fix: handle broadcast allocation for range-backed QuantityArray

[MilesCranmerBot]

Fixes #217.

Summary

• allocate plain arrays when broadcasting over range-backed QuantityArrays into non-range element types
• preserve the existing fallback for array-like backends such as StaticArrays
• add a regression test for broadcasting over a StepRangeLen-backed QuantityArray

Testing

• /usr/local/bin/julia --project=. -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.test()'

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results (Julia v1.10)

Time benchmarks

	main	1953e8d...	main / 1953e8d...
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x)	3.41 ± 0.001 ns	3.41 ± 0.001 ns	1 ± 0.00042
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x, length=y)	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	4.02 ± 0.87 ns	0.771 ± 0.17
Quantity/with_numbers/*real	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	1 ± 0.0046
Quantity/with_numbers/^int	8.05 ± 2.2 ns	8.05 ± 2.2 ns	1 ± 0.38
Quantity/with_numbers/^int * real	8.36 ± 2.2 ns	8.36 ± 2.2 ns	1 ± 0.37
Quantity/with_quantity/+y	4.04 ± 0.001 ns	4.04 ± 0.001 ns	1 ± 0.00035
Quantity/with_quantity//y	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	1 ± 0.0046
Quantity/with_self/dimension	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	3.1 ± 0.01 ns	1 ± 0.0046
Quantity/with_self/inv	3.11 ± 0.01 ns	3.11 ± 0.01 ns	1 ± 0.0046
Quantity/with_self/ustrip	2.79 ± 0 ns	2.79 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_array_of_quantities	0.143 ± 0.0055 ms	0.143 ± 0.0034 ms	1 ± 0.045
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_normal_array	0.0516 ± 0.0031 ms	0.0527 ± 0.003 ms	0.979 ± 0.081
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_quantity_array	0.155 ± 0.00089 ms	0.155 ± 0.0086 ms	0.998 ± 0.055
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_array_of_quantities	24.6 ± 3 μs	23.5 ± 2.1 μs	1.04 ± 0.16
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_normal_array	5.12 ± 0.84 μs	4.75 ± 0.79 μs	1.08 ± 0.25
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_quantity_array	6.93 ± 0.29 μs	6.94 ± 0.29 μs	0.999 ± 0.059
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_array_of_quantities	0.0815 ± 0.0037 ms	0.0817 ± 0.00073 ms	0.998 ± 0.046
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_normal_array	0.0492 ± 0.0031 ms	0.048 ± 0.0031 ms	1.02 ± 0.092
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_quantity_array	0.0502 ± 0.0031 ms	0.05 ± 0.00022 ms	1 ± 0.062
time_to_load	0.209 ± 0.0016 s	0.207 ± 0.0024 s	1.01 ± 0.014

Memory benchmarks

	main	1953e8d...	main / 1953e8d...
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x)	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x, length=y)	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/*real	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/^int	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/^int * real	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_quantity/+y	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_quantity//y	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/dimension	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/inv	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/ustrip	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_array_of_quantities	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_normal_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_quantity_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_array_of_quantities	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_normal_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_quantity_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_array_of_quantities	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	2 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_normal_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_quantity_array	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	2 allocs: 0.0763 MB	1
time_to_load	0.153 k allocs: 14.5 kB	0.153 k allocs: 14.5 kB	1

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results (Julia v1)

Time benchmarks

	main	1953e8d...	main / 1953e8d...
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x)	2.31 ± 0.002 ns	2.31 ± 0.002 ns	0.999 ± 0.0012
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x, length=y)	2.33 ± 0.11 ns	2.6 ± 0.003 ns	0.893 ± 0.041
Quantity/with_numbers/*real	2.62 ± 0.002 ns	2.62 ± 0.036 ns	0.998 ± 0.014
Quantity/with_numbers/^int	12.6 ± 1.2 ns	12.6 ± 1.2 ns	0.999 ± 0.13
Quantity/with_numbers/^int * real	11.8 ± 1.4 ns	12.3 ± 1.2 ns	0.955 ± 0.15
Quantity/with_quantity/+y	4.04 ± 0.002 ns	3.89 ± 0.003 ns	1.04 ± 0.00095
Quantity/with_quantity//y	2.31 ± 0.002 ns	2.32 ± 0.002 ns	1 ± 0.0012
Quantity/with_self/dimension	2.6 ± 0.002 ns	2.03 ± 0.004 ns	1.28 ± 0.0027
Quantity/with_self/inv	2.31 ± 0.002 ns	2.32 ± 0.29 ns	0.999 ± 0.12
Quantity/with_self/ustrip	2.33 ± 0.014 ns	2.31 ± 0.001 ns	1.01 ± 0.0061
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_array_of_quantities	0.121 ± 0.013 ms	0.12 ± 0.013 ms	1.01 ± 0.15
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_normal_array	0.0496 ± 0.0032 ms	0.0493 ± 0.0029 ms	1.01 ± 0.088
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_quantity_array	0.0521 ± 0.0028 ms	0.0526 ± 0.0029 ms	0.991 ± 0.076
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_array_of_quantities	0.0374 ± 0.02 ms	0.0378 ± 0.011 ms	0.99 ± 0.61
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_normal_array	4 ± 4 μs	4.04 ± 3.8 μs	0.991 ± 1.4
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_quantity_array	4.94 ± 0.47 μs	6.2 ± 0.41 μs	0.796 ± 0.092
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_array_of_quantities	0.0934 ± 0.01 ms	0.0939 ± 0.0081 ms	0.995 ± 0.14
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_normal_array	0.0449 ± 0.002 ms	0.0454 ± 0.0018 ms	0.99 ± 0.059
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_quantity_array	0.0454 ± 0.0024 ms	0.0452 ± 0.0022 ms	1 ± 0.071
time_to_load	0.185 ± 0.002 s	0.183 ± 0.002 s	1.01 ± 0.016

Memory benchmarks

	main	1953e8d...	main / 1953e8d...
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x)	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/creation/Quantity(x, length=y)	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/*real	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/^int	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_numbers/^int * real	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_quantity/+y	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_quantity//y	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/dimension	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/inv	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
Quantity/with_self/ustrip	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_array_of_quantities	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_normal_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/multi_quantity_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_array_of_quantities	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_normal_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^2_quantity_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_array_of_quantities	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	3 allocs: 0.382 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_normal_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
QuantityArray/broadcasting/x^4_quantity_array	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	3 allocs: 0.0764 MB	1
time_to_load	0.145 k allocs: 11 kB	0.145 k allocs: 11 kB	1

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.16%. Comparing base (0341715) to head (1953e8d).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #218   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.16%   99.16%           
=======================================
  Files          23       23           
  Lines        1320     1320           
=======================================
  Hits         1309     1309           
  Misses         11       11           

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