Add content from: What the Miasma Campaign Reveals About the New Supply Chain ...

Author: HackTricks News Bot

src/pentesting-ci-cd/github-security/abusing-github-actions/README.md

@@ -745,6 +745,43 @@ import base64,os;exec(base64.b64decode(os.environ["STAGE2_B64"]))
 
 Drop the line above into a file such as `evil.pth` inside `site-packages` and it will execute during Python startup. This is especially useful in build agents that continuously spawn Python tooling (`pip`, linters, test runners, release scripts).
 
+#### `binding.gyp` / node-gyp execution (`Phantom Gyp`)
+
+Not every install-time execution path lives in `package.json` lifecycle hooks. `node-gyp`'s `configure` step looks for a `binding.gyp` file in the package directory, so a compromised publisher can shift execution into the native build path and bypass controls that only audit `preinstall` / `postinstall`.
+
+Practical implications during an assessment:
+
+- Inspect the **published tarball**, not only the Git repo, for unexpected `binding.gyp`, `node-gyp`, or native-addon metadata in packages that should be pure JavaScript.
+- Treat a sudden `binding.gyp` addition as an **execution primitive**, especially if defenders rely on lifecycle-hook monitoring or `--ignore-scripts` as their main intake control.
+- Review release jobs that run `npm install`, `npm rebuild`, or other dependency build steps after restoring untrusted artifacts/caches, because a poisoned package can move execution to the native-build path.
+
+#### Wormable npm publishing from CI / stolen maintainer identities
+
+Once code runs in a maintainer workstation or release workflow, a single stolen registry identity can be turned into **self-propagating package compromise**:
+
+1. Harvest maintainer secrets (`~/.npmrc`, PATs, OIDC request env vars, cloud creds, SSH keys).
+2. Enumerate which packages the compromised identity or team can publish to.
+3. Republish malicious versions across each writable package so downstream `npm install` executions create more credential-generation nodes.
+
+This becomes more dangerous when the release workflow uses **trusted publishing**: if the attacker steals the GitHub Actions OIDC material from a job with `id-token: write`, the poisoned release can still receive **valid provenance** because the legitimate workflow really built it. Provenance answers _which workflow built this artifact_, not _whether the workflow/source tree was clean_.
+
+Useful checks:
+
+- Look for workflows that combine `id-token: write` with `npm publish`, `changesets`, or release bots and **do not require a human approval step**.
+- Check whether the compromised identity can enumerate org/team package access (for example with `npm access ls-packages`) and whether package publishing bypasses 2FA.
+- Add friction to the propagation loop with **staged publishing** / human 2FA approval and `minimumReleaseAge` quarantine before consuming newly published versions.
+
+#### Repository-local AI assistant persistence
+
+A compromised publisher or repo writer does not need to stop at install-time execution. Another persistence layer is to commit **assistant instruction/config files** into the repository so the next developer who opens the project feeds attacker-controlled instructions into local tooling. High-signal paths include:
+
+- `.claude/settings.json`
+- `.cursor/rules`
+- `.gemini/`
+- editor/IDE task or settings files that steer AI helpers
+
+This is useful after CI compromise because the attacker can push those files with a stolen maintainer token, and the trigger later becomes **repository open / assistant load** instead of `npm install`. During reviews, diff for new assistant-policy files with the same suspicion level as new workflow files or build scripts.
+
 #### Alternate exfil when outbound traffic is filtered
 
 If direct exfiltration is blocked but the workflow still has a write-capable `GITHUB_TOKEN`, the runner can abuse GitHub itself as the transport:
@@ -958,8 +995,12 @@ An organization in GitHub is very proactive in reporting accounts to GitHub. All
 - [A Survey of 2024–2025 Open-Source Supply-Chain Compromises and Their Root Causes](https://words.filippo.io/compromise-survey/)
 - [Weaponizing the Protectors: TeamPCP’s Multi-Stage Supply Chain Attack on Security Infrastructure](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/teampcp-supply-chain-attacks/)
 - [Mini Shai-Hulud: Frequently asked questions about the TeamPCP npm and PyPI supply chain campaign](https://www.tenable.com/blog/mini-shai-hulud-frequently-asked-questions)
+- [What the Miasma campaign reveals about the new supply chain threat model and the underground market for developer credentials](https://www.tenable.com/blog/what-the-miasma-campaign-reveals-about-the-new-supply-chain-threat-model-and-the-underground)
 - [Events that trigger workflows - GitHub Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/events-that-trigger-workflows)
 - [Trusted publishing for npm packages | npm Docs](https://docs.npmjs.com/trusted-publishers/)
+- [Staged publishing for npm packages | npm Docs](https://docs.npmjs.com/staged-publishing/)
 - [Generating provenance statements | npm Docs](https://docs.npmjs.com/generating-provenance-statements/)
+- [npm orgs | npm Docs](https://docs.npmjs.com/using-npm/orgs.html)
+- [node-gyp README](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp)
 
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