|
| 1 | +""" pyplots.ai |
| 2 | +line-arrhenius: Arrhenius Plot for Reaction Kinetics |
| 3 | +Library: highcharts unknown | Python 3.14.3 |
| 4 | +Quality: 87/100 | Created: 2026-03-21 |
| 5 | +""" |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +import tempfile |
| 8 | +import time |
| 9 | +import urllib.request |
| 10 | +from pathlib import Path |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +import numpy as np |
| 13 | +from highcharts_core.chart import Chart |
| 14 | +from highcharts_core.options import HighchartsOptions |
| 15 | +from highcharts_core.options.annotations import Annotation |
| 16 | +from highcharts_core.options.series.scatter import ScatterSeries |
| 17 | +from highcharts_core.options.series.spline import SplineSeries |
| 18 | +from scipy import stats |
| 19 | +from selenium import webdriver |
| 20 | +from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +# Data - First-order decomposition reaction rate constants at various temperatures |
| 24 | +R_gas = 8.314 # Gas constant J/(mol·K) |
| 25 | +Ea_true = 75000 # Activation energy in J/mol (75 kJ/mol) |
| 26 | +A_prefactor = 1e13 # Pre-exponential factor (s⁻¹) |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +np.random.seed(42) |
| 29 | +temperature_K = np.array([300, 325, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450, 475, 500, 550, 600]) |
| 30 | +inv_T = 1.0 / temperature_K |
| 31 | +ln_k_true = np.log(A_prefactor) - Ea_true / (R_gas * temperature_K) |
| 32 | +ln_k = ln_k_true + np.random.normal(0, 0.15, len(temperature_K)) |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +# Linear regression |
| 35 | +slope, intercept, r_value, p_value, std_err = stats.linregress(inv_T, ln_k) |
| 36 | +r_squared = r_value**2 |
| 37 | +Ea_fitted = -slope * R_gas / 1000 # kJ/mol |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +# Regression line points |
| 40 | +inv_T_fit = np.linspace(inv_T.min() * 0.97, inv_T.max() * 1.03, 100) |
| 41 | +ln_k_fit = slope * inv_T_fit + intercept |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +# Scale 1/T by 1000 for readability (units: 10⁻³ K⁻¹) |
| 44 | +inv_T_scaled = inv_T * 1000 |
| 45 | +inv_T_fit_scaled = inv_T_fit * 1000 |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +# Chart |
| 48 | +chart = Chart(container="container") |
| 49 | +chart.options = HighchartsOptions() |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +chart.options.chart = { |
| 52 | + "width": 4800, |
| 53 | + "height": 2700, |
| 54 | + "backgroundColor": "#ffffff", |
| 55 | + "spacingTop": 60, |
| 56 | + "spacingBottom": 60, |
| 57 | + "marginBottom": 160, |
| 58 | + "spacingLeft": 100, |
| 59 | + "spacingRight": 100, |
| 60 | + "style": {"fontFamily": "'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif"}, |
| 61 | +} |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +chart.options.title = { |
| 64 | + "text": "line-arrhenius \u00b7 highcharts \u00b7 pyplots.ai", |
| 65 | + "style": {"fontSize": "48px", "fontWeight": "600", "color": "#1a1a2e"}, |
| 66 | + "margin": 50, |
| 67 | +} |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +# Temperature reference marks as plotLines on x-axis |
| 70 | +ref_temps = [300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600] |
| 71 | +plot_lines = [] |
| 72 | +for t in ref_temps: |
| 73 | + plot_lines.append( |
| 74 | + { |
| 75 | + "value": 1000.0 / t, |
| 76 | + "color": "rgba(0,0,0,0.12)", |
| 77 | + "width": 1, |
| 78 | + "dashStyle": "Dot", |
| 79 | + "label": {"text": f"{t} K", "style": {"fontSize": "22px", "color": "#888888"}, "rotation": 0, "y": -10}, |
| 80 | + } |
| 81 | + ) |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +chart.options.x_axis = { |
| 84 | + "title": { |
| 85 | + "text": "1000 / T (K\u207b\u00b9)", |
| 86 | + "style": {"fontSize": "36px", "fontWeight": "600", "color": "#333333"}, |
| 87 | + "margin": 24, |
| 88 | + }, |
| 89 | + "labels": {"style": {"fontSize": "26px", "color": "#444444"}, "step": 2}, |
| 90 | + "reversed": True, |
| 91 | + "tickInterval": 0.2, |
| 92 | + "lineColor": "#666666", |
| 93 | + "lineWidth": 2, |
| 94 | + "tickLength": 0, |
| 95 | + "gridLineWidth": 0, |
| 96 | + "plotLines": plot_lines, |
| 97 | +} |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +chart.options.y_axis = { |
| 100 | + "title": {"text": "ln(k)", "style": {"fontSize": "36px", "fontWeight": "600", "color": "#333333"}, "margin": 24}, |
| 101 | + "labels": {"style": {"fontSize": "26px", "color": "#444444"}}, |
| 102 | + "lineColor": "#666666", |
| 103 | + "lineWidth": 2, |
| 104 | + "gridLineWidth": 1, |
| 105 | + "gridLineColor": "rgba(0,0,0,0.08)", |
| 106 | +} |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +chart.options.legend = { |
| 109 | + "enabled": True, |
| 110 | + "align": "right", |
| 111 | + "verticalAlign": "top", |
| 112 | + "layout": "vertical", |
| 113 | + "x": -60, |
| 114 | + "y": 80, |
| 115 | + "itemStyle": {"fontSize": "28px", "fontWeight": "500", "color": "#333333"}, |
| 116 | + "backgroundColor": "rgba(255,255,255,0.85)", |
| 117 | + "borderColor": "#cccccc", |
| 118 | + "borderWidth": 1, |
| 119 | + "borderRadius": 6, |
| 120 | + "padding": 14, |
| 121 | + "symbolRadius": 6, |
| 122 | +} |
| 123 | +chart.options.credits = {"enabled": False} |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +chart.options.plot_options = { |
| 126 | + "scatter": {"marker": {"radius": 14, "lineWidth": 3, "lineColor": "#ffffff"}}, |
| 127 | + "spline": {"marker": {"enabled": False}, "lineWidth": 4}, |
| 128 | +} |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +# Regression line series |
| 131 | +fit_data = [[round(float(x), 4), round(float(y), 3)] for x, y in zip(inv_T_fit_scaled, ln_k_fit, strict=False)] |
| 132 | +regression_series = SplineSeries() |
| 133 | +regression_series.data = fit_data |
| 134 | +regression_series.name = "Linear Fit" |
| 135 | +regression_series.color = "#c0392b" |
| 136 | +regression_series.line_width = 4 |
| 137 | +regression_series.dash_style = "Dash" |
| 138 | +chart.add_series(regression_series) |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +# Data points series (on top of regression line) |
| 141 | +scatter_data = [[round(float(x), 4), round(float(y), 3)] for x, y in zip(inv_T_scaled, ln_k, strict=False)] |
| 142 | +data_series = ScatterSeries() |
| 143 | +data_series.data = scatter_data |
| 144 | +data_series.name = "Experimental Data" |
| 145 | +data_series.color = "#306998" |
| 146 | +data_series.z_index = 5 |
| 147 | +chart.add_series(data_series) |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +# Annotations for R², Ea, and slope - positioned near the data midpoint |
| 150 | +anno_x = round(float(inv_T_scaled[3]), 4) # Near 375K data point region |
| 151 | +y_mid = float(slope * inv_T[3] + intercept) # On regression line at that x |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +chart.options.annotations = [ |
| 154 | + Annotation.from_dict( |
| 155 | + { |
| 156 | + "draggable": "", |
| 157 | + "labelOptions": {"allowOverlap": True, "overflow": "none", "crop": False}, |
| 158 | + "labels": [ |
| 159 | + { |
| 160 | + "point": {"xAxis": 0, "yAxis": 0, "x": anno_x, "y": round(y_mid + 2.5, 2)}, |
| 161 | + "text": f"R\u00b2 = {r_squared:.4f}", |
| 162 | + "style": {"fontSize": "34px", "fontWeight": "700", "color": "#c0392b"}, |
| 163 | + "backgroundColor": "rgba(255,255,255,0.92)", |
| 164 | + "borderColor": "#c0392b", |
| 165 | + "borderWidth": 2, |
| 166 | + "borderRadius": 8, |
| 167 | + "padding": 16, |
| 168 | + }, |
| 169 | + { |
| 170 | + "point": {"xAxis": 0, "yAxis": 0, "x": anno_x, "y": round(y_mid + 1.2, 2)}, |
| 171 | + "text": f"E\u2090 = {Ea_fitted:.1f} kJ/mol", |
| 172 | + "style": {"fontSize": "34px", "fontWeight": "700", "color": "#d35400"}, |
| 173 | + "backgroundColor": "rgba(255,255,255,0.92)", |
| 174 | + "borderColor": "#d35400", |
| 175 | + "borderWidth": 2, |
| 176 | + "borderRadius": 8, |
| 177 | + "padding": 16, |
| 178 | + }, |
| 179 | + { |
| 180 | + "point": {"xAxis": 0, "yAxis": 0, "x": anno_x, "y": round(y_mid - 0.1, 2)}, |
| 181 | + "text": f"Slope = \u2212E\u2090/R = {slope:.0f} K", |
| 182 | + "style": {"fontSize": "30px", "fontWeight": "600", "color": "#555555"}, |
| 183 | + "backgroundColor": "rgba(255,255,255,0.92)", |
| 184 | + "borderColor": "#888888", |
| 185 | + "borderWidth": 1, |
| 186 | + "borderRadius": 8, |
| 187 | + "padding": 14, |
| 188 | + }, |
| 189 | + ], |
| 190 | + } |
| 191 | + ) |
| 192 | +] |
| 193 | + |
| 194 | +# Download Highcharts JS and annotations module |
| 195 | +highcharts_url = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/highcharts@11/highcharts.js" |
| 196 | +hc_req = urllib.request.Request(highcharts_url, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}) |
| 197 | +with urllib.request.urlopen(hc_req, timeout=30) as resp: |
| 198 | + highcharts_js = resp.read().decode("utf-8") |
| 199 | + |
| 200 | +annotations_url = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/highcharts@11/modules/annotations.js" |
| 201 | +ann_req = urllib.request.Request(annotations_url, headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}) |
| 202 | +with urllib.request.urlopen(ann_req, timeout=30) as resp: |
| 203 | + annotations_module_js = resp.read().decode("utf-8") |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | +# Generate JS and build HTML |
| 206 | +html_str = chart.to_js_literal() |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +html_content = f"""<!DOCTYPE html> |
| 209 | +<html> |
| 210 | +<head> |
| 211 | + <meta charset="utf-8"> |
| 212 | + <script>{highcharts_js}</script> |
| 213 | + <script>{annotations_module_js}</script> |
| 214 | +</head> |
| 215 | +<body style="margin:0;"> |
| 216 | + <div id="container" style="width: 4800px; height: 2700px;"></div> |
| 217 | + <script>{html_str}</script> |
| 218 | +</body> |
| 219 | +</html>""" |
| 220 | + |
| 221 | +# Save HTML |
| 222 | +with open("plot.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: |
| 223 | + f.write(html_content) |
| 224 | + |
| 225 | +# Screenshot with headless Chrome |
| 226 | +with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", suffix=".html", delete=False, encoding="utf-8") as f: |
| 227 | + f.write(html_content) |
| 228 | + temp_path = f.name |
| 229 | + |
| 230 | +chrome_options = Options() |
| 231 | +chrome_options.add_argument("--headless") |
| 232 | +chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") |
| 233 | +chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") |
| 234 | +chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-gpu") |
| 235 | +chrome_options.add_argument("--window-size=4800,2700") |
| 236 | + |
| 237 | +driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options) |
| 238 | +driver.get(f"file://{temp_path}") |
| 239 | +time.sleep(5) |
| 240 | +driver.save_screenshot("plot.png") |
| 241 | +driver.quit() |
| 242 | + |
| 243 | +Path(temp_path).unlink() |
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