refactor(rating): Improved code quality and architecture (#2171)

* refactor(rating): Improved code quality and architecture

- Replaced `guard` directive with propery `updated`
lifecycle method to handle the projected symbols update.
- Use the internal slot controller for managing the projected symbols.
- Replaced the generator-based rendering with a more efficient
`repeat` + `range` DOM diffing when `max` changes.
- The component now follows the project code style and architecture guidelines.
- Improved JSDoc description, added slot entries and annotated
example usage.

Author: rkaraivanov