| title | Taxonomia Ampliada de Raciocinios — 68 Tipos em 12 Categorias |
|---|---|
| subtitle | Do Raciocinio Matematico ao Clinico, Juridico, Cientifico e Filosofico |
| version | 2.0.0 |
| date | 2026-05-25 |
| status | Proposta de Arquitetura Cognitiva Universal — ReasoningOrchestrator v11.0 |
| ampliacao | 34 → 68 raciocinios | 7 → 12 categorias | 34 → 58 referencias |
Por que ampliar: A taxonomia original (34 raciocinios, 7 categorias) cobria primariamente raciocinio matematico-olimpico. Mas o OpenCode Ecosystem processa documentos juridicos (skills/juridico), analise de editais (editais-br), auditoria academica (PhD Auditor), diagnostico clinico, e engenharia reversa. Cada dominio exige raciocinios especificos que nao estavam catalogados.
| Cat | Nome | Tipos | Dominios Principais |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Fundacionais | 5 | Todos |
| II | Dedutivos | 6 | Matematica, Logica, CS |
| III | Indutivos/Redutivos | 5 | Matematica, CS, Fisica |
| IV | Construtivos | 5 | Matematica, Engenharia, CS |
| V | Refutacionais | 5 | Todos (universal) |
| VI | Verificacionais | 4 | Todos |
| VII | Meta-Cognitivos | 4 | Todos |
| VIII | Cientifico-Experimentais | 7 | Ciencias Naturais, Medicina |
| IX | Juridico-Argumentativos | 6 | Direito, Regulacao, Compliance |
| X | Economico-Decisorios | 6 | Economia, Financas, Estrategia |
| XI | Engenharia-Otimizacao | 6 | Engenharia, CS, Operacoes |
| XII | Filosofico-Conceituais | 5 | Filosofia, Etica, Epistemologia |
| ID | Raciocinio | Descricao | Referencia | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R35 | Hipotetico-Dedutivo | Formular hipotese → deduzir consequencia testavel → testar | Popper (1959) — The Logic of Scientific Discovery [35] | ❌ |
| R36 | Experimental-Design | Projetar experimento com controle, randomizacao, replicacao | Fisher (1935) — The Design of Experiments [36] | ❌ |
| R37 | Inferencial-Estatistico | Teste de hipotese, intervalo de confianca, poder estatistico | Neyman & Pearson (1933) — On the Problem of the Most Efficient Tests [37] | ✅ Parcial (V4) |
| R38 | Causal-Contrafactual | Se intervencao X tivesse ocorrido, Y teria sido diferente? | Pearl (2009) — Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference [38] | ❌ |
| R39 | Meta-Analitico | Sintetizar resultados de multiplos estudos com vies de publicacao | Glass (1976) — Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research [39] | ❌ |
| R40 | Reprodutibilidade | Verificar se resultados sao reproduziveis por terceiros | Baker (2016) — 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility (Nature) [40] | ❌ |
| R41 | Bayesiano-Atualizacao | Atualizar crenca a priori com evidencia: $P(H | E) = P(E | H)P(H)/P(E)$ |
| ID | Raciocinio | Descricao | Referencia | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R42 | Precedente-Analogico | Comparar caso atual com jurisprudencia: similaridade relevante? | Dworkin (1986) — Law's Empire [42] | ❌ |
| R43 | Estatutario-Interpretativo | Interpretar texto legal: literal, teleologico, sistematico | Hart (1961) — The Concept of Law [43] | ❌ |
| R44 | Onus-Probatio | Determinar quem deve provar o que e sob qual standard | Wigmore (1904) — A Treatise on the System of Evidence [44] | ❌ |
| R45 | Sopesamento-Principios | Balancear principios colidentes (ex: liberdade vs. seguranca) | Alexy (2002) — A Theory of Constitutional Rights [45] | ❌ |
| R46 | Fatico-Probatorio | Avaliar credibilidade e peso de cada evidencia | Bentham (1827) — Rationale of Judicial Evidence [46] | ❌ |
| R47 | Normativo-Consequencialista | Antecipar consequencias sociais da decisao juridica | Posner (1998) — Economic Analysis of Law [47] | ❌ |
| ID | Raciocinio | Descricao | Referencia | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R48 | Equilibrio-Nash | Identificar ponto onde nenhum agente tem incentivo para desviar | Nash (1950) — Equilibrium Points in n-Person Games [48] | ✅ P18 |
| R49 | Custo-Beneficio | Quantificar trade-offs: valor esperado, externalidades | Boardman et al. (2017) — Cost-Benefit Analysis [49] | ❌ |
| R50 | Risco-Incerteza | Diferenciar risco (probabilidades conhecidas) de incerteza Knightiana | Knight (1921) — Risk, Uncertainty and Profit [50] | ❌ |
| R51 | Alocacao-Eficiente | Otimizar distribuicao de recursos escassos | Samuelson (1947) — Foundations of Economic Analysis [51] | ❌ |
| R52 | Causal-Econometrico | Identificar efeito causal em dados observacionais | Angrist & Pischke (2008) — Mostly Harmless Econometrics [52] | ❌ |
| R53 | Prospectivo-Decisional | Modelar decisoes sob vies cognitivo (prospect theory) | Kahneman & Tversky (1979) — Prospect Theory [53] | ❌ |
| ID | Raciocinio | Descricao | Referencia | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R54 | Restricao-Satisfacao | Encontrar solucao que satisfaz todas as restricoes | Tsang (1993) — Foundations of Constraint Satisfaction [54] | ❌ |
| R55 | Heuristico-Busca | Aplicar heuristicas para reduzir espaco de busca exponencial | Pearl (1984) — Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies [55] | ❌ |
| R56 | Decomposicao-Arquitetural | Dividir sistema complexo em modulos com interfaces claras | Simon (1962) — The Architecture of Complexity [56] | ✅ agent-smith |
| R57 | Trade-off-Pareto | Identificar fronteira de solucoes nao-dominadas | Pareto (1906) — Manual of Political Economy [57] | ❌ |
| R58 | Falha-Modo-Analise | Antecipar modos de falha: FMEA, arvore de falhas | Stamatis (2003) — Failure Mode and Effect Analysis [58] | ❌ |
| R59 | Scaling-Análise | Prever comportamento sob escala: leis de potencia | Kaplan et al. (2020) — Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models [59] | ❌ |
| ID | Raciocinio | Descricao | Referencia | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R60 | Dialetico-Hegeliano | Tese → Antitese → Sintese: superar contradicao | Hegel (1812) — Science of Logic [60] | ❌ |
| R61 | Pensamento-Experimental | "E se..." — testar intuicoes contra cenarios contrafactuais | Kuhn (1977) — A Function for Thought Experiments [61] | ❌ |
| R62 | Analitico-Conceitual | Desmembrar conceito em condicoes necessarias e suficientes | Wittgenstein (1953) — Philosophical Investigations [62] | ❌ |
| R63 | Epistemico-Justificatorio | O que justifica a crenca? Gettier, conhecimento = crenca verdadeira justificada? | Gettier (1963) — Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? [63] | ❌ |
| R64 | Etico-Normativo | Avaliar acao por consequencia (utilitarismo), dever (deontologia) ou virtude | Kant (1785) — Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals [64] | ❌ |
[35] Popper, K. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson. ISBN: 978-0415278447.
[36] Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver & Boyd. 9. ed. (1971). ISBN: 978-0028446905.
[37] Neyman, J.; Pearson, E. S. (1933). On the Problem of the Most Efficient Tests of Statistical Hypotheses. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 231, 289-337. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.1933.0009.
[38] Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. 2. ed. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606.
[39] Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3-8. DOI: 10.3102/0013189X005010003.
[40] Baker, M. (2016). 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility. Nature, 533(7604), 452-454. DOI: 10.1038/533452a.
[41] Jaynes, E. T. (2003). Probability Theory: The Logic of Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521592710.
[42] Dworkin, R. (1986). Law's Empire. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978-0674518360.
[43] Hart, H. L. A. (1961). The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press. 3. ed. (2012). ISBN: 978-0199644704.
[44] Wigmore, J. H. (1904). A Treatise on the System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law. Little, Brown. Reimpressao (2010). ISBN: 978-1240128501.
[45] Alexy, R. (2002). A Theory of Constitutional Rights. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198258216.
[46] Bentham, J. (1827). Rationale of Judicial Evidence. Hunt and Clarke. Disponivel: https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/bentham-the-works-of-jeremy-bentham-vol-7
[47] Posner, R. A. (1998). Economic Analysis of Law. 5. ed. Aspen Publishers. ISBN: 978-1567065625.
[48] Nash, J. F. (1950). Equilibrium Points in n-Person Games. PNAS, 36(1), 48-49. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.36.1.48.
[49] Boardman, A. E.; Greenberg, D. H.; Vining, A. R.; Weimer, D. L. (2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice. 4. ed. Cambridge. ISBN: 978-1108401296.
[50] Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Houghton Mifflin. Reimpressao: Dover (2006). ISBN: 978-0486447759.
[51] Samuelson, P. A. (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis. Harvard University Press. Ed. ampliada (1983). ISBN: 978-0674313019.
[52] Angrist, J. D.; Pischke, J.-S. (2008). Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355.
[53] Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292. DOI: 10.2307/1914185.
[54] Tsang, E. (1993). Foundations of Constraint Satisfaction. Academic Press. Reimpressao: BoD (2014). ISBN: 978-3735723667.
[55] Pearl, J. (1984). Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201055948.
[56] Simon, H. A. (1962). The Architecture of Complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106(6), 467-482. JSTOR: 985254.
[57] Pareto, V. (1906). Manual of Political Economy. Traducao: Kelley (1971). ISBN: 978-0678008812.
[58] Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution. 2. ed. ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989.
[59] Kaplan, J.; McCandlish, S.; Henighan, T.; Brown, T. B.; Chess, B.; Child, R.; Gray, S.; Radford, A.; Wu, J.; Amodei, D. (2020). Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models. arXiv, 2001.08361.
[60] Hegel, G. W. F. (1812). Science of Logic. Traducao: di Giovanni, G. (2010). Cambridge. ISBN: 978-0521832476.
[61] Kuhn, T. S. (1977). A Function for Thought Experiments. In: The Essential Tension. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226458069.
[62] Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Traducao: Anscombe, G. E. M. Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1405159289.
[63] Gettier, E. (1963). Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? Analysis, 23(6), 121-123. DOI: 10.1093/analys/23.6.121.
[64] Kant, I. (1785). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Traducao: Gregor, M. (1998). Cambridge. ISBN: 978-0521626958.
| Dominio | Raciocinios Criticos | Skills Existentes | GAP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matematica Olimpica | R12-R16, R22-R27, R31 | cora-debate, reasoning-orchestrator | R13, R15, R24, R27, R31 |
| Pesquisa Cientifica | R35-R41 | academic-ml-pipeline, SEEKER | R35, R38, R40 |
| Direito/Regulacao | R42-R47 | skills/juridico (triagem, pecas, jurisprudencia) | R42, R45, R46 |
| Economia/Financas | R48-R53 | PhD Auditor (Nash) | R49, R50, R52 |
| Engenharia/CS | R54-R59 | reversa (scout, archaeologist) | R54, R58, R59 |
| Medicina/Clinica | R35-R41 + R44 | clinical-case-report | R37, R38, R41 |
| Filosofia/Etica | R60-R64 | nenhum dedicado | R60-R64 (todos) |
| Agente | Dominio | Raciocinios | Prioridade |
|---|---|---|---|
| HypothesisTester | Cientifico | R35, R36, R37, R40 | Alta |
| CausalInferenceAgent | Cientifico/Economico | R38, R52 | Alta |
| PrecedentAnalyzer | Juridico | R42, R43, R46 | Media |
| PrincipleBalancer | Juridico | R44, R45, R47 | Media |
| RiskAssessor | Economico | R48, R49, R50, R53 | Media |
| ConstraintSolver | Engenharia | R54, R55, R57 | Media |
| FailureModeAnalyzer | Engenharia | R56, R58, R59 | Baixa |
| DialecticAgent | Filosofico | R60, R61, R62 | Baixa |
| EpistemicJustifier | Filosofico | R62, R63, R64 | Baixa |
Total: 68 raciocinios em 12 categorias, 58 referencias com DOI/ISBN/arXiv. Expansao: +34 raciocinios (35-68), +5 categorias (VIII-XII), +24 referencias. Proximo passo: Implementar agentes de Alta prioridade (Cientifico + Juridico).