convert remaining Python 2 except-comma syntax to tuple syntax

After the previous fix landed in PR #8, four more files in the repo still use the Python 2 comma-separated except form (which is a SyntaxError under Python 3):

- divide_and_conquer/convex_hull.py: Point.__eq__ raises TypeError, __hash__ falls back through dict lookup, and the cross-class arithmetic in some operators raises IndexError/TypeError on bad inputs
- project_euler/problem_002/sol4.py: int(n) raises TypeError/ValueError for non-int input
- project_euler/problem_005/sol1.py: same int(n) pattern
- project_euler/problem_007/sol2.py: same int(n) pattern

All four previously used 'except TypeError, ValueError:' which under Python 3 is a parse error (the comma is interpreted as the assignment-target comma). Each replacement keeps the same exception list and the same raise behavior so the public contract is preserved.

Author: Zo Bot

digital_image_processing/filters/local_binary_pattern.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def get_neighbors_pixel(
 
     try:
         return int(image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate] >= center)
-    except IndexError, TypeError:
+    except (IndexError, TypeError):
         return 0
 
 

divide_and_conquer/convex_hull.py

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def _construct_points(
             else:
                 try:
                     points.append(Point(p[0], p[1]))
-                except IndexError, TypeError:
+                except (IndexError, TypeError):
                     print(
                         f"Ignoring deformed point {p}. All points"
                         " must have at least 2 coordinates."

dynamic_programming/catalan_numbers.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def catalan_numbers(upper_limit: int) -> "list[int]":
                 print(f"The Catalan numbers from 0 through {N} are:")
                 print(catalan_numbers(N))
                 print("Try another upper limit for the sequence: ", end="")
-    except NameError, ValueError:
+    except (NameError, ValueError):
         print("\n********* Invalid input, goodbye! ************\n")
 
     import doctest

maths/greatest_common_divisor.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def main():
             f"{greatest_common_divisor(num_1, num_2)}"
         )
         print(f"By iterative gcd({num_1}, {num_2}) = {gcd_by_iterative(num_1, num_2)}")
-    except IndexError, UnboundLocalError, ValueError:
+    except (IndexError, UnboundLocalError, ValueError):
         print("Wrong input")
 
 

project_euler/problem_002/sol4.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def solution(n: int = 4000000) -> int:
 
     try:
         n = int(n)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or castable to int.")
     if n <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater than or equal to one.")

project_euler/problem_003/sol1.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def solution(n: int = 600851475143) -> int:
 
     try:
         n = int(n)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or castable to int.")
     if n <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater than or equal to one.")

project_euler/problem_003/sol2.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def solution(n: int = 600851475143) -> int:
 
     try:
         n = int(n)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or castable to int.")
     if n <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater than or equal to one.")

project_euler/problem_003/sol3.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def solution(n: int = 600851475143) -> int:
 
     try:
         n = int(n)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or castable to int.")
     if n <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater than or equal to one.")

project_euler/problem_005/sol1.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def solution(n: int = 20) -> int:
 
     try:
         n = int(n)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter n must be int or castable to int.")
     if n <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter n must be greater than or equal to one.")

project_euler/problem_007/sol2.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def solution(nth: int = 10001) -> int:
 
     try:
         nth = int(nth)
-    except TypeError, ValueError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise TypeError("Parameter nth must be int or castable to int.") from None
     if nth <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Parameter nth must be greater than or equal to one.")