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1 | 1 | """ pyplots.ai |
2 | 2 | bubble-packed: Basic Packed Bubble Chart |
3 | | -Library: bokeh 3.8.1 | Python 3.13.11 |
4 | | -Quality: 91/100 | Created: 2025-12-23 |
| 3 | +Library: bokeh 3.8.2 | Python 3.14.3 |
| 4 | +Quality: 90/100 | Updated: 2026-02-23 |
5 | 5 | """ |
6 | 6 |
|
7 | 7 | import numpy as np |
8 | | -from bokeh.io import export_png, output_file, save |
9 | | -from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, LabelSet |
| 8 | +from bokeh.io import export_png |
| 9 | +from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, HoverTool, LabelSet |
10 | 10 | from bokeh.plotting import figure |
11 | 11 |
|
12 | 12 |
|
13 | | -# Data - department budgets (in millions) |
14 | 13 | np.random.seed(42) |
15 | | -categories = [ |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +# Data — department budgets (millions) |
| 16 | +departments = [ |
16 | 17 | "Engineering", |
17 | 18 | "Marketing", |
18 | 19 | "Sales", |
|
29 | 30 | "Data Science", |
30 | 31 | "Security", |
31 | 32 | ] |
32 | | -values = [45, 32, 38, 25, 12, 18, 42, 8, 22, 15, 28, 14, 10, 20, 6] |
33 | | - |
34 | | -# Calculate radii from values (scale by area for accurate perception) |
35 | | -max_radius = 400 |
36 | | -radii = np.sqrt(values) / np.sqrt(max(values)) * max_radius |
37 | | - |
38 | | -# Circle packing simulation - position circles without overlap |
39 | | -n = len(radii) |
40 | | -center_x, center_y = 2400, 1350 |
41 | | - |
42 | | -# Start with random positions near center |
43 | | -x_pos = center_x + (np.random.rand(n) - 0.5) * 1000 |
44 | | -y_pos = center_y + (np.random.rand(n) - 0.5) * 600 |
45 | | - |
46 | | -# Force-directed packing iterations |
47 | | -for _ in range(500): |
48 | | - # Pull toward center |
49 | | - for i in range(n): |
50 | | - dx = center_x - x_pos[i] |
51 | | - dy = center_y - y_pos[i] |
52 | | - x_pos[i] += dx * 0.01 |
53 | | - y_pos[i] += dy * 0.01 |
54 | | - |
55 | | - # Push apart overlapping circles |
| 33 | +budgets = [45, 32, 38, 25, 12, 18, 42, 8, 22, 15, 28, 14, 10, 20, 6] |
| 34 | +n = len(budgets) |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +# Radii — area-scaled (sqrt) for accurate visual perception |
| 37 | +max_r = 460 |
| 38 | +vals = np.array(budgets, dtype=float) |
| 39 | +radii = np.sqrt(vals / vals.max()) * max_r |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +# Force-directed circle packing on square canvas |
| 42 | +W, H = 3600, 3600 |
| 43 | +center = np.array([W / 2.0, H / 2.0]) |
| 44 | +pos = center + (np.random.rand(n, 2) - 0.5) * 600 |
| 45 | +pad = 12 |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +for step in range(600): |
| 48 | + pos += (center - pos) * 0.012 |
| 49 | + total_shift = 0.0 |
56 | 50 | for i in range(n): |
57 | 51 | for j in range(i + 1, n): |
58 | | - dx = x_pos[j] - x_pos[i] |
59 | | - dy = y_pos[j] - y_pos[i] |
60 | | - dist = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2) + 0.01 |
61 | | - min_dist = radii[i] + radii[j] + 10 # 10px padding |
62 | | - |
63 | | - if dist < min_dist: |
64 | | - overlap = (min_dist - dist) / 2 |
65 | | - x_pos[i] -= dx / dist * overlap |
66 | | - y_pos[i] -= dy / dist * overlap |
67 | | - x_pos[j] += dx / dist * overlap |
68 | | - y_pos[j] += dy / dist * overlap |
69 | | - |
70 | | -# Create color palette - using Python Blue and Yellow with variations |
71 | | -colors = [ |
72 | | - "#306998", |
73 | | - "#FFD43B", |
74 | | - "#4B8BBE", |
75 | | - "#FFE873", |
76 | | - "#3776AB", |
77 | | - "#FFD43B", |
78 | | - "#306998", |
79 | | - "#4B8BBE", |
80 | | - "#FFE873", |
81 | | - "#3776AB", |
82 | | - "#306998", |
83 | | - "#FFD43B", |
84 | | - "#4B8BBE", |
85 | | - "#FFE873", |
86 | | - "#3776AB", |
87 | | -] |
88 | | - |
89 | | -# Prepare data source |
90 | | -source = ColumnDataSource( |
91 | | - data={"x": x_pos, "y": y_pos, "radius": radii, "category": categories, "value": values, "color": colors} |
92 | | -) |
| 52 | + d = pos[j] - pos[i] |
| 53 | + dist = np.linalg.norm(d) + 1e-6 |
| 54 | + gap = radii[i] + radii[j] + pad |
| 55 | + if dist < gap: |
| 56 | + s = d / dist * (gap - dist) * 0.5 |
| 57 | + pos[i] -= s |
| 58 | + pos[j] += s |
| 59 | + total_shift += gap - dist |
| 60 | + pos[:, 0] = np.clip(pos[:, 0], radii + 50, W - radii - 50) |
| 61 | + pos[:, 1] = np.clip(pos[:, 1], radii + 50, H - radii - 50) |
| 62 | + if step > 200 and total_shift < 1.0: |
| 63 | + break |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +# Center cluster and compute tight viewing range |
| 66 | +x_lo, x_hi = (pos[:, 0] - radii).min(), (pos[:, 0] + radii).max() |
| 67 | +y_lo, y_hi = (pos[:, 1] - radii).min(), (pos[:, 1] + radii).max() |
| 68 | +pos[:, 0] += (W - (x_lo + x_hi)) / 2 |
| 69 | +pos[:, 1] += (H - (y_lo + y_hi)) / 2 |
| 70 | +margin = 150 |
| 71 | +xr = ((pos[:, 0] - radii).min() - margin, (pos[:, 0] + radii).max() + margin) |
| 72 | +yr = ((pos[:, 1] - radii).min() - margin, (pos[:, 1] + radii).max() + margin) |
93 | 73 |
|
94 | | -# Create figure |
95 | 74 | p = figure( |
96 | | - width=4800, |
97 | | - height=2700, |
| 75 | + width=W, |
| 76 | + height=H, |
98 | 77 | title="Department Budgets · bubble-packed · bokeh · pyplots.ai", |
99 | | - x_range=(0, 4800), |
100 | | - y_range=(0, 2700), |
101 | | - tools="hover", |
102 | | - tooltips=[("Department", "@category"), ("Budget", "$@value M")], |
| 78 | + x_range=xr, |
| 79 | + y_range=yr, |
| 80 | + tools="", |
| 81 | + toolbar_location=None, |
103 | 82 | ) |
104 | 83 |
|
105 | | -# Draw circles |
106 | | -p.circle( |
107 | | - x="x", y="y", radius="radius", source=source, fill_color="color", fill_alpha=0.85, line_color="white", line_width=3 |
108 | | -) |
109 | | - |
110 | | -# Add labels to circles (only for larger circles) |
111 | | -large_indices = [i for i in range(len(values)) if radii[i] > 120] |
112 | | -label_source = ColumnDataSource( |
113 | | - data={ |
114 | | - "x": [x_pos[i] for i in large_indices], |
115 | | - "y": [y_pos[i] for i in large_indices], |
116 | | - "text": [categories[i] for i in large_indices], |
117 | | - "value_text": [f"${values[i]}M" for i in large_indices], |
118 | | - } |
119 | | -) |
120 | | - |
121 | | -labels = LabelSet( |
122 | | - x="x", |
123 | | - y="y", |
124 | | - text="text", |
125 | | - source=label_source, |
126 | | - text_align="center", |
127 | | - text_baseline="middle", |
128 | | - text_font_size="24pt", |
129 | | - text_color="white", |
130 | | - text_font_style="bold", |
131 | | - y_offset=15, |
132 | | -) |
133 | | -p.add_layout(labels) |
134 | | - |
135 | | -value_labels = LabelSet( |
136 | | - x="x", |
137 | | - y="y", |
138 | | - text="value_text", |
139 | | - source=label_source, |
140 | | - text_align="center", |
141 | | - text_baseline="middle", |
142 | | - text_font_size="20pt", |
143 | | - text_color="white", |
144 | | - y_offset=-20, |
145 | | -) |
146 | | -p.add_layout(value_labels) |
| 84 | +# Tier palette — 4 hue families, dark tones for white text, depth-graded alpha |
| 85 | +tier_defs = [ |
| 86 | + (">$35M", "#1B4F72", 0.92, [i for i in range(n) if budgets[i] > 35]), |
| 87 | + ("$20\u201335M", "#7D6608", 0.88, [i for i in range(n) if 20 <= budgets[i] <= 35]), |
| 88 | + ("$10\u201319M", "#A04000", 0.84, [i for i in range(n) if 10 <= budgets[i] < 20]), |
| 89 | + ("<$10M", "#6C3483", 0.80, [i for i in range(n) if budgets[i] < 10]), |
| 90 | +] |
147 | 91 |
|
148 | | -# Style the plot |
| 92 | +# Render circles per tier — separate renderers for native Bokeh legend entries |
| 93 | +renderers = [] |
| 94 | +for tier_name, color, alpha, idx in tier_defs: |
| 95 | + src = ColumnDataSource( |
| 96 | + data={ |
| 97 | + "x": pos[idx, 0].tolist(), |
| 98 | + "y": pos[idx, 1].tolist(), |
| 99 | + "radius": radii[idx].tolist(), |
| 100 | + "dept": [departments[i] for i in idx], |
| 101 | + "budget": [f"${budgets[i]}M" for i in idx], |
| 102 | + "tier": [tier_name for _ in idx], |
| 103 | + } |
| 104 | + ) |
| 105 | + r = p.circle( |
| 106 | + x="x", |
| 107 | + y="y", |
| 108 | + radius="radius", |
| 109 | + source=src, |
| 110 | + fill_color=color, |
| 111 | + fill_alpha=alpha, |
| 112 | + line_color="white", |
| 113 | + line_width=3, |
| 114 | + legend_label=tier_name, |
| 115 | + ) |
| 116 | + renderers.append(r) |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +# Labels inside circles — font size adapts to radius |
| 119 | +brackets = [(340, float("inf"), "24pt", "20pt", 22), (200, 340, "18pt", "15pt", 15), (0, 200, "16pt", "14pt", 12)] |
| 120 | +for lo, hi, name_fs, val_fs, y_off in brackets: |
| 121 | + idx = [i for i in range(n) if lo <= radii[i] < hi] |
| 122 | + if not idx: |
| 123 | + continue |
| 124 | + src = ColumnDataSource( |
| 125 | + data={ |
| 126 | + "x": pos[idx, 0].tolist(), |
| 127 | + "y": pos[idx, 1].tolist(), |
| 128 | + "name": [departments[i] for i in idx], |
| 129 | + "val": [f"${budgets[i]}M" for i in idx], |
| 130 | + } |
| 131 | + ) |
| 132 | + p.add_layout( |
| 133 | + LabelSet( |
| 134 | + x="x", |
| 135 | + y="y", |
| 136 | + text="name", |
| 137 | + source=src, |
| 138 | + text_align="center", |
| 139 | + text_baseline="middle", |
| 140 | + text_font_size=name_fs, |
| 141 | + text_color="white", |
| 142 | + text_font_style="bold", |
| 143 | + y_offset=y_off, |
| 144 | + ) |
| 145 | + ) |
| 146 | + p.add_layout( |
| 147 | + LabelSet( |
| 148 | + x="x", |
| 149 | + y="y", |
| 150 | + text="val", |
| 151 | + source=src, |
| 152 | + text_align="center", |
| 153 | + text_baseline="middle", |
| 154 | + text_font_size=val_fs, |
| 155 | + text_color="rgba(255,255,255,0.85)", |
| 156 | + y_offset=-y_off, |
| 157 | + ) |
| 158 | + ) |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | +# Style |
149 | 161 | p.title.text_font_size = "36pt" |
150 | 162 | p.title.align = "center" |
151 | | - |
152 | | -# Hide axes - packed bubble charts don't use positional axes |
153 | 163 | p.xaxis.visible = False |
154 | 164 | p.yaxis.visible = False |
155 | 165 | p.xgrid.visible = False |
156 | 166 | p.ygrid.visible = False |
157 | | - |
158 | | -# Clean background |
159 | 167 | p.background_fill_color = "#f8f9fa" |
160 | 168 | p.border_fill_color = "#f8f9fa" |
161 | 169 | p.outline_line_color = None |
| 170 | +p.min_border = 40 |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +# Legend — styled tiers with interactive hide toggle |
| 173 | +p.legend.location = "top_right" |
| 174 | +p.legend.label_text_font_size = "24pt" |
| 175 | +p.legend.glyph_height = 50 |
| 176 | +p.legend.glyph_width = 50 |
| 177 | +p.legend.background_fill_alpha = 0.85 |
| 178 | +p.legend.background_fill_color = "#f8f9fa" |
| 179 | +p.legend.border_line_color = "#dee2e6" |
| 180 | +p.legend.border_line_width = 2 |
| 181 | +p.legend.padding = 20 |
| 182 | +p.legend.spacing = 12 |
| 183 | +p.legend.label_standoff = 12 |
| 184 | +p.legend.click_policy = "hide" |
| 185 | + |
| 186 | +# HoverTool — Bokeh-distinctive interactivity (active in HTML output) |
| 187 | +p.add_tools( |
| 188 | + HoverTool(tooltips=[("Department", "@dept"), ("Budget", "@budget"), ("Tier", "@tier")], renderers=renderers) |
| 189 | +) |
162 | 190 |
|
163 | | -# Save as PNG and HTML |
164 | 191 | export_png(p, filename="plot.png") |
165 | | -output_file("plot.html", title="Packed Bubble Chart") |
166 | | -save(p) |
|
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