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co_simulation/CoSimulation_uml.png

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co_simulation/cosim_coupling.png

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multilevel_monte_carlo/use_cases/compressible_potential_flow/README.md

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**Kratos version:** 8.1
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**XMC version:** 2.0
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**XMC version:** Kratos default version
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**PyCOMPSs version:** 2.7
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**PyCOMPSs version:** Kratos default version to run in serial, >2.8 to run with `runcompss`
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**Source files:** [Asynchronous Monte Carlo and Asynchronous Multilevel Monte Carlo](source)
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**Application dependencies:** `CompressiblePotentialFlowApplication`, `LinearSolversApplications`, `MappingApplication`, `MeshingApplication`, `MultilevelMonteCarloApplication`
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## Case Specification
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We solve the [compressible potential flow problem](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Kratos/blob/master/applications/CompressiblePotentialFlowApplication/python_scripts/potential_flow_analysis.py) around an airfoil NACA0012. The problem is characterized by stochastic angle of attack <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\alpha\sim\mathcal{N}(5.0,0.05)"> and stochastic Mach number <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=M_{\infty}\sim\mathcal{N}(0.3,0.003)">.
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We solve the [compressible potential flow problem](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Kratos/blob/master/applications/CompressiblePotentialFlowApplication/python_scripts/potential_flow_analysis.py) around an airfoil NACA0012. The problem is characterized by stochastic angle of attack <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\alpha\sim\mathcal{N}(5.0,0.05)"> and stochastic Mach number <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=M_{\infty}\sim\mathcal{N}(0.3,0.003)">. The problem is presented in our work [1].
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The problem can be run with four different algorithms:
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## Results
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The pressure coefficient for the problem is shown next.
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![cpf_pressurecoeff](data/cpf_pressure.png)
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<img src="data/cpf_pressure.png" alt="pressure coefficient" width="500"/>
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The pressure coefficient risk measure <img src="https://render.githubusercontent.com/render/math?math=\mathbb{E}[C_p] \pm \sigma[C_p]"> is shown next.
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<img src="data/cpf_expvalue_pm_stddeviation.png" alt="pressure coefficient risk measure" width="500"/>
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The power sums and the h-statistics of both the lift coefficient and the pressure coefficient can be found [here](source/power_sums_outputs).
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The lift coefficient expected value is consistent with literature results [M. Davari, R. Rossi, P. Dadvand, I. López, R. W. (2019). A cut finite element method for the solution of the full-potential equation with an embedded wake. Comput Mech, 63(5), 821–833. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1624-3].
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The lift coefficient expected value is consistent with literature results [2].
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## References
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[1] Tosi, R., Amela, R., Badia, R., & Rossi, R. (2021). A parallel dynamic asynchronous framework for Uncertainty Quantification by hierarchical Monte Carlo algorithms. Journal of Scientific Computing, 89(28), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01598-6
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[2] M. Davari, R. Rossi, P. Dadvand, I. López, R. W. (2019). A cut finite element method for the solution of the full-potential equation with an embedded wake. Comput Mech, 63(5), 821–833. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-018-1624-3
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{
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"properties" : [{
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"model_part_name" : "model",
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"properties_id" : 1,
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"Material" : {
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"Variables" : {
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"DENSITY" : 1.225
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},
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"Tables" : {}
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}
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}]
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}
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multilevel_monte_carlo/use_cases/compressible_potential_flow/source/problem_settings/parameters_potential_naca_lev0.json

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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "problem_settings/naca0012Mesh4"
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},
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"material_import_settings": {
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"materials_filename": "problem_settings/materials.json"
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},
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"formulation" : {
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"element_type": "compressible"
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},

multilevel_monte_carlo/use_cases/compressible_potential_flow/source/problem_settings/parameters_potential_naca_lev1.json

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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "problem_settings/CPS_MONTECARLO_MeshInterpError1e-2"
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},
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"material_import_settings": {
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"materials_filename": "problem_settings/materials.json"
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},
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"formulation" : {
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"element_type": "compressible"
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},

multilevel_monte_carlo/use_cases/compressible_potential_flow/source/problem_settings/parameters_potential_naca_lev2.json

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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "problem_settings/CPS_MONTECARLO_MeshInterpError5e-3"
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},
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"material_import_settings": {
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"materials_filename": "problem_settings/materials.json"
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},
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"formulation" : {
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"element_type": "compressible"
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},

multilevel_monte_carlo/use_cases/compressible_potential_flow/source/problem_settings/parameters_refinement.json

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{
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"hessian_metric": {
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"metric": {
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"hessian_strategy_parameters" :{
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"metric_variable" : ["VELOCITY_X,VELOCITY_Y"],
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"estimate_interpolation_error" : false,
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"anisotropy_remeshing" : true,
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"enforce_anisotropy_relative_variable" : false
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},
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"refinement_mmg" : {
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"remeshing" : {
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"initialize_entities" : false,
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"echo_level" : 0
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}

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