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| 1 | +""" pyplots.ai |
| 2 | +streamline-basic: Basic Streamline Plot |
| 3 | +Library: seaborn 0.13.2 | Python 3.13.11 |
| 4 | +Quality: 91/100 | Created: 2025-12-31 |
| 5 | +""" |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt |
| 8 | +import numpy as np |
| 9 | +import pandas as pd |
| 10 | +import seaborn as sns |
| 11 | +from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +# Set seed for reproducibility |
| 15 | +np.random.seed(42) |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +# Vortex flow field: u = -y, v = x (creates circular streamlines) |
| 18 | +# Velocity magnitude = distance from center |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +# Generate streamlines using Euler integration |
| 21 | +streamlines_data = [] |
| 22 | +arrow_data = [] # Store arrow positions for flow direction indicators |
| 23 | +streamline_id = 0 |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +# Starting points at different radii - removed innermost radius to eliminate overlap artifacts |
| 26 | +radii = [0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8] |
| 27 | +# Use fewer streamlines at inner radii to prevent crowding |
| 28 | +n_per_radius_map = {0.8: 3, 1.2: 4, 1.6: 5, 2.0: 5, 2.4: 6, 2.8: 6} |
| 29 | +dt = 0.03 |
| 30 | +max_steps = 250 |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +for r in radii: |
| 33 | + n_per_radius = n_per_radius_map[r] |
| 34 | + for i in range(n_per_radius): |
| 35 | + angle = 2 * np.pi * i / n_per_radius + (r * 0.15) |
| 36 | + x = r * np.cos(angle) |
| 37 | + y = r * np.sin(angle) |
| 38 | + streamline_points = [] |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | + # Trace streamline using Euler integration |
| 41 | + for step in range(max_steps): |
| 42 | + # Check bounds first |
| 43 | + if abs(x) > 3.2 or abs(y) > 3.2: |
| 44 | + break |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | + # Vector field: circular vortex (u = -y, v = x) |
| 47 | + u = -y |
| 48 | + v = x |
| 49 | + speed = np.sqrt(u**2 + v**2) |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | + if speed < 1e-6: |
| 52 | + break |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | + # Store point with velocity magnitude (= radius in vortex) |
| 55 | + vel_mag = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2) |
| 56 | + streamlines_data.append( |
| 57 | + { |
| 58 | + "x": float(x), |
| 59 | + "y": float(y), |
| 60 | + "streamline_id": streamline_id, |
| 61 | + "order": step, |
| 62 | + "velocity": float(vel_mag), |
| 63 | + } |
| 64 | + ) |
| 65 | + streamline_points.append((x, y, u, v, vel_mag)) |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | + # Normalize and step |
| 68 | + x = x + dt * u / speed |
| 69 | + y = y + dt * v / speed |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | + # Store arrow position at midpoint of each streamline |
| 72 | + if len(streamline_points) > 20: |
| 73 | + mid_idx = len(streamline_points) // 2 |
| 74 | + px, py, pu, pv, pvel = streamline_points[mid_idx] |
| 75 | + arrow_data.append({"x": px, "y": py, "u": pu, "v": pv, "velocity": pvel, "radius": r}) |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | + streamline_id += 1 |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +# Create DataFrame |
| 80 | +df = pd.DataFrame(streamlines_data) |
| 81 | +arrows_df = pd.DataFrame(arrow_data) |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +# Compute average velocity per streamline for color encoding |
| 84 | +avg_velocity = df.groupby("streamline_id")["velocity"].mean().reset_index() |
| 85 | +avg_velocity.columns = ["streamline_id", "avg_velocity"] |
| 86 | +df = df.merge(avg_velocity, on="streamline_id") |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +# Create velocity bins for categorical legend - seaborn-centric approach |
| 89 | +velocity_bins = pd.qcut(df["avg_velocity"], q=6, duplicates="drop") |
| 90 | +df["Speed Range"] = velocity_bins.apply(lambda x: f"{x.left:.1f}-{x.right:.1f} m/s") |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +# Set seaborn style with custom aesthetics |
| 93 | +sns.set_theme( |
| 94 | + style="whitegrid", rc={"axes.labelsize": 20, "axes.titlesize": 24, "xtick.labelsize": 16, "ytick.labelsize": 16} |
| 95 | +) |
| 96 | +sns.set_context("talk", font_scale=1.2) |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | +# Create square figure to better utilize canvas for equal aspect ratio plot |
| 99 | +fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 12)) |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +# Use seaborn color_palette to create viridis colors for continuous mapping |
| 102 | +palette = sns.color_palette("viridis", as_cmap=True) |
| 103 | +norm = plt.Normalize(df["avg_velocity"].min(), df["avg_velocity"].max()) |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +# Plot streamlines using seaborn's lineplot with hue for velocity |
| 106 | +# Each streamline is a separate unit, colored by average velocity |
| 107 | +sns.lineplot( |
| 108 | + data=df, |
| 109 | + x="x", |
| 110 | + y="y", |
| 111 | + hue="avg_velocity", |
| 112 | + units="streamline_id", |
| 113 | + estimator=None, |
| 114 | + sort=False, |
| 115 | + linewidth=2.5, |
| 116 | + alpha=0.85, |
| 117 | + palette="viridis", |
| 118 | + legend=False, |
| 119 | + ax=ax, |
| 120 | +) |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +# Add arrowheads to show flow direction |
| 123 | +cmap = plt.cm.viridis |
| 124 | +for _, arrow in arrows_df.iterrows(): |
| 125 | + px, py = arrow["x"], arrow["y"] |
| 126 | + pu, pv = arrow["u"], arrow["v"] |
| 127 | + speed = np.sqrt(pu**2 + pv**2) |
| 128 | + # Normalize direction |
| 129 | + dx = 0.15 * pu / speed |
| 130 | + dy = 0.15 * pv / speed |
| 131 | + color = cmap(norm(arrow["velocity"])) |
| 132 | + arrow_patch = FancyArrowPatch( |
| 133 | + (px - dx / 2, py - dy / 2), |
| 134 | + (px + dx / 2, py + dy / 2), |
| 135 | + arrowstyle="->,head_width=4,head_length=4", |
| 136 | + color=color, |
| 137 | + linewidth=2, |
| 138 | + mutation_scale=1, |
| 139 | + zorder=10, |
| 140 | + ) |
| 141 | + ax.add_patch(arrow_patch) |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +# Add colorbar manually (seaborn lineplot doesn't auto-create one for continuous hue) |
| 144 | +sm = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap="viridis", norm=norm) |
| 145 | +sm.set_array([]) |
| 146 | +cbar = fig.colorbar(sm, ax=ax, shrink=0.8, aspect=20) |
| 147 | +cbar.set_label("Flow Speed (m/s)", fontsize=20) |
| 148 | +cbar.ax.tick_params(labelsize=16) |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +# Use seaborn despine for cleaner appearance |
| 151 | +sns.despine(ax=ax, left=False, bottom=False) |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +# Styling with units explicitly in axis labels |
| 154 | +ax.set(xlabel="X Position (m)", ylabel="Y Position (m)") |
| 155 | +ax.set_title("streamline-basic · seaborn · pyplots.ai", fontsize=24, fontweight="bold") |
| 156 | +ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=16) |
| 157 | +ax.set_aspect("equal") |
| 158 | +ax.set_xlim(-3.5, 3.5) |
| 159 | +ax.set_ylim(-3.5, 3.5) |
| 160 | +ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3, linestyle="--") |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +plt.tight_layout() |
| 163 | +plt.savefig("plot.png", dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight") |
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