docs: Add Cloud Run and Node JS connector examples

examples/cloudrun/README.md

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+# Node.js Samples for Cloud Run
+
+This directory contains samples demonstrating how to connect to Cloud SQL from Cloud Run using various Node.js ORMs and the [Cloud SQL Node.js Connector](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-sql-nodejs-connector).
+
+## Available Samples
+
+*   [Knex.js](./knex)
+*   [Prisma](./prisma)
+*   [Sequelize](./sequelize)
+*   [TypeORM](./typeorm)
+
+Each ORM directory contains subdirectories for supported databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server), and each example includes implementations in:
+*   CommonJS (`.cjs`)
+*   ES Modules (`.mjs`)
+*   TypeScript (`.ts`)
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+1.  A Google Cloud Project with billing enabled.
+2.  A Cloud SQL instance.
+3.  A Cloud Run service account with the `Cloud SQL Client` IAM role.
+4.  For IAM Authentication, the service account must be added as a database user.
+
+## Deployment
+
+Refer to the `README.md` in each ORM directory for specific deployment instructions.

examples/cloudrun/knex/README.md

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+# Connecting Cloud Run to Cloud SQL with the Node.js Connector
+
+This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough of how to connect a Cloud Run service to a Cloud SQL instance using the Cloud SQL Node.js Connector. It covers connecting to instances with both public and private IP addresses and demonstrates how to handle database credentials securely.
+
+## Develop a Node.js Application
+
+The following Node.js applications demonstrate how to connect to a Cloud SQL instance using the Cloud SQL Node.js Connector.
+
+### `mysql2/index.cjs` and `pg/index.mjs`
+
+These files contain the core application logic for connecting to a Cloud SQL for MySQL or PostgreSQL instance. They provide two separate authentication methods, each exposed at a different route:
+- `/`: Password-based authentication
+- `/iam`: IAM-based authentication
+
+### `tedious/index.ts`
+
+This file contains the core application logic for connecting to a Cloud SQL for SQL Server instance. It uses the `cloud-sql-nodejs-connector` to create a database connection pool with password-based authentication at the `/` route.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+>
+> Cloud SQL for SQL Server does not support IAM database authentication.
+
+## Lazy Instantiation
+
+In a Cloud Run service, global variables are initialized when the container instance starts up. The application instance then handles subsequent requests until the container is spun down.
+
+The `Connector` and `knex` objects are defined as global variables (initially set to `null`) and are lazily instantiated (created only when needed) inside the request handlers.
+
+This approach offers several benefits:
+
+1.  **Faster Startup:** By deferring initialization until the first request, the Cloud Run service can start listening for requests almost immediately, reducing cold start latency.
+2.  **Resource Efficiency:** Expensive operations, like establishing background connections or fetching secrets, are only performed when actually required.
+3.  **Connection Reuse:** Once initialized, the global `Connector` and `knex` instances are reused for all subsequent requests to that container instance. This prevents the overhead of creating new connections for every request and avoids hitting connection limits.
+
+## IAM Authentication Prerequisites
+
+For IAM authentication to work, you must ensure two things:
+
+1.  **The Cloud Run service's service account has the `Cloud SQL Client` role.** You can grant this role with the following command:
+    ```bash
+    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID \
+        --member="serviceAccount:SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL" \
+        --role="roles/cloudsql.client"
+    ```
+    Replace `PROJECT_ID` with your Google Cloud project ID and `SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL` with the email of the service account your Cloud Run service is using.
+
+2.  **The service account is added as a database user to your Cloud SQL instance.** You can do this with the following command:
+    ```bash
+    gcloud sql users create SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL \
+        --instance=INSTANCE_NAME \
+        --type=cloud_iam_user
+    ```
+    Replace `SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL` with the same service account email and `INSTANCE_NAME` with your Cloud SQL instance name.
+
+## Deploy the Application to Cloud Run
+
+Follow these steps to deploy the application to Cloud Run.
+
+### Build and Push the Docker Image
+
+1.  **Enable the Artifact Registry API:**
+
+    ```bash
+    gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com
+    ```
+
+2.  **Create an Artifact Registry repository:**
+
+    ```bash
+    gcloud artifacts repositories create REPO_NAME \
+      --repository-format=docker \
+      --location=REGION
+    ```
+
+3.  **Configure Docker to authenticate with Artifact Registry:**
+
+    ```bash
+    gcloud auth configure-docker REGION-docker.pkg.dev
+    ```
+
+4.  **Build the Docker image (replace `mysql2` with `pg` or `tedious` as needed):**
+
+    ```bash
+    docker build -t REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME mysql2
+    ```
+
+5.  **Push the Docker image to Artifact Registry:**
+
+    ```bash
+    docker push REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME
+    ```
+
+### Deploy to Cloud Run
+
+Deploy the container image to Cloud Run using the `gcloud run deploy` command.
+
+**Sample Values:**
+*   `SERVICE_NAME`: `my-cloud-run-service`
+*   `REGION`: `us-central1`
+*   `PROJECT_ID`: `my-gcp-project-id`
+*   `REPO_NAME`: `my-artifact-repo`
+*   `IMAGE_NAME`: `my-app-image`
+*   `INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME`: `my-gcp-project-id:us-central1:my-instance-name`
+*   `DB_USER`: `my-db-user` (for password-based authentication)
+*   `DB_IAM_USER`: `my-service-account@my-gcp-project-id.iam.gserviceaccount.com` (for IAM-based authentication)
+*   `DB_NAME`: `my-db-name`
+*   `DB_PASSWORD`: `my-user-pass-name`
+*   `VPC_NETWORK`: `my-vpc-network`
+*   `SUBNET_NAME`: `my-vpc-subnet`
+
+**For MySQL and PostgreSQL (Public IP):**
+
+```bash
+gcloud run deploy SERVICE_NAME \
+  --image=REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME \
+  --set-env-vars=DB_USER=DB_USER,DB_IAM_USER=DB_IAM_USER,DB_NAME=DB_NAME,INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME \
+  --region=REGION \
+  --update-secrets=DB_PASSWORD=DB_PASSWORD:latest
+```
+
+**For MySQL and PostgreSQL (Private IP):**
+
+```bash
+gcloud run deploy SERVICE_NAME \
+  --image=REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME \
+  --set-env-vars=DB_USER=DB_USER,DB_IAM_USER=DB_IAM_USER,DB_NAME=DB_NAME,INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME,IP_TYPE=PRIVATE \
+  --network=VPC_NETWORK \
+  --subnet=SUBNET_NAME \
+  --vpc-egress=private-ranges-only \
+  --region=REGION \
+  --update-secrets=DB_PASSWORD=DB_PASSWORD:latest
+```
+
+**For SQL Server (Public IP):**
+
+```bash
+gcloud run deploy SERVICE_NAME \
+  --image=REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME \
+  --set-env-vars=DB_USER=DB_USER,DB_NAME=DB_NAME,INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME \
+  --region=REGION \
+  --update-secrets=DB_PASSWORD=DB_PASSWORD:latest
+```
+
+**For SQL Server (Private IP):**
+
+```bash
+gcloud run deploy SERVICE_NAME \
+  --image=REGION-docker.pkg.dev/PROJECT_ID/REPO_NAME/IMAGE_NAME \
+  --set-env-vars=DB_USER=DB_USER,DB_NAME=DB_NAME,INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME,IP_TYPE=PRIVATE \
+  --network=VPC_NETWORK \
+  --subnet=SUBNET_NAME \
+  --vpc-egress=private-ranges-only \
+  --region=REGION \
+  --update-secrets=DB_PASSWORD=DB_PASSWORD:latest
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> **`For PSC connections`**
+>
+> To connect to the Cloud SQL instance with PSC connection type, create a PSC endpoint, a DNS zone and DNS record for the instance in the same VPC network as the Cloud Run service and replace the `IP_TYPE` in the deploy command with `PSC`. To configure DNS records, refer to [Connect to an instance using Private Service Connect](https://docs.cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/configure-private-service-connect) guide

examples/cloudrun/knex/mysql2/Dockerfile

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+# Use the official Node.js image.
+# https://hub.docker.com/_/node
+FROM node:25-slim
+
+# Create and change to the app directory.
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Copy application dependency manifests to the container image.
+# A wildcard is used to ensure both package.json AND package-lock.json are copied.
+# Copying this separately prevents re-running npm install on every code change.
+COPY package*.json ./
+
+# Install production dependencies.
+# If you add a package-lock.json speed your build by switching to 'npm ci'.
+# RUN npm ci --only=production
+RUN npm install --omit=dev
+
+# Copy local code to the container image.
+COPY . .
+
+# Run the web service on container startup.
+CMD ["node", "index.cjs"]

examples/cloudrun/knex/mysql2/index.cjs

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+// Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+const express = require('express');
+const {Connector, IpAddressTypes} = require('@google-cloud/cloud-sql-connector');
+const knex = require('knex');
+
+const app = express();
+
+// set up rate limiter: maximum of five requests per minute
+const RateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
+const limiter = RateLimit({
+  // 15 minutes
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000,
+  // max 100 requests per windowMs
+  max: 100,
+});
+
+// apply rate limiter to all requests
+app.use(limiter);
+
+// Connector and connection pools are initialized as null to allow for lazy instantiation.
+// Lazy instantiation is a best practice for Cloud Run applications because it allows
+// the application to start faster and only initialize connections when they are needed.
+// This is especially important in serverless environments where applications may be
+// started and stopped frequently.
+let connector = null;
+let passwordPool = null;
+let iamPool = null;
+
+// Helper to get the IP type enum from string
+function getIpType(ipTypeStr) {
+  const ipType = ipTypeStr || 'PUBLIC';
+  if (ipType === 'PRIVATE') {
+    return IpAddressTypes.PRIVATE;
+  } else if (ipType === 'PSC') {
+    return IpAddressTypes.PSC;
+  } else {
+    return IpAddressTypes.PUBLIC;
+  }
+}
+
+// Function to create a database connection pool using IAM authentication
+async function createIamConnectionPool() {
+  const instanceConnectionName = process.env.INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME;
+  // IAM service account email
+  const dbUser = process.env.DB_IAM_USER;
+  const dbName = process.env.DB_NAME;
+  const ipType = getIpType(process.env.IP_TYPE);
+
+  // Creates a new connector object.
+  if (!connector) {
+    connector = new Connector();
+  }
+
+  // Get the connection options for the Cloud SQL instance.
+  const clientOpts = await connector.getOptions({
+    instanceConnectionName,
+    ipType: ipType,
+    authType: 'IAM',
+  });
+
+  // Create a new knex connection pool.
+  return knex({
+    client: 'mysql2',
+    connection: {
+      ...clientOpts,
+      user: dbUser,
+      database: dbName,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+// Function to create a database connection pool using password authentication
+async function createPasswordConnectionPool() {
+  const instanceConnectionName = process.env.INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME;
+  // Database username
+  const dbUser = process.env.DB_USER;
+  const dbName = process.env.DB_NAME;
+  const dbPassword = process.env.DB_PASSWORD;
+  const ipType = getIpType(process.env.IP_TYPE);
+
+  // Creates a new connector object.
+  if (!connector) {
+    connector = new Connector();
+  }
+
+  // Get the connection options for the Cloud SQL instance.
+  const clientOpts = await connector.getOptions({
+    instanceConnectionName,
+    ipType: ipType,
+  });
+
+  // Create a new knex connection pool.
+  return knex({
+    client: 'mysql2',
+    connection: {
+      ...clientOpts,
+      user: dbUser,
+      password: dbPassword,
+      database: dbName,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+// Helper to get or create the password pool
+async function getPasswordConnectionPool() {
+  if (!passwordPool) {
+    passwordPool = await createPasswordConnectionPool();
+  }
+  return passwordPool;
+}
+
+// Helper to get or create the IAM pool
+async function getIamConnectionPool() {
+  if (!iamPool) {
+    iamPool = await createIamConnectionPool();
+  }
+  return iamPool;
+}
+
+app.get('/', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const db = await getPasswordConnectionPool();
+    // Use knex to run a simple query
+    const result = await db.raw('SELECT 1');
+    // Knex raw result for mysql2 is [rows, fields]
+    res.send(`Database connection successful (password authentication), result: ${JSON.stringify(result[0])}`);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+    res.status(500).send(`Error connecting to the database (password authentication): ${err.message}`);
+  }
+});
+
+app.get('/iam', async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const db = await getIamConnectionPool();
+    const result = await db.raw('SELECT 1');
+    res.send(`Database connection successful (IAM authentication), result: ${JSON.stringify(result[0])}`);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+    res.status(500).send(`Error connecting to the database (IAM authentication): ${err.message}`);
+  }
+});
+
+const port = parseInt(process.env.PORT) || 8080;
+app.listen(port, () => {
+  console.log(`Server running on port ${port}`);
+});

examples/cloudrun/knex/mysql2/package.json

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+{
+  "name": "knex-mysql-cloudrun",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Knex MySQL example for Cloud Run (CommonJS)",
+  "main": "index.cjs",
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "node index.cjs"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@google-cloud/cloud-sql-connector": "^1.8.4",
+    "express": "^5.1.0",
+    "knex": "^3.1.0",
+    "mysql2": "^3.15.2",
+    "express-rate-limit": "8.2.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+  }
+}