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feat: add Criticism sections to remaining 12 contested anchors, batch 3 (#603)
Completes the Criticism candidates from the #603 triage. Each section follows the established convention: named critics, fetch-verified linked sources, report-the-discourse tone, alternatives named where the discourse names them. All sources were researched by six parallel agents with mandatory link verification before commit. Anchors: 4MAT, AIDA, Clean Architecture, CQRS, DRY, Freytag's Pyramid, GoF Design Patterns (overview), Hero's Journey, Jobs To Be Done, Kotter's 8-Step Change Model, MVP, Save the Cat. Highlights: the DRY authors' own concession ("a tiny and fairly trivial part"), Norvig's 16-of-23 finding with corrected attribution (Graham's "invisible or simpler" is a paraphrase), the JTBD Christensen-vs-Ulwick two-schools dispute, and Kotter's own Accelerate revision conceding the linearity. Refs #603 Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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docs/anchors/4mat.adoc

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@@ -47,4 +47,11 @@ Key Proponents:: Bernice McCarthy ("The 4MAT System: Teaching to Learning Styles
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* <<pyramid-principle,Pyramid Principle>> - Top-down structure for written communication; complements 4MAT which is experience-first
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* <<feynman-technique,Feynman Technique>> - Self-directed learning; 4MAT is teacher-directed instructional design
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* <<diataxis-framework,Diátaxis Framework>> - Documentation types (tutorial/how-to/reference/explanation) map loosely to 4MAT quadrants
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[discrete]
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== *Criticism*:
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* 4MAT rests on learning-styles theory, and the matching claim lacks empirical support: Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x["Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence"] (Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2008) found virtually no valid evidence that teaching matched to a diagnosed learning style improves outcomes
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* Paul Kirschner, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.006["Stop propagating the learning styles myth"] (Computers & Education, 2017) — nearly all studies claiming supporting evidence fail basic criteria of scientific validity
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* The common defense: 4MAT's Why/What/How/What-If cycle works as a lesson-*sequencing* device that every learner moves through — a reading that survives even when the underlying learning-styles claim is dropped
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docs/anchors/4mat.de.adoc

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* <<pyramid-principle,Pyramid Principle>> - Top-down-Struktur für schriftliche Kommunikation; ergänzt 4MAT, das erfahrungsorientiert beginnt
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* <<feynman-technique,Feynman Technique>> - Selbstgesteuertes Lernen; 4MAT ist lehrergesteuertes Instruktionsdesign
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* <<diataxis-framework,Diátaxis Framework>> - Dokumentationstypen (Tutorial/How-to/Reference/Explanation) entsprechen grob den 4MAT-Quadranten
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[discrete]
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== *Kritik*:
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* 4MAT fußt auf der Lernstil-Theorie, und deren Matching-These ist empirisch nicht gedeckt: Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x["Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence"] (Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2008) fanden praktisch keine validen Belege, dass auf diagnostizierte Lernstile zugeschnittener Unterricht die Ergebnisse verbessert
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* Paul Kirschner, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.006["Stop propagating the learning styles myth"] (Computers & Education, 2017) — fast alle Studien mit angeblichen Belegen scheitern an grundlegenden Kriterien wissenschaftlicher Validität
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* Die übliche Verteidigung: Der Why/What/How/What-If-Zyklus von 4MAT funktioniert als *Sequenzierungs*-Werkzeug, das jeder Lernende durchläuft — eine Lesart, die auch ohne die Lernstil-These trägt
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docs/anchors/aida-model.adoc

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* <<inverted-pyramid-style,Inverted Pyramid Style>> - News structure front-loads the full story; AIDA deliberately withholds the ask until Desire is built
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* <<pyramid-principle,Pyramid Principle>> - Logical top-down argument for clarity; AIDA is an emotional persuasion sequence for conversion
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* <<bluf,BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front)>> - Leads with the conclusion; the opposite move to AIDA, which earns the conclusion across four stages
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[discrete]
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== *Criticism*:
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* Robert Heath & Paul Feldwick, https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/fifty-years-using-the-wrong-model-of-advertising["Fifty years using the wrong model of advertising"] (International Journal of Market Research, 2008) — the rational, sequential persuasion model behind AIDA misrepresents how advertising actually works: largely through emotional, low-attention processing rather than attentive information processing
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* Demetrios Vakratsas & Tim Ambler, https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300103["How Advertising Works: What Do We Really Know?"] (Journal of Marketing, 1999) — reviewing over 250 studies, they found little empirical support for any fixed hierarchy of effects and recommended abandoning the hierarchy concept as a planning assumption
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* The model's age is part of the critique: AIDA originates around 1898, pre-dating formal marketing science, yet still dominates campaign planning — precisely the persistence Heath and Feldwick criticize
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docs/anchors/aida-model.de.adoc

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* <<inverted-pyramid-style,Inverted Pyramid Style>> - Die News-Struktur stellt die ganze Story nach vorn; AIDA hält den Aufruf bewusst zurück, bis Desire aufgebaut ist
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* <<pyramid-principle,Pyramid Principle>> - Logisches Top-down-Argument für Klarheit; AIDA ist eine emotionale Überzeugungssequenz für Conversion
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* <<bluf,BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front)>> - Beginnt mit dem Fazit; der Gegenzug zu AIDA, das das Fazit über vier Stufen erarbeitet
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[discrete]
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== *Kritik*:
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* Robert Heath & Paul Feldwick, https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/fifty-years-using-the-wrong-model-of-advertising["Fifty years using the wrong model of advertising"] (International Journal of Market Research, 2008) — das rationale, sequenzielle Überzeugungsmodell hinter AIDA verzerrt, wie Werbung tatsächlich wirkt: großteils über emotionale Verarbeitung bei niedriger Aufmerksamkeit statt über aufmerksame Informationsverarbeitung
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* Demetrios Vakratsas & Tim Ambler, https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300103["How Advertising Works: What Do We Really Know?"] (Journal of Marketing, 1999) — in der Auswertung von über 250 Studien fanden sie kaum empirische Belege für irgendeine feste Wirkungshierarchie und empfahlen, das Hierarchie-Konzept als Planungsannahme aufzugeben
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* Das Alter des Modells ist Teil der Kritik: AIDA stammt von etwa 1898, vor der formalen Marketingwissenschaft — und dominiert dennoch die Kampagnenplanung; genau diese Beharrungskraft kritisieren Heath und Feldwick
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docs/anchors/clean-architecture.adoc

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* Systems requiring long-term maintainability
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* When team size and turnover are high
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* Projects where business rules must be protected from technology changes
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[discrete]
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== *Criticism*:
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* Jimmy Bogard, https://www.jimmybogard.com/vertical-slice-architecture/["Vertical Slice Architecture"] (2018) — calls the "traditional layered/onion/clean architecture" monolithic in its approach and appropriate for only a minority of requests, criticizing mock-heavy tests and abstractions "around concepts that really shouldn't be abstracted"; his alternative is <<vertical-slice-architecture,Vertical Slice Architecture>>
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* Derek Comartin, https://codeopinion.com/clean-architecture-and-indirection-no-thanks/["'Clean Architecture' and indirection. No thanks."] (CodeOpinion) — dismisses canonical Clean Architecture examples as "useless indirection": the layering adds cost without paying for itself in typical systems
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* The critiques converge: the dependency rule imposes a fixed indirection tax on every feature, while most changes cut across all layers anyway — the coupling Vertical Slice Architecture organizes around instead
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docs/anchors/clean-architecture.de.adoc

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* Systeme, die langfristige Wartbarkeit erfordern
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* Wenn Teamgröße und Fluktuation hoch sind
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* Projekte, bei denen Geschäftsregeln vor Technologieänderungen geschützt werden müssen
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== *Kritik*:
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* Jimmy Bogard, https://www.jimmybogard.com/vertical-slice-architecture/["Vertical Slice Architecture"] (2018) — nennt die "traditionelle Layered/Onion/Clean Architecture" monolithisch im Ansatz und nur für eine Minderheit der Requests angemessen; er kritisiert mock-lastige Tests und Abstraktionen "um Konzepte, die nicht abstrahiert gehören"; seine Alternative ist <<vertical-slice-architecture,Vertical Slice Architecture>>
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* Derek Comartin, https://codeopinion.com/clean-architecture-and-indirection-no-thanks/["'Clean Architecture' and indirection. No thanks."] (CodeOpinion) — tut kanonische Clean-Architecture-Beispiele als "nutzlose Indirektion" ab: Die Schichtung kostet, ohne sich in typischen Systemen zu bezahlen
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* Die Kritiken laufen zusammen: Die Dependency Rule erhebt auf jedes Feature eine fixe Indirektions-Steuer, während die meisten Änderungen ohnehin durch alle Schichten schneiden — genau die Kopplung, um die Vertical Slice Architecture stattdessen organisiert
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docs/anchors/cqrs.adoc

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* <<domain-driven-design,Domain-Driven Design>> - Often combined with CQRS for complex domains
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* <<hexagonal-architecture,Hexagonal Architecture>> - Ports and adapters complement CQRS separation
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* <<fowler-patterns,Fowler Patterns>> - CQRS builds on enterprise application patterns
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[discrete]
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== *Criticism*:
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* Martin Fowler, https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html[bliki: CQRS] — warns that "for most systems CQRS adds risky complexity", a "significant mental leap" that pays off only in specific bounded contexts, not as a default pattern
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* Udi Dahan, one of CQRS's main proponents, opens https://udidahan.com/2011/04/22/when-to-avoid-cqrs/["When to avoid CQRS"] (2011) with "Most people using CQRS (and Event Sourcing too) shouldn't have done so" — and adds that CQRS "should not be your top-level architectural pattern"
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* Greg Young himself pushed back on scope creep in https://web.archive.org/web/20121129063556/http://codebetter.com/gregyoung/2012/09/09/cqrs-is-not-an-architecture-2/["CQRS is not an Architecture"] (2012, archived): CQRS is a pattern applied inside a single component, not an architectural style for a whole system
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docs/anchors/cqrs.de.adoc

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* <<domain-driven-design,Domain-Driven Design>> - Wird oft mit CQRS für komplexe Domänen kombiniert
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* <<hexagonal-architecture,Hexagonal Architecture>> - Ports und Adapter ergänzen die CQRS-Trennung
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* <<fowler-patterns,Fowler Patterns>> - CQRS baut auf Enterprise-Application-Patterns auf
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[discrete]
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== *Kritik*:
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* Martin Fowler, https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html[bliki: CQRS] — warnt, dass "CQRS für die meisten Systeme riskante Komplexität hinzufügt", ein "erheblicher mentaler Sprung", der sich nur in bestimmten Bounded Contexts auszahlt, nicht als Default-Pattern
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* Udi Dahan, einer der Hauptvertreter von CQRS, eröffnet https://udidahan.com/2011/04/22/when-to-avoid-cqrs/["When to avoid CQRS"] (2011) mit "Most people using CQRS (and Event Sourcing too) shouldn't have done so" — und ergänzt, CQRS "sollte nicht dein Top-Level-Architekturpattern sein"
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* Greg Young selbst trat dem Scope Creep entgegen in https://web.archive.org/web/20121129063556/http://codebetter.com/gregyoung/2012/09/09/cqrs-is-not-an-architecture-2/["CQRS is not an Architecture"] (2012, archiviert): CQRS ist ein Pattern innerhalb einer einzelnen Komponente, kein Architekturstil für ein ganzes System
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docs/anchors/dry.adoc

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* <<single-level-of-abstraction-principle,Single Level of Abstraction Principle>> — keeps extracted abstractions coherent
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* <<kiss-principle,KISS Principle>> — the simplicity counterweight to over-abstraction
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* <<yagni,YAGNI>> — don't build the abstraction until you actually need it
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[discrete]
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== *Criticism*:
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* Sandi Metz, https://sandimetz.com/blog/2016/1/20/the-wrong-abstraction["The Wrong Abstraction"] (2016) — overzealous DRY produces abstractions that later requirements don't fit: "duplication is far cheaper than the wrong abstraction"; her advice is to re-introduce the duplication until the right abstraction reveals itself
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* The authors themselves concede the principle is widely misread: in the 20th Anniversary Edition (2019), Thomas & Hunt write they "did a poor job of explaining" DRY — it targets duplication of *knowledge and intent*; code deduplication is "a tiny and fairly trivial part" (https://media.pragprog.com/titles/tpp20/dry.pdf[official chapter extract])
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* The corollary both critiques share: two pieces of code that look alike but encode different business knowledge are not a DRY violation — merging them creates coupling, not clarity
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docs/anchors/dry.de.adoc

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* <<single-level-of-abstraction-principle,Single Level of Abstraction Principle>> — hält extrahierte Abstraktionen kohärent
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* <<kiss-principle,KISS Principle>> — das Einfachheits-Gegengewicht zur Über-Abstraktion
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* <<yagni,YAGNI>> — die Abstraktion erst bauen, wenn sie wirklich gebraucht wird
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[discrete]
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== *Kritik*:
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* Sandi Metz, https://sandimetz.com/blog/2016/1/20/the-wrong-abstraction["The Wrong Abstraction"] (2016) — übereifriges DRY erzeugt Abstraktionen, in die spätere Anforderungen nicht passen: "duplication is far cheaper than the wrong abstraction"; ihr Rat: die Duplizierung wieder einführen, bis sich die richtige Abstraktion zeigt
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* Die Autoren selbst räumen ein, dass das Prinzip breit missverstanden wird: In der 20th Anniversary Edition (2019) schreiben Thomas & Hunt, sie hätten DRY ursprünglich "schlecht erklärt" — es zielt auf Duplizierung von *Wissen und Absicht*; Code-Deduplizierung ist "ein winziger und ziemlich trivialer Teil" (https://media.pragprog.com/titles/tpp20/dry.pdf[offizieller Kapitelauszug])
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* Die Folgerung beider Kritiken: Zwei Code-Stücke, die gleich aussehen, aber unterschiedliches Fachwissen kodieren, sind keine DRY-Verletzung — sie zu verschmelzen erzeugt Kopplung, nicht Klarheit
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