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Expand file tree Collapse file tree Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change 2020- 大多数分子速率接近某个中间值
2121- 速率很大和很小的分子都很少
2222
23- 速率分布函数图像呈** 倒钟形** 曲线,形状类似于正态分布曲线:
24-
25- ![ 麦克斯韦速率分布曲线] ( https://quickchart.io/chart?c=%7B%22type%22%3A%22line%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22labels%22%3A%5B%220%22%2C%22500%22%2C%221000%22%2C%221500%22%2C%222000%22%2C%222500%22%2C%223000%22%5D%2C%22datasets%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22f%28v%29%22%2C%22data%22%3A%5B0%2C0.8%2C1%2C0.6%2C0.2%2C0.05%2C0.01%5D%2C%22fill%22%3Atrue%2C%22borderColor%22%3A%22%234cc9f0%22%2C%22backgroundColor%22%3A%22rgba%2876%2C201%2C240%2C0.2%29%22%2C%22tension%22%3A0.4%7D%5D%7D%2C%22options%22%3A%7B%22title%22%3A%7B%22display%22%3Atrue%2C%22text%22%3A%22%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%22%7D%2C%22scales%22%3A%7B%22xAxis%22%3A%7B%22title%22%3A%7B%22display%22%3Atrue%2C%22text%22%3A%22%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87%20v%20%28m%2Fs%29%22%7D%7D%2C%22yAxis%22%3A%7B%22title%22%3A%7B%22display%22%3Atrue%2C%22text%22%3A%22f%28v%29%22%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D )
23+ 速率分布函数图像呈** 倒钟形** 曲线,形状类似于正态分布曲线.
2624
2725!!! note "速率分布规律"
2826 - 温度升高时,分子速率整体增大,分布曲线向右移动
3432
3533当温度改变时,速率分布曲线会发生变化:
3634
37- 
35+ ![ 不同温度下的速率分布曲线] ( imgs/P1-5-4.jpg )
3836
3937!!! note "不同温度下图线所围面积的关系"
40- ** 无论温度如何变化,速率分布曲线与横轴所围成的总面积始终等于1(即100%)。**
38+ ** 无论温度如何变化,速率分布曲线与横轴所围成的总面积始终等于总分子数。**
39+
40+ 如果图像纵轴变为“各速率区间的分子数占总分子数的百分数”,则速率分布曲线与横轴所围成的总面积始终等于1(即100%)。
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4242这一结论的物理意义:
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change 1313| 熔点 | 有确定的熔点 | 没有确定的熔点 |
1414
1515!!! note "晶体的分类"
16+
1617 晶体分为**单晶体**和**多晶体**:
18+
1719 - **单晶体**:由一个晶粒组成,具有规则外形(如食盐晶体、冰)
18- - ** 多晶体** :由多个晶粒组成,没有规则外形(如金属),但仍具有确定的熔点
20+
21+ - **多晶体**:由多个晶粒组成,没有规则外形(如金属),具有各向同性,但仍具有确定的熔点
1922
2023!!! example "常见的晶体"
2124 - ** 单晶体** :食盐、云母、冰、金刚石、单晶硅
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change @@ -48,10 +48,6 @@ $$T = t + 273.15 \text{ K}$$
4848!!! note "理想气体温标"
4949 理想气体温标利用气体压强或体积随温度变化的线性关系定义温度,与气体种类无关,是一种科学的温标。
5050
51- ### 热力学第一定律
52-
53- 温度、压强、体积是描述气体状态的三个基本参量,它们之间的关系由** 理想气体状态方程** 决定。
54-
5551???+ question "自我评价"
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5753 1. 判断:温度是物体分子平均动能的标志。( )
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change 1313### 实验装置
1414
1515实验装置包括:
16+
1617- ** 注射器** :改变气体体积
18+
1719- ** 压强传感器** :测量气体压强
20+
1821- ** 温度传感器** :监测气体温度(保持不变)
22+
1923- ** 数据采集器** :记录数据
2024
2125### 实验步骤
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