diff --git a/lib/two_factor_authentication/models/two_factor_authenticatable.rb b/lib/two_factor_authentication/models/two_factor_authenticatable.rb
index 6d73a0fb..ab7dd8ee 100644
--- a/lib/two_factor_authentication/models/two_factor_authenticatable.rb
+++ b/lib/two_factor_authentication/models/two_factor_authenticatable.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def need_two_factor_authentication?(request)
         end
 
         def send_new_otp(options = {})
-          create_direct_otp options
+          create_direct_otp(options)
           send_two_factor_authentication_code(direct_otp)
         end
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def generate_totp_secret
         def create_direct_otp(options = {})
           # Create a new random OTP and store it in the database
           digits = options[:length] || self.class.direct_otp_length || 6
-          update_attributes(
+          update_columns(
             direct_otp: random_base10(digits),
             direct_otp_sent_at: Time.now.utc
           )
@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ def direct_otp_expired?
         end
 
         def clear_direct_otp
-          update_attributes(direct_otp: nil, direct_otp_sent_at: nil)
+          update_columns(
+            direct_otp: nil,
+            direct_otp_sent_at: nil
+          )
         end
       end