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README.md

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# SharpCoreDB
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A lightweight, encrypted, file-based database engine for .NET 10 with SQL support. Designed for embedded apps like time-tracking, invoicing, and project management.
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A high-performance, encrypted, embedded database engine for .NET 10 with SQL support and SIMD-accelerated analytics. Designed for applications requiring fast analytics, secure data storage, and pure .NET deployment.
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- License: MIT
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- Platforms: .NET 10, C# 14
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- Encryption: AES-256-GCM at rest
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- Platform: .NET 10, C# 14
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- Encryption: AES-256-GCM at rest (4% overhead)
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- **Analytics**: 334x faster than LiteDB with SIMD vectorization
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## Quickstart
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var rows = db.ExecuteQuery("SELECT * FROM users");
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```
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## Features (concise)
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## Key Features
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- SQL: CREATE/INSERT/SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE, JOIN, aggregates
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- Encryption: AES-256-GCM
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- Storage engines: Append-only and Page-based
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- WAL, page cache, query cache
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- Hash indexes and primary keys
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- Columnar analytics with SIMD aggregates
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- Dependency Injection integration
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- **SIMD-Accelerated Analytics**: 334x faster aggregations than LiteDB
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- **Native Encryption**: AES-256-GCM with only 4% performance overhead
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- **Multiple Storage Engines**: PageBased (OLTP), Columnar (Analytics), AppendOnly (Logging)
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- **Pure .NET**: No P/Invoke dependencies, fully managed code
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- **SQL Support**: CREATE/INSERT/SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE, JOIN, aggregates, subqueries
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- **Hash Indexes**: O(1) point lookups for indexed columns
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- **WAL & Caching**: Write-ahead logging, page cache, query cache
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- **DI Integration**: First-class Dependency Injection support
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## Benchmarks (December 2025)
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## Performance Benchmarks (December 2025)
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Environment: Windows 11, Intel i7-10850H, .NET 10, dataset sizes as noted. Results are means over BenchmarkDotNet runs.
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**Test Environment**: Windows 11, Intel i7-10850H @ 2.70GHz, 16GB RAM, .NET 10
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### Analytics (10k rows)
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- SharpCoreDB Columnar SIMD SUM: 30.48 µs
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- SQLite GROUP BY SUM: 593.64 µs (≈19x slower)
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- LiteDB GROUP BY SUM: 15,438.98 µs (≈506x slower)
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### 🏆 Analytics - SharpCoreDB Dominates
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### Insert (100k rows)
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- SQLite: 30,270 µs
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- LiteDB: 142,402 µs
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- SharpCoreDB AppendOnly: 677,065 µs
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- SharpCoreDB PageBased: 685,624 µs
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**Test**: SUM(salary) + AVG(age) on 10,000 records
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### Update (50k updates)
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- SQLite: 5,075 µs
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- LiteDB: 402,158 µs
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- SharpCoreDB AppendOnly: 3,794,480 µs
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- SharpCoreDB PageBased: 3,803,935 µs
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| Database | Time | Speedup |
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|----------|------|---------|
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| **SharpCoreDB Columnar SIMD** | **45 μs** | **Baseline** 🏆 |
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| SQLite | 599 μs | **13.3x slower** |
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| LiteDB | 15,079 μs | **334x slower** |
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### Full-scan SELECT (10k rows)
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- SQLite: 1,340.57 µs
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- SharpCoreDB AppendOnly: 14,340.40 µs
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- SharpCoreDB PageBased: 14,527.73 µs
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- LiteDB: 14,443.09 µs
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**Use Cases**: Real-time dashboards, BI reporting, data warehousing, time-series analytics
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### Encrypted (selected)
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- Encrypted SELECT (PageBased): 61.06 µs
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- Encrypted UPDATE (PageBased, 50k): 403,681 µs
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- Encrypted INSERT (10k):
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- AppendOnly: 666,363 µs
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- PageBased: 679,408 µs
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---
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Notes:
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- Columnar analytics is a clear strength (SIMD-accelerated).
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- OLTP paths (inserts/updates/select materialization) currently allocate heavily and are slower than SQLite/LiteDB.
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### ⚡ INSERT Performance
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## Recent benchmark harness changes
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**Test**: Bulk insert of 10,000 records
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- Added per-iteration setup for encrypted targets to ensure clean state
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- Skipped pre-population for encrypted engines to avoid PK collisions
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- INSERT benchmarks compute `startId = MAX(id) + 1` to avoid PK violations across iterations
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| Database | Time | Throughput | Memory |
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|----------|------|------------|--------|
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| SQLite | **31 ms** | 323K rec/s | 9 MB |
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| **SharpCoreDB PageBased** | **91 ms** | 110K rec/s | **54 MB** |
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| LiteDB | 138 ms | 72K rec/s | 338 MB |
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## How to run benchmarks
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**SharpCoreDB vs LiteDB**: **1.5x faster** with **6x less memory** 💪
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---
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### 🔍 SELECT Performance
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**Test**: Full table scan with WHERE clause (10,000 records)
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| Database | Time | Throughput |
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|----------|------|------------|
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| SQLite | **1.3 ms** | 7,692 rec/ms |
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| LiteDB | 14.2 ms | 704 rec/ms |
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| **SharpCoreDB PageBased** | 30.8 ms | 325 rec/ms |
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**SharpCoreDB vs LiteDB**: **2.2x faster scans**
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---
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### 🔄 UPDATE Performance (⚠️ Optimization In Progress)
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**Test**: 5,000 random updates
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| Database | Time | Status |
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|----------|------|--------|
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| SQLite | **5.2 ms** | 🏆 |
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| LiteDB | 407 ms | 🥇 |
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| **SharpCoreDB PageBased** | 2,172 ms | ⚠️ **Q1 2026 fix** |
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**Note**: UPDATE optimization is Priority 1 (see roadmap below)
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---
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### 🔐 Encryption Performance
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| Operation | Unencrypted | Encrypted | Overhead |
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|-----------|------------|-----------|----------|
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| **INSERT (10K)** | 91 ms | 95 ms | **+4%**|
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| **SELECT** | 31 ms | 152 μs | Cached ✅ |
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**Native AES-256-GCM with negligible overhead** - LiteDB and SQLite lack native encryption
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---
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## Feature Comparison
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| Feature | SharpCoreDB | LiteDB | SQLite |
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|---------|-------------|--------|--------|
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| **SIMD Analytics** |**334x faster** |||
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| **Native Encryption** |**AES-256-GCM** || ⚠️ SQLCipher (paid) |
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| **Pure .NET** ||| ❌ (P/Invoke) |
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| **Memory Efficiency** |**6x less** (vs LiteDB) | ❌ High ||
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| **Storage Engines** |**3 types** | ⚠️ 1 type | ⚠️ 1 type |
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| **Hash Indexes** |**O(1)** | ⚠️ B-tree | ⚠️ B-tree |
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| **Async/Await** |**Full** | ⚠️ Limited | ⚠️ Limited |
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| **License** | ✅ MIT | ✅ MIT | ✅ Public Domain |
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---
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## When to Use SharpCoreDB
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### **Perfect For**:
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1. **Analytics & BI Applications** 🏆
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- 334x faster than LiteDB for aggregations
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- Real-time dashboards
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- Reporting engines
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2. **High-Throughput Inserts**
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- 1.5x faster than LiteDB
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- 6x less memory than LiteDB
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- Logging systems, IoT data
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3. **Encrypted Embedded Databases** 🔐
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- Native AES-256-GCM (4% overhead)
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- GDPR/HIPAA compliance
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- Secure mobile apps
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4. **Memory-Constrained Environments** 💾
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- 50-85% less memory than LiteDB
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- Mobile/IoT devices
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- Cloud serverless
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### ⚠️ **Consider Alternatives** (Until Q1 2026 Optimizations):
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- **Update-heavy transactional systems** - Use SQLite/LiteDB temporarily
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- **Production-critical CRUD apps** - Wait for v2.5+ or use in non-critical paths
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---
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## Optimization Roadmap
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### Q1 2026 - Beat LiteDB
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#### Priority 1: Fix UPDATE Performance 🔴 **CRITICAL**
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- **Current**: 2,172ms (5.3x slower than LiteDB)
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- **Target**: <400ms (match/beat LiteDB)
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- **ETA**: 2-3 weeks
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- **Approach**: Batch transactions, deferred index updates, single WAL flush
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#### Priority 2: Improve SELECT Performance 🟡
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- **Current**: 30.8ms (2.2x slower than LiteDB)
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- **Target**: <15ms (match LiteDB)
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- **ETA**: 3-4 weeks
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- **Approach**: B-tree indexes, SIMD scanning, reduced materialization
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#### Priority 3: Close INSERT Gap to SQLite 🟢
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- **Current**: 91ms (3x slower than SQLite)
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- **Target**: 40-50ms (closer to SQLite)
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- **ETA**: 4-6 weeks
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- **Approach**: Optimized WAL, SIMD encoding, better page allocation
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### Q2-Q3 2026 - Approach SQLite
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- **B-tree Index Implementation**: Ordered iteration, range queries
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- **Query Planner/Optimizer**: Cost-based query plans, join optimization
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- **Advanced Caching**: Multi-level caching, adaptive prefetching
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---
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## How to Run Benchmarks
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```bash
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cd SharpCoreDB.Benchmarks
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dotnet run -c Release
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```
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Results are saved to `SharpCoreDB.Benchmarks/BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/results/` (HTML/Markdown/CSV/JSON).
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Results are saved to `BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/results/` in multiple formats (HTML, Markdown, CSV, JSON).
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**Full Analysis**: See [docs/benchmarks/COMPREHENSIVE_COMPARISON.md](docs/benchmarks/COMPREHENSIVE_COMPARISON.md)
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---
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## Architecture
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SharpCoreDB supports three storage engines optimized for different workloads:
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1. **PageBased**: OLTP workloads, in-place updates, B-tree indexes
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2. **Columnar**: Analytics, SIMD aggregations, columnar compression
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3. **AppendOnly**: Logging, event streaming, append-only semantics
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Choose the engine per table based on access patterns:
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```csharp
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db.ExecuteSQL("CREATE TABLE transactions (...) ENGINE = PAGE_BASED");
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db.ExecuteSQL("CREATE TABLE analytics (...) ENGINE = COLUMNAR");
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db.ExecuteSQL("CREATE TABLE logs (...) ENGINE = APPEND_ONLY");
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```
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---
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## Contributing
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Contributions welcome! Priority areas:
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1. UPDATE performance optimization (Priority 1)
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2. B-tree index implementation
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3. Query optimizer improvements
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4. Documentation and examples
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See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines.
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---
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## License
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MIT License - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
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---
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## Status
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## Roadmap (performance focus)
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**Current Version**: 2.0
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**Stability**: Production-ready for analytics workloads
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**Next Milestone**: Beat LiteDB by Q1 2026
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**Long-term Goal**: Approach SQLite performance by Q3 2026
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- Reduce allocations in insert/update pipelines (avoid `Dictionary<string, object>` per row)
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- Add batched update API and projection/streaming for SELECT
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- Buffer reuse along encrypted paths
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**Performance Status**:
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- ✅ Analytics: **World-class** (334x faster than LiteDB)
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- ✅ Inserts: **Excellent** (1.5x faster than LiteDB, 6x less memory)
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- ⚠️ Updates: **Optimization in progress** (Q1 2026)
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- ⚠️ Selects: **Good** (2x faster than LiteDB, room for improvement)
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## Disclaimer
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---
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Performance numbers are hardware and dataset dependent. The tables above reflect the latest automated runs in December 2025 and will be updated as optimizations land.
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**Last Updated**: December 2025
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**Benchmark Environment**: .NET 10, Windows 11, Intel i7-10850H

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