ISC_INT64");
		break;

	case dtype_blob:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "ISC_QUAD");
		break;

	case dtype_cstring:
	case dtype_text:
	case dtype_varying:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "char");
		break;

	case dtype_real:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "float");
		break;

	case dtype_double:
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "double");
		break;

	default:
		{
			TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];
			snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "datatype %d unknown\n", field->fld_dtype);
			CPR_error(s);
			return;
		}
	}

	// print the first variable, then precede the rest with commas

	column += INDENT;

	// Notice this variable was named first_flag, same than the global variable.
	bool first = true;

	while (based_on->bas_variables)
	{
		const TEXT* variable = (TEXT*) MSC_pop(&based_on->bas_variables);
		if (!first)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ",");
		first = false;
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s", variable);
		if (based_on->bas_flags & BAS_segment)
		{
			if (*variable != '*')
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "[%" SLONGFORMAT"]", length);
		}
		else if (field->fld_array_info)
		{
			// Print out the dimension part of the declaration

			for (const dim* dimension = field->fld_array_info->ary_dimension;
				dimension; dimension = dimension->dim_next)
			{
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " [%" SLONGFORMAT"]", dimension->dim_upper - dimension->dim_lower + 1);
			}

			if (field->fld_array_info->ary_dtype <= dtype_varying && field->fld_length > 1)
			{
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " [%d]", field->fld_array->fld_length);
			}
		}
		else
			if (*variable != '*' && field->fld_dtype <= dtype_varying &&
				(field->fld_sub_type != 1 || field->fld_length > 1))
			{
				// *???????
				//if (*variable != '*' && field->fld_dtype <= dtype_varying &&
				//	field->fld_length > 1)
				//
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "[%d]", field->fld_length);
			}
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s\n", based_on->bas_terminator);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Make a blob FOR loop.
//

static void gen_blob_close( const act* action, USHORT column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "isc_%IFcancel%ELclose%EN_blob (%V1, &%BH);";

	if (action->act_error)
		begin(column);

	const blb* blob;
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		column = gen_cursor_close(action, action->act_request, column);
		blob = (blb*) action->act_request->req_blobs;
	}
	else
		blob = (blb*) action->act_object;

	PAT args;
	args.pat_blob = blob;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_condition = (action->act_type == ACT_blob_cancel);
	PATTERN_expand(column, pattern1, &args);

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		End a blob FOR loop.
//

static void gen_blob_end( const act* action, USHORT column)
{
	PAT args;
	TEXT s1[32];
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "}\n\
isc_close_blob (%V1, &%BH);\n\
}";

	args.pat_blob = (const blb*) action->act_object;
	if (action->act_error)
	{
		snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "%s2", global_status_name);
		args.pat_vector1 = s1;
	}
	else
		args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(0);
	args.pat_condition = (action->act_type == ACT_blob_cancel);
	PATTERN_expand(column, pattern1, &args);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Make a blob FOR loop.
//

static void gen_blob_for( const act* action, USHORT column)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "%IFif (!%S1 [1]) {\n\
%ENwhile (1)\n\
   {";

	gen_blob_open(action, column);
	args.pat_condition = (action->act_error != NULL);
	args.pat_string1 = global_status_name;
	PATTERN_expand(column, pattern1, &args);
	column += INDENT;
	gen_get_segment(action, column);
	printa(column, "if (%s [1] && (%s [1] != isc_segment)) break;",
		   global_status_name, global_status_name);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the call to open (or create) a blob.
//

static void gen_blob_open( const act* action, USHORT column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"isc_%IFcreate%ELopen%EN_blob2 (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%BH, &%FR, (short) %N1, %I1);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 =
		"isc_%IFcreate%ELopen%EN_blob2 (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%BH, &%FR, (short) 0, (%IFchar%ELunsigned char%EN*) 0);";

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto && (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
	{
		t_start_auto(action, action->act_request, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", request_trans(action, action->act_request));
		column += INDENT;
	}

	if ((action->act_error && (action->act_type != ACT_blob_for)) || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
	{
		begin(column);
	}

	TEXT s[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	const blb* blob;
	const ref* reference;
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		column = gen_cursor_open(action, action->act_request, column);
		blob = (blb*) action->act_request->req_blobs;
		reference = ((const open_cursor*) action->act_object)->opn_using;
		gen_name(s, reference, true);
	}
	else
	{
		blob = (blb*) action->act_object;
		reference = blob->blb_reference;
	}

	PAT args;
	args.pat_condition = (action->act_type == ACT_blob_create);	// open or create blob
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);	// status vector
	args.pat_database = blob->blb_request->req_database;	// database handle
	args.pat_request = blob->blb_request;	// transaction handle
	args.pat_blob = blob;		// blob handle
	args.pat_reference = reference;	// blob identifier
	args.pat_ident1 = blob->blb_bpb_ident;

	if ((action->act_flags & ACT_sql) && action->act_type == ACT_blob_open)
	{
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", s, reference->ref_value);
	}

	if ((args.pat_value1 = blob->blb_bpb_length))
		PATTERN_expand(column, pattern1, &args);
	else
		PATTERN_expand(column, pattern2, &args);

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
		endp(column);
		if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
			column -= INDENT;
		set_sqlcode(action, column);
		if (action->act_type == ACT_blob_create)
		{
			printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE)");
			align(column + INDENT);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", reference->ref_value, s);
		}
	}
	else if ((action->act_error && (action->act_type != ACT_blob_for)))
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Callback routine for BLR pretty printer.
//

static void gen_blr(void* /*user_arg*/, SSHORT /*offset*/, const char* string)
{
	char line[256];

	int indent = 2 * INDENT;
	const char* p = string;
	while (*p == ' ')
	{
		p++;
		indent++;
	}

	// Limit indentation to 192 characters

	indent = MIN(indent, 192);

	bool first_line = true;
	int length = static_cast<int>(strlen(p));
	do {
		const char* q;
		if (length + indent > 255)
		{
			// if we did not find somewhere to break between the 200th and 256th
			// character just print out 256 characters

			bool open_quote = false;
			for (q = p; (q - p + indent) < 255; q++)
			{
				if ((q - p + indent) > 220 && *q == ',' && !open_quote)
					break;
				if (*q == '\'' && *(q - 1) != '\\')
					open_quote = !open_quote;
			}
			++q;
		}
		else {
			q = p + strlen(p);
		}

		// Replace all occurrences of gds__ (or gds__) with isc_

		char* q1 = line;
		for (const char* p1 = p; p1 < q;)
		{
			if ((*q1++ = *p1++) == 'g')
			{
				if (p1 < q && (*q1++ = *p1++) == 'd')
				{
					if (p1 < q && (*q1++ = *p1++) == 's')
					{
						if (p1 < q && (*q1++ = *p1++) == '_')
						{
							char d = 0;
							if (p1 < q && ((d = *p1++) == '_' || d == '$'))
								memcpy(q1 - 4, "isc", 3);
							else if (d)
								*q1++ = d;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		*q1 = 0;
		printa(indent, "%s", line);
		length = length - (q - p);
		p = q;
		if (first_line)
		{
			indent = MIN(indent + INDENT, 192);
			first_line = false;
		}
	} while (length > 0);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Zap all know handles.
//

static void gen_clear_handles(int column)
{
	for (gpre_req* request = gpreGlob.requests; request; request = request->req_next)
	{
		if (!(request->req_flags & REQ_exp_hand))
			printa(column, "%s = 0;", request->req_handle);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a symbol to ease compatibility with V3.
//

static void gen_compatibility_symbol(const TEXT* symbol,
									 const TEXT* v4_prefix, const TEXT* trailer)
{
	const char* v3_prefix = isLangCpp(gpreGlob.sw_language) ? "gds_" : "gds__";
    //	v3_prefix = gpreGlob.sw_language == lang_cxx ? "gds_" : "gds__";

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "#define %s%s\t%s%s%s\n", v3_prefix, symbol,
			v4_prefix, symbol, trailer);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text to compile a request.
//

static void gen_compile( const act* action, int column)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"isc_compile_request%IF2%EN (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%DH, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%RH, (short) sizeof(%RI), (char*) %RI);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "if (!%RH%IF && %S1%EN)";

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	args.pat_request = request;
	const gpre_dbb* db = request->req_database;
	args.pat_database = db;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_string1 = request_trans(action, request);
	args.pat_condition = (gpreGlob.sw_auto && (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)));

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		t_start_auto(action, request, status_vector(action), column, true);

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern2, &args);

	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);

	args.pat_condition = !(request->req_flags & REQ_exp_hand);
	args.pat_value1 = request->req_length;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
	endp(column);
	column -= INDENT;

	// If blobs are present, zero out all of the blob handles.  After this
	// point, the handles are the user's responsibility

	const blb* blob = request->req_blobs;
	if (blob)
	{
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n");
		align(column - INDENT);
		for (; blob; blob = blob->blb_next)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_%d = ", blob->blb_ident);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "0;");
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a call to create a database.
//

static void gen_create_database( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"isc_create_database (%V1, %N1, \"%DF\", &%DH, %IF%S1, %S2%EL(short) 0, (char*) 0%EN, 0);";
	TEXT s1[32], s2[32], trname[32];

	const gpre_req* request = ((const mdbb*) action->act_object)->mdbb_dpb_request;
	const gpre_dbb* db = request->req_database;

	snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "isc_%dl", request->req_ident);
	snprintf(trname, sizeof(trname), "isc_%dt", request->req_ident);

	if (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
	{
		snprintf(s2, sizeof(s2), "isc_%dp", request->req_ident);
		if (request->req_length)
			printa(column, "%s = isc_%d;", s2, request->req_ident);
		else
			printa(column, "%s = (char*) 0;", s2);

		printa(column,
			   "isc_expand_dpb (&%s, &%s, isc_dpb_user_name, %s, isc_dpb_password, %s, isc_dpb_sql_role_name, %s, isc_dpb_lc_messages, %s, isc_dpb_lc_ctype, %s, 0);",
			   s2, s1,
			   db->dbb_r_user ? db->dbb_r_user : "(char*) 0",
			   db->dbb_r_password ? db->dbb_r_password : "(char*) 0",
			   db->dbb_r_sql_role ? db->dbb_r_sql_role : "(char*) 0",
			   db->dbb_r_lc_messages ? db->dbb_r_lc_messages : "(char*) 0",
			   db->dbb_r_lc_ctype ? db->dbb_r_lc_ctype : "(char*) 0");
	}
	else
		snprintf(s2, sizeof(s2), "isc_%d", request->req_ident);

	PAT args;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_request = request;
	args.pat_database = db;
	args.pat_value1 = static_cast<int>(strlen(db->dbb_filename));
	args.pat_condition = (request->req_length || (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb));
	args.pat_string1 = s1;
	args.pat_string2 = s2;

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);

	// if the dpb was extended, free it here

	if (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
	{
		if (request->req_length)
			printa(column, "if (%s != isc_%d)", s2, request->req_ident);
		printa(column + (request->req_length ? INDENT : 0), "isc_free ((char*) %s);", s2);

		// reset the length of the dpb

		printa(column, "%s = %d;", s1, request->req_length);
	}

	request = action->act_request;
	printa(column, "if (!%s [1])", global_status_name);
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
	printa(column,
		   "isc_start_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s, (short) 1, &%s, (short) 0, (char*) 0);",
		   status_vector(action), trname, db->dbb_name->sym_string);
	printa(column, "if (%s)", trname);
	column += INDENT;
	align(column);
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ddl (%s, &%s, &%s, (short) %d, isc_%d);",
			   status_vector(action), request->req_database->dbb_name->sym_string,
			   trname, request->req_length, request->req_ident);
	column -= INDENT;
	printa(column, "if (!%s [1])", global_status_name);
	printa(column + INDENT, "isc_commit_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
		   status_vector(action), trname);
	printa(column, "if (%s [1])", global_status_name);
	printa(column + INDENT, "isc_rollback_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
		   status_vector(NULL), trname);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
	endp(column);
	printa(column - INDENT, "else");
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
	column -= INDENT;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for END_STREAM.
//

static int gen_cursor_close( const act* action, const gpre_req* request, int column)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "if (%RIs && !isc_dsql_free_statement (%V1, &%RIs, %L1))";

	args.pat_request = request;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_long1 = 1;

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);

	return column;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text to initialize a cursor.
//

static void gen_cursor_init( const act* action, int column)
{

	// If blobs are present, zero out all of the blob handles.  After this
	// point, the handles are the user's responsibility

	if (action->act_request->req_flags & (REQ_sql_blob_open | REQ_sql_blob_create))
	{
		printa(column, "isc_%d = 0;", action->act_request->req_blobs->blb_ident);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text to open an embedded SQL cursor.
//

static int gen_cursor_open( const act* action, const gpre_req* request, int column)
{
	PAT args;
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "if (!%RIs && %RH%IF && %DH%EN)";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "if (!%RIs%IF && %DH%EN)";
	const TEXT* pattern3 = "isc_dsql_alloc_statement2 (%V1, &%DH, &%RIs);";
	const TEXT* pattern4 = "if (%RIs%IF && %S3%EN)";
	const TEXT* pattern5 = "if (!isc_dsql_set_cursor_name (%V1, &%RIs, %S1, 0) &&";
	const TEXT* pattern6 = "!isc_dsql_execute_m (%V1, &%S3, &%RIs, 0, %S2, %N2, 0, %S2))";

	args.pat_request = request;
	args.pat_database = request->req_database;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_condition = gpreGlob.sw_auto;
	args.pat_string1 = make_name(s, ((open_cursor*) action->act_object)->opn_cursor);
	args.pat_string2 = NULL_STRING;
	args.pat_string3 = request_trans(action, request);
	args.pat_value2 = -1;

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, (action->act_type == ACT_open) ? pattern1 : pattern2, &args);
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) (column + INDENT), pattern3, &args);
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern4, &args);
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern5, &args);
	column += INDENT;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern6, &args);
	begin(column);

	return column;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate insertion text for the database statement.
//

static void gen_database(int column)
{
	if (global_first_flag)
		return;

	global_first_flag = true;

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n/**** GDS Preprocessor Definitions ****/\n");
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "#ifndef JRD_IBASE_H\n#include %s\n#endif\n", GDS_INCLUDE);

	printa(column, "static %sISC_QUAD", CONST_STR);
	printa(column + INDENT, "isc_blob_null = {0, 0};\t/* initializer for blobs */");
	if (gpreGlob.sw_language == lang_c)
		printa(column, "static %sISC_STATUS *gds__null = 0;\t/* dummy status vector */", CONST_STR);

	const TEXT* scope = "";

	bool all_static = true;
	bool all_extern = true;

	const gpre_dbb* db;
	for (db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next)
	{
		all_static = all_static && (db->dbb_scope == DBB_STATIC);
		all_extern = all_extern && (db->dbb_scope == DBB_EXTERN);
		if (db->dbb_scope == DBB_STATIC)
			scope = "static ";
		else if (db->dbb_scope == DBB_EXTERN)
			scope = "extern ";
		printa(column, "%sisc_db_handle", scope);
		if (!all_extern)
			printa(column + INDENT, "%s = 0;\t\t/* database handle */\n", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
		else
			printa(column + INDENT, "%s;\t\t/* database handle */\n", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
	}

	if (all_static)
		scope = "static ";
	else if (all_extern)
		scope = "extern ";

	printa(column, "%sisc_tr_handle", scope);
	if (!all_extern)
		printa(column + INDENT, "%s = 0;\t\t/* default transaction handle */",
			   gpreGlob.transaction_name);
	else
		printa(column + INDENT, "%s;\t\t/* default transaction handle */",
			   gpreGlob.transaction_name);

	printa(column, "%sISC_STATUS", scope);
	column += INDENT;
	printa(column, "%s [20],\t/* status vector */", global_status_name);
	printa(column, "%s2 [20];\t/* status vector */", global_status_name);
	printa(column - INDENT, "%s%s", scope, DCL_LONG);
	printa(column, "isc_array_length, \t/* array return size */");
	printa(column, "SQLCODE;\t\t/* SQL status code */");
	if (gpreGlob.sw_dyn_using)
	{
		printa(column - INDENT, "static struct isc_sqlda { /* SQLDA for internal use */");
		printa(column, "char	sqldaid [8];");
		printa(column, "%s	sqldabc;", DCL_LONG);
		printa(column, "short	sqln;");
		printa(column, "short	sqld;");
		printa(column, "SQLVAR	sqlvar[%d];", gpreGlob.sw_dyn_using);
		printa(column, "}");
	}

	column -= INDENT;

	for (db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next)
		for (const tpb* tpb_iterator = db->dbb_tpbs; tpb_iterator;
			tpb_iterator = tpb_iterator->tpb_dbb_next)
		{
			gen_tpb(tpb_iterator, column);
		}

	// generate event parameter block for each event in module

	SSHORT max_count = 0;
	for (gpre_lls* stack_ptr = gpreGlob.events; stack_ptr; stack_ptr = stack_ptr->lls_next)
	{
		SSHORT count = gen_event_block((act*) stack_ptr->lls_object);
		max_count = MAX(count, max_count);
	}

	if (max_count)
		printa(column, "%s%s isc_events [%d];\t/* event vector */", scope, DCL_LONG, max_count);

	for (gpre_req* request = gpreGlob.requests; request; request = request->req_next)
	{
		gen_request(request);

		// Array declarations

		if (gpre_port* port = request->req_primary)
			for (ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
			{
				if (reference->ref_flags & REF_fetch_array)
					make_array_declaration(reference);
			}
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n\n");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("blob_null", "isc_", "\t/* compatibility symbols */");
	//gen_compatibility_symbol ("database", "isc_", "");
	//gen_compatibility_symbol ("trans", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("status", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("status2", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("array_length", "isc_", "");
	if (max_count)
		gen_compatibility_symbol("events", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("count", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("slack", "isc_", "");
	gen_compatibility_symbol("utility", "isc_", "\t/* end of compatibility symbols */");

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n#ifndef isc_version4\n");
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    Generate a compile-time error.\n");
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    Picking up a V3 include file after preprocessing with V4 GPRE.\n");
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "#endif\n");
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n/**** end of GPRE definitions ****/\n");
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a call to update metadata.
//

static void gen_ddl( const act* action, int column)
{
	// Set up command type for call to RDB$DDL

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		t_start_auto(action, 0, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", gpreGlob.transaction_name);
		column += INDENT;
	}

	align(column);
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ddl (%s, &%s, &%s, (short) %d, isc_%d);",
			   status_vector(action),
			   request->req_database->dbb_name->sym_string,
			   gpreGlob.transaction_name, request->req_length, request->req_ident);

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		column -= INDENT;
		printa(column, "if (!%s [1])", global_status_name);
		printa(column + INDENT, "isc_commit_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
			   status_vector(action), gpreGlob.transaction_name);
		printa(column, "if (%s [1])", global_status_name);
		printa(column + INDENT, "isc_rollback_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
			   status_vector(NULL), gpreGlob.transaction_name);
	}

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a call to create a database.
//

static void gen_drop_database( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_dbb* db = (gpre_dbb*) action->act_object;
	align(column);

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_drop_database (%s, %" SIZEFORMAT", \"%s\", rdb$k_db_type_gds);",
			   status_vector(action),
			   strlen(db->dbb_filename), db->dbb_filename);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_close( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_close (%s, %s);",
		   global_status_name, make_name(s, statement->dyn_cursor_name));
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_declare( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s1[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE], s2[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_declare (%s, %s, %s);",
		   global_status_name,
		   make_name(s1, statement->dyn_statement_name),
		   make_name(s2, statement->dyn_cursor_name));
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_describe(const act* action, int column, bool bind_flag)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_describe%s (%s, %s, %d, %s);",
		   bind_flag ? "_bind" : "",
		   global_status_name,
		   make_name(s, statement->dyn_statement_name),
		   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect, statement->dyn_sqlda);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_execute( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];
	gpre_req* request;
	gpre_req req_const;

	dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	const TEXT* transaction;
	if (statement->dyn_trans)
	{
		transaction = statement->dyn_trans;
		request = &req_const;
		request->req_trans = transaction;
	}
	else
	{
		transaction = gpreGlob.transaction_name;
		request = NULL;
	}

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		t_start_auto(action, request, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", transaction);
		column += INDENT;
	}

	if (statement->dyn_sqlda2)
		printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_execute2 (%s, &%s, %s, %d, %s, %s);",
			   global_status_name,
			   transaction,
			   make_name(s, statement->dyn_statement_name),
			   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
			   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_STRING,
			   statement->dyn_sqlda2);
	else
		printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_execute (%s, &%s, %s, %d, %s);",
			   global_status_name,
			   transaction,
			   make_name(s, statement->dyn_statement_name),
			   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
			   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_STRING);

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		column -= INDENT;

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_fetch( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	printa(column, "SQLCODE = isc_embed_dsql_fetch (%s, %s, %d, %s);",
		   global_status_name, make_name(s, statement->dyn_cursor_name),
		   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_SQLDA);

	printa(column, "if (SQLCODE != 100) SQLCODE = isc_sqlcode (%s);", global_status_name);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate code for an EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_immediate( const act* action, int column)
{
	gpre_req* request;
	gpre_req req_const;

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	const gpre_dbb* database = statement->dyn_database;
	const TEXT* transaction;
	if (statement->dyn_trans)
	{
		transaction = statement->dyn_trans;
		request = &req_const;
		request->req_trans = transaction;
	}
	else
	{
		transaction = gpreGlob.transaction_name;
		request = NULL;
	}

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		t_start_auto(action, request, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", transaction);
		column += INDENT;
	}

	printa(column,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda2 ?
				"isc_embed_dsql_execute_immed2 (%s, &%s, &%s, 0, %s, %d, %s, %s);" :
				"isc_embed_dsql_execute_immed (%s, &%s, &%s, 0, %s, %d, %s%s);",
		   global_status_name, database->dbb_name->sym_string, transaction,
		   statement->dyn_string, gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_SQLDA,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda2 ? statement->dyn_sqlda2 : "");

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		column -= INDENT;

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_insert( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];

	const dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_insert (%s, %s, %d, %s);",
		   global_status_name,
		   make_name(s, statement->dyn_cursor_name),
		   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_SQLDA);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_open( const act* action, int column)
{
	gpre_req* request;
	gpre_req req_const;

	dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	const TEXT* transaction;
	if (statement->dyn_trans)
	{
		transaction = statement->dyn_trans;
		request = &req_const;
		request->req_trans = transaction;
	}
	else
	{
		transaction = gpreGlob.transaction_name;
		request = NULL;
	}

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		t_start_auto(action, request, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", transaction);
		column += INDENT;
	}

	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];
	make_name(s, statement->dyn_cursor_name);

	printa(column,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda2 ?
				"isc_embed_dsql_open2 (%s, &%s, %s, %d, %s, %s);" :
				"isc_embed_dsql_open (%s, &%s, %s, %d, %s%s);",
		   global_status_name,
		   transaction,
		   s,
		   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_SQLDA,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda2 ? statement->dyn_sqlda2 : "");

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		column -= INDENT;

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a dynamic SQL statement.
//

static void gen_dyn_prepare( const act* action, int column)
{
	gpre_req* request;
	gpre_req req_const;

	dyn* statement = (dyn*) action->act_object;
	const TEXT* transaction;
	if (statement->dyn_trans)
	{
		transaction = statement->dyn_trans;
		request = &req_const;
		request->req_trans = transaction;
	}
	else
	{
		transaction = gpreGlob.transaction_name;
		request = NULL;
	}

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
		t_start_auto(action, request, status_vector(action), column, true);
		printa(column, "if (%s)", transaction);
		column += INDENT;
	}

	TEXT s[MAX_CURSOR_SIZE];
    const gpre_dbb* database = statement->dyn_database;
	printa(column, "isc_embed_dsql_prepare (%s, &%s, &%s, %s, 0, %s, %d, %s);",
		   global_status_name, database->dbb_name->sym_string, transaction,
		   make_name(s, statement->dyn_statement_name), statement->dyn_string,
		   gpreGlob.sw_sql_dialect,
		   statement->dyn_sqlda ? statement->dyn_sqlda : NULL_SQLDA);

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		column -= INDENT;

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for END_MODIFY.
//
//		Trickier because a fixed subtype single character
//		field is a single character, not a pointer to a
//		single character.
//

static void gen_emodify( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s1[MAX_REF_SIZE], s2[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	const upd* modify = (upd*) action->act_object;

	for (const ref* reference = modify->upd_port->por_references; reference;
		reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
	    const ref* source = reference->ref_source;
		if (!source)
			continue;
		const gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
		align(column);
		gen_name(s1, source, true);
		gen_name(s2, reference, true);
		if (field->fld_dtype == dtype_varying && field->fld_sub_type == dsc_text_type_fixed)
		{
			const int length = field->fld_length + sizeof(USHORT);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "memcpy (&%s, &%s, %d);", s2, s1, length);
		}
		else if (field->fld_dtype > dtype_cstring ||
			(field->fld_sub_type == dsc_text_type_fixed && field->fld_length == 1))
		{
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = %s;", s2, s1);
		}
		else if (gpreGlob.sw_cstring && !field->fld_sub_type)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, isLangCpp(gpreGlob.sw_language) ?
						"isc_vtov ((const char*) %s, (char*) %s, %d);" :
						"isc_vtov ((char*) %s, (char*) %s, %d);",
					s1, s2, field->fld_length);
		else
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, %d, %s, %d);",
					   s1, field->fld_length, s2, field->fld_length);
		if (field->fld_array_info)
			gen_get_or_put_slice(action, reference, false, column);
	}

	gen_send(action, modify->upd_port, column);

}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for END_STORE.
//

static void gen_estore( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	// if we did a store ... returning_values aka store2
	// just wrap up pending error and return

	if (request->req_type == REQ_store2)
	{
		if (action->act_error)
			endp(column);
		return;
	}

	if (action->act_error)
		column += INDENT;

	align(column);
	gen_start(action, request->req_primary, column, true);

	if (action->act_error)
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate definitions associated with a single request.
//

static void gen_endfor( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	column += INDENT;

	if (request->req_sync)
		gen_send(action, request->req_sync, column);

	endp(column);

	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for ERASE.
//

static void gen_erase( const act* action, int column)
{
	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
		begin(column);

	const upd* erase = (upd*) action->act_object;
	gen_send(action, erase->upd_port, column);

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate event parameter blocks for use
//		with a particular call to isc_event_wait.
//

static SSHORT gen_event_block(act* action)
{
	gpre_nod* init = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
	//gpre_sym* event_name = (gpre_sym*) init->nod_arg[0];

	int ident = CMP_next_ident();
	init->nod_arg[2] = (gpre_nod*)(IPTR)ident;

	printa(0, "static unsigned char\n   *isc_%da, *isc_%db;", ident, ident);
	printa(0, "static short\n   isc_%dl;", ident);

	const gpre_nod* list = init->nod_arg[1];
	return list->nod_count;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for EVENT_INIT.
//

static void gen_event_init( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "isc_%L1l = isc_event_block (&isc_%L1a, &isc_%L1b, (short) %N2";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "isc_wait_for_event (%V1, &%DH, isc_%L1l, isc_%L1a, isc_%L1b);";
	const TEXT* pattern3 = "isc_event_counts (isc_events, isc_%L1l, isc_%L1a, isc_%L1b);";

	if (action->act_error)
		begin(column);
	begin(column);

	const gpre_nod* init = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
	const gpre_nod* event_list = init->nod_arg[1];

	PAT args;
	args.pat_database = (gpre_dbb*) init->nod_arg[3];
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_long1 = (IPTR) init->nod_arg[2];
	args.pat_value2 = (int) event_list->nod_count;

	// generate call to dynamically generate event blocks

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);

	TEXT variable[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	const gpre_nod* const* ptr = event_list->nod_arg;
	for (const gpre_nod* const* const end = ptr + event_list->nod_count; ptr < end; ptr++)
	{
		const gpre_nod* node = *ptr;
		if (node->nod_type == nod_field)
		{
			const ref* reference = (ref*) node->nod_arg[0];
			gen_name(variable, reference, true);
			printb(", %s", variable);
		}
		else
			printb(", %s", (TEXT* ) node->nod_arg[0]);
	}

	printb(");");

	// generate actual call to event_wait

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern2, &args);

	// get change in event counts, copying event parameter block for reuse

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern3, &args);

	if (action->act_error)
		endp(column);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for EVENT_WAIT.
//

static void gen_event_wait( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[64];
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "isc_wait_for_event (%V1, &%DH, isc_%L1l, isc_%L1a, isc_%L1b);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "isc_event_counts (isc_events, isc_%L1l, isc_%L1a, isc_%L1b);";

	if (action->act_error)
		begin(column);
	begin(column);

	const gpre_sym* event_name = (gpre_sym*) action->act_object;

	// go through the stack of gpreGlob.events, checking to see if the
	// event has been initialized and getting the event identifier

	const gpre_dbb* database = NULL;
	int ident = -1;
	for (const gpre_lls* stack_ptr = gpreGlob.events; stack_ptr; stack_ptr = stack_ptr->lls_next)
	{
		const act* event_action = (const act*) stack_ptr->lls_object;
		const gpre_nod* event_init = (gpre_nod*) event_action->act_object;
		const gpre_sym* stack_name = (gpre_sym*) event_init->nod_arg[0];
		if (!strcmp(event_name->sym_string, stack_name->sym_string))
		{
			ident = (IPTR) event_init->nod_arg[2];
			database = (gpre_dbb*) event_init->nod_arg[3];
		}
	}

	if (ident < 0)
	{
		snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "event handle \"%s\" not found", event_name->sym_string);
		CPR_error(s);
		return;
	}

	PAT args;
	args.pat_database = database;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_long1 = ident;

	// generate calls to wait on the event and to fill out the gpreGlob.events array

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern2, &args);

	if (action->act_error)
		endp(column);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate replacement text for the SQL FETCH statement.  The
//		epilog FETCH statement is handled by GEN_S_FETCH (generate
//		stream fetch).
//

static void gen_fetch( const act* action, int column)
{
	gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	if (request->req_sync)
	{
		gen_send(action, request->req_sync, column);
		printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE)");
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);
	}

	TEXT s[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	gen_receive(action, column, request->req_primary);
	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE)");
	column += INDENT;
	printa(column, "if (%s)", gen_name(s, request->req_eof, true));
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);

	gpre_nod* var_list = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
	if (var_list)
		for (int i = 0; i < var_list->nod_count; i++)
		{
			align(column);
			asgn_to(action, (ref*) (var_list->nod_arg[i]), column);
		}

	endp(column);
	printa(column - INDENT, "else");
	printa(column, "SQLCODE = 100;");

	if (request->req_sync)
	{
		column -= INDENT;
		endp(column);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for FINISH
//

static void gen_finish( const act* action, int column)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "if (%S2)\n    isc_%S1_transaction (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%S2);";

	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_string2 = gpreGlob.transaction_name;

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto || ((action->act_flags & ACT_sql) && action->act_type != ACT_disconnect))
	{
		args.pat_string1 = ((action->act_type != ACT_rfinish) ? "commit" : "rollback");
		PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);
	}

	const gpre_dbb* db = NULL;

	// the user supplied one or more db_handles

	for (const rdy* ready = (rdy*) action->act_object; ready; ready = ready->rdy_next)
	{
		db = ready->rdy_database;
		printa(column, "isc_detach_database (%s, &%s);",
			   status_vector(action), db->dbb_name->sym_string);
	}
	// no hanbdles, so we finish all known databases

	if (!db)
	{
		for (db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next)
		{
			if ((action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)) && db != gpreGlob.isc_databases)
			{
				printa(column, "if (%s && !%s [1]) ", db->dbb_name->sym_string, global_status_name);
			}
			else
				printa(column, "if (%s)", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
			printa(column + INDENT, "isc_detach_database (%s, &%s);",
				   status_vector(action), db->dbb_name->sym_string);
		}
	}

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for FOR statement.
//

static void gen_for( const act* action, int column)
{
	gen_s_start(action, column);
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
		printa(column, "if (!%s [1]) {", global_status_name);

	printa(column, "while (1)");
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
	gen_receive(action, column, request->req_primary);

	TEXT s[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
		printa(column, "if (!%s || %s [1]) break;",
			   gen_name(s, request->req_eof, true), global_status_name);
	else
		printa(column, "if (!%s) break;", gen_name(s, request->req_eof, true));

	const gpre_port* port = action->act_request->req_primary;
	if (port)
		for (const ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			if (reference->ref_field->fld_array_info)
				gen_get_or_put_slice(action, reference, true, column);
		}

}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a function for free standing ANY or statistical.
//

static void gen_function( const act* function, int column)
{
	const ref* reference;

	const act* action = (const act*) function->act_object;

	if (action->act_type != ACT_any)
	{
		CPR_error("can't generate function");
		return;
	}

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "static %s_r (request, transaction ", request->req_handle);

	TEXT s[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	gpre_port* port = request->req_vport;
	if (port)
		for (reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ", %s", gen_name(s, reference->ref_source, true));
		}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file,
			   ")\n    isc_req_handle\trequest;\n    isc_tr_handle\ttransaction;\n");

	if (port)
		for (reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			const TEXT* dtype;
			gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
			switch (field->fld_dtype)
			{
			case dtype_short:
				dtype = "short";
				break;

			case dtype_long:
				dtype = DCL_LONG;
				break;

			case dtype_cstring:
			case dtype_text:
				dtype = "char*";
				break;

			case dtype_quad:
				dtype = DCL_QUAD;
				break;

			// Begin date/time/timestamp
			case dtype_sql_date:
				dtype = "ISC_DATE";
				break;

			case dtype_sql_time:
				dtype = "ISC_TIME";
				break;

			case dtype_timestamp:
				dtype = "ISC_TIMESTAMP";
				break;
			// End date/time/timestamp

			case dtype_int64:
				dtype = "ISC_INT64";
				break;

			case dtype_blob:
				dtype = "ISC_QUAD";
				break;

			case dtype_real:
				dtype = "float";
				break;

			case dtype_double:
				dtype = "double";
				break;

			default:
				CPR_error("gen_function: unsupported datatype");
				return;
			}
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    %s\t%s;\n", dtype,
					gen_name(s, reference->ref_source, true));
		}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "{\n");
	for (port = request->req_ports; port; port = port->por_next)
		make_port(port, column);

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\n\n");
	gen_s_start(action, 0);
	gen_receive(action, column, request->req_primary);

	for (port = request->req_ports; port; port = port->por_next)
		for (reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			if (reference->ref_field->fld_array_info)
				gen_get_or_put_slice(action, reference, true, column);
		}

	port = request->req_primary;
	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "\nreturn %s;\n}\n", gen_name(s, port->por_references, true));
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a call to isc_get_slice
//       or isc_put_slice for an array.
//

static void gen_get_or_put_slice(const act* action, const ref* reference, bool get, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"isc_get_slice (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%S2, (short) %N1, (char*) %S3, 0, (%S6*) 0, (%S6) %L1, %S5, &isc_array_length);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 =
		"isc_put_slice (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%S2, (short) %N1, (char*) %S3, 0, (%S6*) 0, (%S6) %L1, (void*) %S5);";

	if (!(reference->ref_flags & REF_fetch_array))
		return;

	TEXT s1[MAX_REF_SIZE], s2[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	PAT args;
	args.pat_request = action->act_request;
	args.pat_condition = get;	// get or put slice
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);	// status vector
	args.pat_database = action->act_request->req_database;	// database handle
	gen_name(s1, reference, true);	// blob handle
	args.pat_string2 = s1;
	args.pat_value1 = reference->ref_sdl_length;	// slice description length
	snprintf(s2, sizeof(s2), "isc_%d", reference->ref_sdl_ident);	// slice description
	args.pat_string3 = s2;

	args.pat_long1 = reference->ref_field->fld_array_info->ary_size;
	// slice size

	TEXT s4[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		args.pat_string5 = reference->ref_value;
	else
	{
		snprintf(s4, sizeof(s4), "isc_%d", reference->ref_field->fld_array_info->ary_ident);
		args.pat_string5 = s4;	// array name
	}

	args.pat_string6 = DCL_LONG;

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, get ? pattern1 : pattern2, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		gen_whenever(action->act_whenever, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the code to do a get segment.
//

static void gen_get_segment( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"%IF%S1 [1] = %ENisc_get_segment (%V1, &%BH, &%I1, (short) sizeof(%I2), %I2);";

	if (action->act_error && (action->act_type != ACT_blob_for))
		begin(column);

	const blb* blob;
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		blob = (blb*) action->act_request->req_blobs;
	else
		blob = (blb*) action->act_object;

	PAT args;
	args.pat_blob = blob;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_condition = !(action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql));
	args.pat_ident1 = blob->blb_len_ident;
	args.pat_ident2 = blob->blb_buff_ident;
	args.pat_string1 = global_status_name;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		const ref* into = action->act_object;
		set_sqlcode(action, column);
		printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE || SQLCODE == 101)");
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (isc_%d, isc_%d, %s, isc_%d);",
				   blob->blb_buff_ident, blob->blb_len_ident,
				   into->ref_value, blob->blb_len_ident);
		if (into->ref_null_value)
		{
			align(column);
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s = isc_%d;", into->ref_null_value, blob->blb_len_ident);
		}
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text to compile and start a SQL command
//

static void gen_loop( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT name[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	gen_s_start(action, column);
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	const gpre_port* port = request->req_primary;

	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE) ");
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);

	gen_receive(action, column, port);

	endp(column);
	column -= INDENT;

	gen_name(name, port->por_references, true);
	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE && !%s)", name);
	printa(column + INDENT, "SQLCODE = 100;");

	if (request->req_flags & REQ_sql_returning)
	{
		printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE && %s)", name);
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);

		gpre_nod* var_list = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
		for (int i = 0; var_list && i < var_list->nod_count; i++)
		{
			align(column);
			asgn_to(action, (ref*) (var_list->nod_arg[i]), column);
		}

		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a name for a reference.  Name is constructed from
//		port and parameter idents.
//

static TEXT* gen_name(char* const string, const ref* reference, bool as_blob)
{
	if (reference->ref_field->fld_array_info && !as_blob)
		fb_utils::snprintf(string, MAX_REF_SIZE, "isc_%d",
				reference->ref_field->fld_array_info->ary_ident);
	else if (reference->ref_port)
		fb_utils::snprintf(string, MAX_REF_SIZE, "isc_%d.isc_%d",
				reference->ref_port->por_ident, reference->ref_ident);
	else
		fb_utils::snprintf(string, MAX_REF_SIZE, "isc_%d", reference->ref_ident);

	return string;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a block to handle errors.
//

static void gen_on_error( const act* action, USHORT column)
{
	const act* err_action = (const act*) action->act_object;
	switch (err_action->act_type)
	{
	case ACT_get_segment:
	case ACT_put_segment:
	case ACT_endblob:
		printa(column,
			   "if (%s [1] && (%s [1] != isc_segment) && (%s [1] != isc_segstr_eof))",
			   global_status_name, global_status_name, global_status_name);
		break;
	default:
		printa(column, "if (%s [1])", global_status_name);
	}
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate code for an EXECUTE PROCEDURE.
//

static void gen_procedure( const act* action, int column)
{
	column += INDENT;
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	const gpre_port* in_port = request->req_vport;
	const gpre_port* out_port = request->req_primary;

	const gpre_dbb* database = request->req_database;
	PAT args;
	args.pat_database = database;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_request = request;
	args.pat_port = in_port;
	args.pat_port2 = out_port;
	const TEXT* pattern;
	if (in_port && in_port->por_length)
		pattern =
			"isc_transact_request (%V1, %RF%DH%RE, %RF%RT%RE, (unsigned short) sizeof(%RI), (char*) %RI, (unsigned short) %PL, (char*) %RF%PI%RE, (unsigned short) %QL, (char*) %RF%QI%RE);";
	else
		pattern =
			"isc_transact_request (%V1, %RF%DH%RE, %RF%RT%RE, (unsigned short) sizeof(%RI), (char*) %RI, 0, 0, (unsigned short) %QL, (char*) %RF%QI%RE);";

	// Get database attach and transaction started

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		t_start_auto(action, 0, status_vector(action), column, true);

	// Move in input values

	asgn_from(action, request->req_values, column);

	// Execute the procedure

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);

	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE)");
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);

	// Move out output values

	asgn_to_proc(request->req_references, column);
	endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the code to do a put segment.
//

static void gen_put_segment( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "%IF%S1 [1] = %ENisc_put_segment (%V1, &%BH, %I1, %I2);";

	if (!action->act_error)
		begin(column);
	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
		begin(column);

	const blb* blob;
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
	{
		blob = (blb*) action->act_request->req_blobs;
		const ref* from = action->act_object;
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_%d = %s;", blob->blb_len_ident, from->ref_null_value);
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_ftof (%s, isc_%d, isc_%d, isc_%d);",
				   from->ref_value, blob->blb_len_ident,
				   blob->blb_buff_ident, blob->blb_len_ident);
	}
	else
		blob = (blb*) action->act_object;

	PAT args;
	args.pat_blob = blob;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_condition = !(action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql));
	args.pat_ident1 = blob->blb_len_ident;
	args.pat_ident2 = blob->blb_buff_ident;
	args.pat_string1 = global_status_name;
	args.pat_long1 = NULL;
	args.pat_long2 = NULL;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern1, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);

	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate BLR/MBLR/etc. in raw, numeric form.  Ugly but dense.
//

static void gen_raw(const UCHAR* blr, int request_length)
{
	TEXT buffer[80];

	TEXT* p = buffer;
	const TEXT* const limit = buffer + 60;

	for (int count = request_length; count; count--)
	{
		const UCHAR c = *blr++;
		if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '$' || c == '_')
			snprintf(p, sizeof(buffer) - (p - buffer), "'%c'", c);
		else
			snprintf(p, sizeof(buffer) - (p - buffer), "%u", c);
		while (*p)
			p++;
		if (count - 1)
			*p++ = ',';
		if (p < limit)
			continue;
		*p = 0;
		printa(INDENT, "%s", buffer);
		p = buffer;
	}

	*p = 0;
	printa(INDENT, "%s", buffer);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for READY
//

static void gen_ready( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* vector = status_vector(action);

	for (const rdy* ready = (rdy*) action->act_object; ready; ready = ready->rdy_next)
	{
		const gpre_dbb* db = ready->rdy_database;
		const TEXT* filename = ready->rdy_filename;
		if (!filename)
			filename = db->dbb_runtime;
		if ((action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)) &&
			ready != (rdy*) action->act_object)
		{
			printa(column, "if (!%s [1]) {", global_status_name);
		}
		make_ready(db, filename, vector, (USHORT) column, ready->rdy_request);
		if ((action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)) &&
			ready != (rdy*) action->act_object)
		{
			endp(column);
		}
	}
	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a send or receive call for a port.
//

static void gen_receive( const act* action, int column, const gpre_port* port)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern =
		"isc_receive (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%RH, (short) %PN, (short) %PL, &%PI, (short) %RL);";

	args.pat_request = action->act_request;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_port = port;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for RELEASE_REQUESTS
//		For active databases, call isc_release_request.
//		for all others, just zero the handle.  For the
//		release request calls, ignore error returns, which
//		are likely if the request was compiled on a database
//		which has been released and re-readied.  If there is
//		a serious error, it will be caught on the next statement.
//

static void gen_release( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_dbb* exp_db = (gpre_dbb*) action->act_object;

	for (const gpre_req* request = gpreGlob.requests; request; request = request->req_next)
	{
		const gpre_dbb* db = request->req_database;
		if (exp_db && db != exp_db)
			continue;
		if (db && request->req_handle && !(request->req_flags & REQ_exp_hand))
		{
			printa(column, "if (%s && %s)", db->dbb_name->sym_string, request->req_handle);
			printa(column + INDENT, "isc_release_request (%s, &%s);",
				   global_status_name, request->req_handle);
			printa(column, "%s = 0;", request->req_handle);
		}
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate definitions associated with a single request.
//

static void gen_request(const gpre_req* request)
{
	if (!(request->req_flags & (REQ_exp_hand | REQ_sql_blob_open | REQ_sql_blob_create)) &&
		request->req_type != REQ_slice && request->req_type != REQ_procedure)
	{
		printa(0, "static isc_req_handle\n   %s = 0;\t\t/* request handle */\n", request->req_handle);
	}

	// check the case where we need to extend the dpb dynamically at runtime,
	// in which case we need dpb length and a pointer to be defined even if
	// there is no static dpb defined

	if (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
	{
		printa(0, "static char\n   *isc_%dp;", request->req_ident);
		if (!request->req_length)
			printa(0, "static short\n   isc_%dl = %d;", request->req_ident, request->req_length);
	}

	if (request->req_type == REQ_create_database)
		printa(0, "static %s\n   *isc_%dt;", DCL_LONG, request->req_ident);

	if (request->req_flags & (REQ_sql_blob_open | REQ_sql_blob_create))
		printa(0, "static isc_stmt_handle\n   isc_%ds;\t\t/* sql statement handle */",
			   request->req_ident);

	if (request->req_length)
	{
		if (request->req_flags & REQ_sql_cursor)
			printa(0, "static isc_stmt_handle\n   isc_%ds;\t\t/* sql statement handle */",
				   request->req_ident);
		printa(0, "static %sshort\n   isc_%dl = %d;",
			   (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb) ? "" : CONST_STR,
			   request->req_ident, request->req_length);

		const TEXT* string_type = "blr";
		bool is_blr = true;

		switch (request->req_type)
		{
			case REQ_create_database:
			case REQ_ready:
				string_type = "dpb";
				is_blr = false;
				break;

			case REQ_ddl:
				string_type = "dyn";
				is_blr = false;
				break;

			case REQ_slice:
				string_type = "sdl";
				is_blr = false;
				break;

			default:
				break;
		}

		if (is_blr)
			printa(0, "static %sunsigned char\n   isc_%d [] = {", CONST_STR, request->req_ident);
		else
			printa(0, "static %schar\n   isc_%d [] = {", CONST_STR, request->req_ident);

		if (gpreGlob.sw_raw)
		{
			gen_raw(request->req_blr, request->req_length);
		}
		else
			switch (request->req_type)
			{
			case REQ_create_database:
			case REQ_ready:
				if (PRETTY_print_cdb(request->req_blr, gen_blr, 0, 0))
					CPR_error("internal error during parameter generation");
				break;

			case REQ_ddl:
				if (PRETTY_print_dyn(request->req_blr, gen_blr, 0, 0))
					CPR_error("internal error during dynamic DDL generation");
				break;

			case REQ_slice:
				if (PRETTY_print_sdl(request->req_blr, gen_blr, 0, 0))
					CPR_error("internal error during SDL generation");
				break;

			default:
				if (fb_print_blr(request->req_blr, request->req_length, gen_blr, 0, 0))
					CPR_error("internal error during BLR generation");
			}

		printa(INDENT, "};\t/* end of %s string for request isc_%d */\n",
			   string_type, request->req_ident);
	}

	// Print out slice description language if there are arrays associated with request

	for (const gpre_port* port = request->req_ports; port; port = port->por_next)
	{
		for (const ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			if (reference->ref_sdl)
			{
				printa(0, "static %sshort\n   isc_%dl = %d;", CONST_STR,
					   reference->ref_sdl_ident, reference->ref_sdl_length);
				printa(0, "static %sunsigned char\n   isc_%d [] = {", CONST_STR, reference->ref_sdl_ident);
				if (gpreGlob.sw_raw)
					gen_raw(reference->ref_sdl, reference->ref_sdl_length);
				else if (PRETTY_print_sdl(reference->ref_sdl, gen_blr, 0, 0))
					CPR_error("internal error during SDL generation");

				printa(INDENT, "};\t/* end of sdl string for request isc_%d */\n",
					   reference->ref_sdl_ident);
			}
		}
	}

	// Print out any blob parameter blocks required

	for (const blb* blob = request->req_blobs; blob; blob = blob->blb_next)
	{
		if (blob->blb_bpb_length)
		{
			printa(0, "static %schar\n   isc_%d [] = {", CONST_STR, blob->blb_bpb_ident);
			gen_raw(blob->blb_bpb, blob->blb_bpb_length);
			printa(INDENT, "};\n");
		}
	}

	// If this is a GET_SLICE/PUT_slice, allocate some variables

	if (request->req_type == REQ_slice)
	{
		printa(0, "static %s", DCL_LONG);
		printa(INDENT, "isc_%dv [%d],", request->req_ident,
			   MAX(request->req_slice->slc_parameters, 1));
		printa(INDENT, "isc_%ds;", request->req_ident);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate receive call for a port
//		in a store2 statement.
//

static void gen_return_value( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	if (action->act_pair->act_error)
		column += INDENT;
	align(column);
	gen_start(action, request->req_primary, column, true);
	const upd* update = (upd*) action->act_object;
	const ref* reference = update->upd_references;
	gen_receive(action, column, reference->ref_port);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Process routine head.  If there are gpreGlob.requests in the
//		routine, insert local definitions.
//

static void gen_routine( const act* action, int column)
{
	column += INDENT;

	for (const gpre_req* request = (gpre_req*) action->act_object; request;
		request = request->req_routine)
	{
		if (request->req_type == REQ_any)
			continue;
		for (const gpre_port* port = request->req_ports; port; port = port->por_next)
			make_port(port, column);
		for (const blb* blob = request->req_blobs; blob; blob = blob->blb_next)
		{
			printa(column, "isc_blob_handle\t\tisc_%d;\t\t/* blob handle */", blob->blb_ident);
			printa(column, "char\t\t\tisc_%d [%d];\t/* blob segment */",
				   blob->blb_buff_ident, blob->blb_seg_length);
			printa(column, "unsigned short\tisc_%d;\t\t/* segment length */", blob->blb_len_ident);
		}
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for END_STREAM.
//

static void gen_s_end( const act* action, int column)
{
	if (action->act_error)
		begin(column);

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	if (action->act_type == ACT_close)
		column = gen_cursor_close(action, request, column);

	printa(column, "isc_unwind_request (%s, &%s, %s);", status_vector(action),
		   request->req_handle, request->req_request_level);

	if (action->act_type == ACT_close)
	{
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for FETCH.
//

static void gen_s_fetch( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	if (request->req_sync)
		gen_send(action, request->req_sync, column);

	gen_receive(action, column, request->req_primary);

	if (!action->act_pair && !action->act_error)
		endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text to compile and start a stream.  This is
//		used both by START_STREAM and FOR
//

static void gen_s_start( const act* action, int column)
{
	gpre_req* request = action->act_request;

	gen_compile(action, column);

	gpre_port* port = request->req_vport;
	if (port)
		asgn_from(action, port->por_references, column);

	if (action->act_type == ACT_open)
		column = gen_cursor_open(action, request, column);

	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
	{
		make_ok_test(action, request, column);
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);
	}

	gen_start(action, port, column, false);
	set_sqlcode(action, column);

	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
	{
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}

	if (request->req_type == REQ_insert && (request->req_flags & REQ_sql_returning))
	{
		printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE) ");
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);

		gen_receive(action, column, request->req_primary);

		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;

		printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE) ");
		column += INDENT;
		begin(column);

		gpre_nod* var_list = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
		for (int i = 0; var_list && i < var_list->nod_count; i++)
		{
			align(column);
			asgn_to(action, (ref*) (var_list->nod_arg[i]), column);
		}

		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}

	if (action->act_type == ACT_open)
	{
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
		endp(column);
		column -= INDENT;
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Substitute for a segment, segment length, or blob handle.
//

static void gen_segment( const act* action, int column)
{
	const blb* blob = (blb*) action->act_object;

	printa(column, "isc_%d",
		   (action->act_type == ACT_segment) ? blob->blb_buff_ident :
				(action->act_type == ACT_segment_length) ? blob->blb_len_ident : blob->blb_ident);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//
//		generate code for a singleton select.
//

static void gen_select( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT name[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	gpre_port* port = request->req_primary;
	gen_name(name, request->req_eof, true);

	gen_s_start(action, column);
	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE) ");
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
	gen_receive(action, column, port);
	printa(column, "if (!SQLCODE)");
	column += INDENT;
	begin(column);
	printa(column, "if (%s)", name);
	column += INDENT;

	begin(column);
	gpre_nod* var_list = (gpre_nod*) action->act_object;
	if (var_list)
		for (int i = 0; i < var_list->nod_count; i++)
		{
			align(column);
			asgn_to(action, (ref*) var_list->nod_arg[i], column);
		}

	endp(column);

	printa(column - INDENT, "else");
	begin(column);
	printa(column, "SQLCODE = 100;");
	endp(column);
	column -= INDENT;
	endp(column);
	column -= INDENT;
	endp(column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a send or receive call for a port.
//

static void gen_send( const act* action, const gpre_port* port, int column)
{
	PAT args;
	const TEXT* pattern =
		"isc_send (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%RH, (short) %PN, (short) %PL, &%PI, (short) %RL);";

	args.pat_request = action->act_request;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_port = port;
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, pattern, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate support for get/put slice statement.
//

static void gen_slice( const act* action, const ref* var_reference, int column)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 = "isc_get_slice (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%FR, (short) %N1, \
(char*) %I1, (short) %N2, %I1v, %I1s, %S5, &isc_array_length);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "isc_put_slice (%V1, &%DH, &%RT, &%FR, (short) %N1, \
(char*) %I1, (short) %N2, %I1v, %I1s, %S5);";

	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	const slc* slice = (slc*) action->act_object;
	const gpre_req* parent_request = slice->slc_parent_request;

	// Compute array size

	printa(column, "isc_%ds = %d", request->req_ident, slice->slc_field->fld_array->fld_length);

	const slc::slc_repeat* tail = slice->slc_rpt;
	for (const slc::slc_repeat* const end = tail + slice->slc_dimensions; tail < end; ++tail)
	{
		if (tail->slc_upper != tail->slc_lower)
		{
			const ref* lower = (ref*) tail->slc_lower->nod_arg[0];
			const ref* upper = (ref*) tail->slc_upper->nod_arg[0];
			if (lower->ref_value)
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " * ( %s - %s + 1)", upper->ref_value, lower->ref_value);
			else
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " * ( %s + 1)", upper->ref_value);
		}
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ";");

	// Make assignments to variable vector

	const ref* reference;
	for (reference = request->req_values; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
		printa(column, "isc_%dv [%d] = %s;",
			   request->req_ident, reference->ref_id, reference->ref_value);
	}

	PAT args;
	args.pat_reference = (var_reference ? var_reference : slice->slc_field_ref);
	args.pat_request = parent_request;	// blob id request
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);	// status vector
	args.pat_database = parent_request->req_database;	// database handle
	args.pat_string1 = action->act_request->req_trans;	// transaction handle
	args.pat_value1 = request->req_length;	// slice descr. length
	args.pat_ident1 = request->req_ident;	// request name
	args.pat_value2 = slice->slc_parameters * sizeof(SLONG);	// parameter length

	if (!(reference = var_reference))
		reference = (ref*) slice->slc_array->nod_arg[0];
	args.pat_string5 = reference->ref_value;	// array name

	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, (action->act_type == ACT_get_slice) ? pattern1 : pattern2, &args);

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
	if (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)
		gen_whenever(action->act_whenever, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate either a START or START_AND_SEND depending
//		on whether or a not a port is present.  If this START
//		or START_AND_SEND is being generated for a STORE or a
//		MODIFY statement, generate PUT_SLICE calls, as well.
//

static void gen_start(const act* action,
					  const gpre_port* port,
					  int column,
					  bool sending)
{
	const TEXT* pattern1 =
		"isc_start_and_send (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%RH, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%S1, (short) %PN, (short) %PL, &%PI, (short) %RL);";
	const TEXT* pattern2 = "isc_start_request (%V1, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%RH, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%S1, (short) %RL);";

	if (port && sending)
	{
		for (const ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
		{
			if (reference->ref_field->fld_array_info)
				gen_get_or_put_slice(action, reference, false, column);
		}
	}

	PAT args;
	args.pat_request = action->act_request;
	args.pat_vector1 = status_vector(action);
	args.pat_port = port;
	args.pat_string1 = request_trans(action, action->act_request);
	PATTERN_expand((USHORT) column, port ? pattern1 : pattern2, &args);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate text for STORE statement.  This includes the compile
//		call and any variable initialization required.
//

static void gen_store( const act* action, int column)
{
	const gpre_req* request = action->act_request;
	align(column);
	gen_compile(action, column);

	if (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql))
	{
		make_ok_test(action, request, column);
		column += INDENT;
		if (action->act_error)
			begin(column);
	}

	// Initialize any blob fields

	TEXT name[MAX_REF_SIZE];
	gpre_port* port = request->req_primary;

	for (const ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
		const gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
		if (field->fld_flags & FLD_blob)
			printa(column, "%s = isc_blob_null;", gen_name(name, reference, true));
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for START_TRANSACTION.
//

static void gen_t_start( const act* action, int column)
{
	const TEXT* vector = status_vector(action);

	// if this is a purely default transaction, just let it through

	const gpre_tra* trans;
	if (!action || !(trans = (gpre_tra*) action->act_object))
	{
		t_start_auto(action, 0, vector, column, false);
		return;
	}

	// build a complete statement, including tpb's. Ready db's
	const tpb* tpb_iterator;

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		for (tpb_iterator = trans->tra_tpb; tpb_iterator; tpb_iterator = tpb_iterator->tpb_tra_next)
		{
			const gpre_dbb* db = tpb_iterator->tpb_database;
			const TEXT* filename = db->dbb_runtime;
			if (filename || !(db->dbb_flags & DBB_sqlca))
			{
				printa(column, "if (!%s)", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
				make_ready(db, filename, vector, (USHORT) (column + INDENT), 0);
			}
		}

	printa(column, "isc_start_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s, (short) %d", vector,
		   trans->tra_handle ? trans->tra_handle : gpreGlob.transaction_name, trans->tra_db_count);

	// Some systems don't like infinitely long lines.  Limit them to 256.

	int remaining = static_cast<int>(256 - column - strlen(vector) -
		strlen(trans->tra_handle ? trans->tra_handle : gpreGlob.transaction_name) - 31);

	for (tpb_iterator = trans->tra_tpb; tpb_iterator; tpb_iterator = tpb_iterator->tpb_tra_next)
	{
		int length = static_cast<int>(strlen(tpb_iterator->tpb_database->dbb_name->sym_string) + 22);
		if (length > remaining)
		{
			align(column + INDENT);
			remaining = 256 - column - INDENT;
		}
		remaining -= length;
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ", &%s, (short) %d, isc_tpb_%d",
				   tpb_iterator->tpb_database->dbb_name->sym_string,
				   tpb_iterator->tpb_length, tpb_iterator->tpb_ident);
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ");");

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a TPB in the output file
//

static void gen_tpb(const tpb* tpb_buffer, int column)
{
	TEXT buffer[80];
	SSHORT length;

	printa(column, "static %schar\n", CONST_STR);
	column += INDENT;
	TEXT* p = buffer;

	for (length = 0; length < column; length++)
		*p++ = ' ';

	snprintf(p, sizeof(buffer) - (p - buffer), "isc_tpb_%d [%d] = {", tpb_buffer->tpb_ident,
		tpb_buffer->tpb_length);
	while (*p)
		p++;

	SSHORT tpb_length = tpb_buffer->tpb_length;
	const TEXT* text = (TEXT*) tpb_buffer->tpb_string;

	while (--tpb_length >= 0)
	{
		const TEXT c = *text++;
		if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || c == '$' || c == '_')
			snprintf(p, sizeof(buffer) - (p - buffer), "'%c'", c);
		else
			snprintf(p, sizeof(buffer) - (p - buffer), "%d", c);
		while (*p)
			p++;
		if (tpb_length)
			*p++ = ',';
		if (p - buffer > 60)
		{
			*p = 0;
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " %s\n", buffer);
			p = buffer;
			for (length = 0; length < column + INDENT; length++)
				*p++ = ' ';
			*p = 0;
		}
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "%s};\n", buffer);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for COMMIT, ROLLBACK, PREPARE, and SAVE
//

static void gen_trans( const act* action, int column)
{
	const char* tranText =
		action->act_object ? (const TEXT*) action->act_object : gpreGlob.transaction_name;

	switch (action->act_type)
	{
	case ACT_commit_retain_context:
		printa(column, "isc_commit_retaining (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
			   status_vector(action), tranText);
		break;
	case ACT_rollback_retain_context:
		printa(column, "isc_rollback_retaining (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
			   status_vector(action), tranText);
		break;
	default:
		printa(column, "isc_%s_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s);",
			   (action->act_type == ACT_commit) ?
			   		"commit" : (action->act_type == ACT_rollback) ? "rollback" : "prepare",
				status_vector(action), tranText);
	}

	set_sqlcode(action, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Substitute for a variable reference.
//

static void gen_type( const act* action, int column)
{
	printa(column, "%" SLONGFORMAT, (SLONG)(IPTR)action->act_object);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for UPDATE ... WHERE CURRENT OF ...
//      Notice this function's first param has member
//		action_act_object->upd_port->por_references that's changed.

static void gen_update( const act* action, int column)
{
	upd* modify = (upd*) action->act_object;
	gpre_port* port = modify->upd_port;
	asgn_from(action, port->por_references, column);
	gen_send(action, port, column);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Substitute for a variable reference.
//

static void gen_variable( const act* action, int column)
{
	TEXT s[MAX_REF_SIZE];

	printa(column, "%s", gen_name(s, action->act_object, false));
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate tests for any WHENEVER clauses that may have been declared.
//

static void gen_whenever( const swe* label, int column)
{
	const TEXT* condition = NULL;

	while (label)
	{
		switch (label->swe_condition)
		{
		case SWE_error:
			condition = "SQLCODE < 0";
			break;

		case SWE_warning:
			condition = "SQLCODE > 0 && SQLCODE != 100";
			break;

		case SWE_not_found:
			condition = "SQLCODE == 100";
			break;

		default:
			// condition undefined
			fb_assert(false);
			return;
		}
		align(column);
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "if (%s) goto %s;", condition, label->swe_label);
		label = label->swe_next;
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate a declaration of an array in the
//		output file.
//

static void make_array_declaration(ref* reference)
{

	gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
	const TEXT* name = field->fld_symbol->sym_string;

	// Don't generate multiple declarations for the array.  V3 Bug 569.

	if (field->fld_array_info->ary_declared)
		return;

	field->fld_array_info->ary_declared = true;
	const TEXT* dtype;

	switch (field->fld_array_info->ary_dtype)
	{
	case dtype_short:
		dtype = "short";
		break;

	case dtype_long:
		dtype = DCL_LONG;
		break;

	case dtype_cstring:
	case dtype_text:
	case dtype_varying:
		dtype = "char ";
		break;

	case dtype_quad:
		dtype = DCL_QUAD;
		break;

	// Begin date/time/timestamp
	case dtype_sql_date:
		dtype = "ISC_DATE";
		break;

	case dtype_sql_time:
		dtype = "ISC_TIME";
		break;

	case dtype_timestamp:
		dtype = "ISC_TIMESTAMP";
		break;
	// End date/time/timestamp

	case dtype_int64:
		dtype = "ISC_INT64";
		break;

	case dtype_real:
		dtype = "float ";
		break;

	case dtype_double:
		dtype = "double";
		break;

	case dtype_boolean:
		dtype = "FB_BOOLEAN";
		break;

	default:
		{
			TEXT s[ERROR_LENGTH];
			fb_utils::snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "datatype %d unknown for field %s",
							   field->fld_array_info->ary_dtype, name);
			CPR_error(s);
			return;
		}
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "static %s isc_%d", dtype, field->fld_array_info->ary_ident);

	// Print out the dimension part of the declaration

	for (const dim* dimension = field->fld_array_info->ary_dimension; dimension;
		 dimension = dimension->dim_next)
	{
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " [%" SLONGFORMAT"]", dimension->dim_upper - dimension->dim_lower + 1);
	}

	if (field->fld_array_info->ary_dtype <= dtype_varying)
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " [%d]", field->fld_array->fld_length);

	// Print out the database field

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ";\t/* %s */\n", name);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Turn a symbol into a varying string.
//
// CVC: this code in unclear to me: it's advancing sym_string pointer,
// so after this call the pointer is at the position of the null terminator.

static TEXT* make_name( TEXT* const string, const gpre_sym* symbol)
{

	if (symbol->sym_type == SYM_delimited_cursor)
	{
		// All This elaborate code is just to put double quotes around
		// the cursor names and to escape any embeded quotes.
		int i = 0;
		strcpy(string, "\"\\\"");
		const char* source = symbol->sym_string;
		for (i = static_cast<int>(strlen(string)); *source && i + 4 < MAX_CURSOR_SIZE; i++)
		{
			if (*source == '\"' || *source == '\'')
			{
				if (i + 7 >= MAX_CURSOR_SIZE)
					break;

				string[i++] = '\\';
				string[i++] = *source;
				string[i++] = '\\';
			}
			string[i] = *source++;
		}
		string[i] = 0;
		strcat(string, "\\\"\"");
	}
	else
		fb_utils::snprintf(string, MAX_CURSOR_SIZE, "\"%s\"", symbol->sym_string);

	return string;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate code to test existence of compiled request with
//		active transaction
//

static void make_ok_test( const act* action, const gpre_req* request, int column)
{

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		printa(column, "if (%s && %s)", request_trans(action, request), request->req_handle);
	else
		printa(column, "if (%s)", request->req_handle);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Insert a port record description in output.
//

static void make_port(const gpre_port* port, int column)
{
	printa(column, "struct isc_%d_struct {", port->por_ident);

	for (const ref* reference = port->por_references; reference; reference = reference->ref_next)
	{
		align(column + INDENT);
		const gpre_fld* field = reference->ref_field;
		const TEXT* name;
		const gpre_sym* symbol = field->fld_symbol;
		if (symbol)
			name = symbol->sym_string;
		else
			name = "<expression>";
		if (reference->ref_value && (reference->ref_flags & REF_array_elem))
			field = field->fld_array;
		int fld_len = 0;
		const TEXT* dtype;

		switch (field->fld_dtype)
		{
		case dtype_short:
			dtype = "short";
			break;

		case dtype_long:
			dtype = DCL_LONG;
			break;

		case dtype_varying:
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    struct { ISC_USHORT length; ISC_UCHAR data[%d]; } isc_%d;\t/* %s */", field->fld_length, reference->ref_ident, name);
			continue;

		case dtype_cstring:
		case dtype_text:
			dtype = "char ";
			if (field->fld_sub_type != 1 || field->fld_length > 1)
				fld_len = field->fld_length;
			break;

		case dtype_quad:
			dtype = DCL_QUAD;
			break;

		// Begin date/time/timestamp
		case dtype_sql_date:
			dtype = "ISC_DATE";
			break;

		case dtype_sql_time:
			dtype = "ISC_TIME";
			break;

		case dtype_timestamp:
			dtype = "ISC_TIMESTAMP";
			break;
		// End date/time/timestamp

		case dtype_int64:
			dtype = "ISC_INT64";
			break;

		case dtype_blob:
			dtype = "ISC_QUAD";
			break;

		case dtype_real:
			dtype = "float ";
			break;

		case dtype_double:
			dtype = "double";
			break;

		case dtype_boolean:
			dtype = "FB_BOOLEAN";
			break;

		default:
			{
				TEXT s[ERROR_LENGTH];
				fb_utils::snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "datatype %d unknown for field %s, msg %d",
								   field->fld_dtype, name, port->por_msg_number);
				CPR_error(s);
				return;
			}
		}
		if (fld_len)
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    %s isc_%d [%d];\t/* %s */",
					   dtype, reference->ref_ident, fld_len, name);
		else
			fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "    %s isc_%d;\t/* %s */", dtype, reference->ref_ident, name);
	}

	printa(column, "} isc_%d;", port->por_ident);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the actual insertion text for a
//		ready;
//

static void make_ready(const gpre_dbb* db,
					   const TEXT* filename,
					   const TEXT* vector, USHORT column,
					   const gpre_req* request)
{
	TEXT s1[32], s2[32];

	if (request)
	{
		snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "isc_%dl", request->req_ident);

		if (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
			snprintf(s2, sizeof(s2), "isc_%dp", request->req_ident);
		else
			snprintf(s2, sizeof(s2), "isc_%d", request->req_ident);

		// if the dpb needs to be extended at runtime to include items
		// in host variables, do so here; this assumes that there is
		// always a request generated for runtime variables

		if (request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
		{
			if (request->req_length)
				printa(column, "%s = isc_%d;", s2, request->req_ident);
			else
				printa(column, "%s = (char*) 0;", s2);

			printa(column,
				   "isc_expand_dpb (&%s, &%s, isc_dpb_user_name, %s, isc_dpb_password, %s, isc_dpb_sql_role_name, %s, isc_dpb_lc_messages, %s, isc_dpb_lc_ctype, %s, 0);",
				   s2, s1, db->dbb_r_user ? db->dbb_r_user : "(char*) 0",
				   db->dbb_r_password ? db->dbb_r_password : "(char*) 0",
				   db->dbb_r_sql_role ? db->dbb_r_sql_role : "(char*) 0",
				   db->dbb_r_lc_messages ? db->dbb_r_lc_messages : "(char*) 0",
				   db->dbb_r_lc_ctype ? db->dbb_r_lc_ctype : "(char*) 0");
		}
	}

	// generate the attach database itself

	const TEXT* dpb_size_ptr = "(short) 0";
	const TEXT* dpb_ptr = "(char*) 0";

	align(column);
	if (filename)
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "isc_attach_database (%s, 0, %s, &%s, %s, %s);",
				   vector, filename, db->dbb_name->sym_string,
				   (request ? s1 : dpb_size_ptr), (request ? s2 : dpb_ptr));
	else
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file,
				   "isc_attach_database (%s, 0, \"%s\", &%s, %s, %s);",
				   vector, db->dbb_filename, db->dbb_name->sym_string,
				   (request ? s1 : dpb_size_ptr), (request ? s2 : dpb_ptr));

	// if the dpb was extended, free it here

	if (request && request->req_flags & REQ_extend_dpb)
	{
		if (request->req_length)
			printa(column, "if (%s != isc_%d)", s2, request->req_ident);
		printa(column + (request->req_length ? INDENT : 0), "isc_free ((char*) %s);", s2);

		// reset the length of the dpb

		printa(column, "%s = %d;", s1, request->req_length);
	}
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Print a fixed string at a particular column.
//

static void printa( int column, const char* string, ...)
{
	va_list ptr;

	va_start(ptr, string);
	align(column);
	vfprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, string, ptr);
	va_end(ptr);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Print a fixed string at a particular column.
//

static void printb( const TEXT* string, ...)
{
	va_list ptr;

	va_start(ptr, string);
	vfprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, string, ptr);
	va_end(ptr);
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the appropriate transaction handle.
//

static const TEXT* request_trans( const act* action, const gpre_req* request)
{

	if (action->act_type == ACT_open)
	{
		const TEXT* trname = ((open_cursor*) action->act_object)->opn_trans;
		if (!trname) {
			trname = gpreGlob.transaction_name;
		}
		return trname;
	}

	return request ? request->req_trans : gpreGlob.transaction_name;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate the appropriate status vector parameter for a gds
//		call depending on where or not the action has an error clause.
//

static const TEXT* status_vector( const act* action)
{

	if (action && (action->act_error || (action->act_flags & ACT_sql)))
		return global_status_name;

	return NULL_STATUS;
}


//____________________________________________________________
//
//		Generate substitution text for START_TRANSACTION.
//		The complications include the fact that all databases
//		must be readied, and that everything should stop if
//		any thing fails so we don't trash the status vector.
//

static void t_start_auto(const act* action,
						 const gpre_req* request,
						 const TEXT* vector,
						 int column,
						 bool test)
{
	const TEXT* trname = request_trans(action, request);

	// find out whether we're using a status vector or not

	const int stat = !strcmp(vector, global_status_name);

	// this is a default transaction, make sure all databases are ready

	begin(column);

	const gpre_dbb* db;
	int count;

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
	{
	    TEXT buffer[256];
		buffer[0] = 0;
		for (count = 0, db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next, count++)
		{
		    const TEXT* filename = db->dbb_runtime;
			if (filename || !(db->dbb_flags & DBB_sqlca))
			{
				align(column);
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, "if (!%s", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
				if (stat && buffer[0])
					fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, " && !%s [1]", vector);
				fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ")");
				make_ready(db, filename, vector, (USHORT) (column + INDENT), 0);
				if (buffer[0])
					strcat(buffer, " && ");
				strcat(buffer, db->dbb_name->sym_string);
			}
		}
		if (!buffer[0])
			strcpy(buffer, "1");
		if (test)
			printa(column, "if (%s && !%s)", buffer, trname);
		else
			printa(column, "if (%s)", buffer);
		column += INDENT;
	}
	else
		for (count = 0, db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next, count++)
			; // empty loop body

	printa(column, "isc_start_transaction (%s, (FB_API_HANDLE*) &%s, (short) %d",
		   vector, trname, count);

	// Some systems don't like infinitely long lines.  Limit them to 256.

	int remaining = static_cast<int>(256 - column - strlen(vector) - strlen(trname) - 31);

	for (db = gpreGlob.isc_databases; db; db = db->dbb_next)
	{
		const int length = static_cast<int>(strlen(db->dbb_name->sym_string) + 17);
		if (length > remaining)
		{
			align(column + INDENT);
			remaining = 256 - column - INDENT;
		}
		remaining -= length;
		fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ", &%s, (short) 0, (char*) 0", db->dbb_name->sym_string);
	}

	fprintf(gpreGlob.out_file, ");");

	if (gpreGlob.sw_auto)
		column -= INDENT;

	endp(column);
}