MarkusNeusinger
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+# anyplot.ai
+# skewt-logp-atmospheric: Skew-T Log-P Atmospheric Diagram
+# Library: makie 0.22.10 | Julia 1.11.9
+# Quality: 85/100 | Created: 2026-05-22
+
+using CairoMakie
+using Colors
+using Random
+
+Random.seed!(42)
+
+const THEME       = get(ENV, "ANYPLOT_THEME", "light")
+const PAGE_BG     = THEME == "light" ? colorant"#FAF8F1" : colorant"#1A1A17"
+const ELEVATED_BG = THEME == "light" ? colorant"#FFFDF6" : colorant"#242420"
+const INK         = THEME == "light" ? colorant"#1A1A17" : colorant"#F0EFE8"
+const INK_SOFT    = THEME == "light" ? colorant"#4A4A44" : colorant"#B8B7B0"
+const OKABE_ITO   = [
+    colorant"#009E73",
+    colorant"#D55E00",
+    colorant"#0072B2",
+    colorant"#CC79A7",
+    colorant"#E69F00",
+    colorant"#56B4E9",
+    colorant"#F0E442",
+]
+
+# Skew-T parameters and thermodynamic constants
+const SKEW     = 45.0
+const Lv_CONST = 2.501e6
+const Rd_CONST = 287.0
+const Rv_CONST = 461.5
+const Cp_CONST = 1005.0
+
+# Coordinate helpers
+skew_x(T_C, P_hPa) = T_C + SKEW * log10(1000.0 / P_hPa)
+y_p(P_hPa)         = log10(P_hPa)
+
+# Saturation vapor pressure via Bolton (1980), hPa
+sat_es(T_C) = 6.112 * exp(17.67 * T_C / (T_C + 243.5))
+
+# Saturation mixing ratio, g/kg
+ws_sat(T_C, P_hPa) = 622.0 * sat_es(T_C) / (P_hPa - sat_es(T_C))
+
+# Log-spaced pressure array from 1000 → 100 hPa
+const P_FINE = collect(exp10.(LinRange(log10(1000.0), log10(100.0), 300)))
+
+# Tropical convective sounding (standard atmosphere with instability)
+const P_OBS = [1000.0, 950.0, 925.0, 900.0, 850.0, 800.0, 750.0, 700.0,
+               650.0, 600.0, 550.0, 500.0, 450.0, 400.0, 350.0, 300.0,
+               250.0, 200.0, 150.0, 100.0]
+
+const T_OBS = [28.4,  25.6,  23.8,  21.6,  17.2,  12.4,   8.0,   3.2,
+               -1.8,  -7.2, -12.8, -19.2, -25.6, -33.2, -41.6, -50.4,
+               -59.2, -65.8, -68.4, -72.6]
+
+const TD_OBS = [24.8,  21.4,  19.6,  16.8,  10.4,   5.2,  -0.8,  -8.4,
+               -15.2, -22.6, -30.2, -38.4, -46.8, -52.6, -58.8, -63.2,
+               -68.4, -72.0, -74.2, -77.6]
+
+# Reference line helpers
+
+function isotherm_line(T0, p_arr)
+    return [skew_x(T0, P) for P in p_arr], y_p.(p_arr)
+end
+
+function dry_adiabat_line(theta_K, p_arr)
+    Rcp = Rd_CONST / Cp_CONST
+    return [skew_x(theta_K * (P / 1000.0)^Rcp - 273.15, P) for P in p_arr], y_p.(p_arr)
+end
+
+function mixing_ratio_line(ws_gkg, p_arr)
+    xs = map(p_arr) do P
+        es_t = ws_gkg * P / (622.0 + ws_gkg)
+        es_t <= 0.0 && return NaN
+        a = log(es_t / 6.112)
+        skew_x(243.5 * a / (17.67 - a), P)
+    end
+    return xs, y_p.(p_arr)
+end
+
+function moist_adiabat_line(T0_C, P0_hPa, p_arr)
+    xs  = Float64[]
+    ys  = Float64[]
+    T_K = T0_C + 273.15
+    for i in 1:length(p_arr)
+        P = p_arr[i]
+        P > P0_hPa + 0.5 && continue
+        push!(xs, skew_x(T_K - 273.15, P))
+        push!(ys, y_p(P))
+        if i < length(p_arr)
+            ws    = max(0.0, ws_sat(T_K - 273.15, P) / 1000.0)
+            dT_dp = (Rd_CONST * T_K + Lv_CONST * ws) /
+                    (P * (Cp_CONST + Lv_CONST^2 * ws / (Rv_CONST * T_K^2)))
+            T_K   = T_K + dT_dp * (p_arr[i + 1] - P)
+        end
+    end
+    return xs, ys
+end
+
+# Compute lifted parcel temperatures (Bolton 1980) and return LCL metadata.
+# p_arr must be sorted descending (1000 → 100 hPa).
+function lifted_parcel_temps(T_surf_C, Td_surf_C, P_surf_hPa, p_arr)
+    T_K  = T_surf_C + 273.15
+    Td_K = Td_surf_C + 273.15
+    Rcp  = Rd_CONST / Cp_CONST
+
+    # LCL temperature and pressure (Bolton 1980)
+    T_LCL_K = 56.0 + 1.0 / (1.0 / (Td_K - 56.0) + log(T_K / Td_K) / 800.0)
+    P_LCL   = P_surf_hPa * (T_LCL_K / T_K)^(Cp_CONST / Rd_CONST)
+
+    T_moist = T_LCL_K
+    prev_P  = P_LCL
+    T_out   = Float64[]
+
+    for P in p_arr
+        if P >= P_LCL
+            # Dry adiabatic lifting
+            push!(T_out, T_K * (P / P_surf_hPa)^Rcp - 273.15)
+        else
+            # Moist adiabatic lifting — one Euler step from prev level
+            ws      = max(0.0, ws_sat(T_moist - 273.15, prev_P) / 1000.0)
+            dT_dp   = (Rd_CONST * T_moist + Lv_CONST * ws) /
+                      (prev_P * (Cp_CONST + Lv_CONST^2 * ws / (Rv_CONST * T_moist^2)))
+            T_moist = T_moist + dT_dp * (P - prev_P)
+            prev_P  = P
+            push!(T_out, T_moist - 273.15)
+        end
+    end
+    return T_out, T_LCL_K - 273.15, P_LCL
+end
+
+# Parcel path at both resolutions
+parcel_Ts_obs, T_LCL_C, P_LCL_hPa = lifted_parcel_temps(
+    T_OBS[1], TD_OBS[1], P_OBS[1], P_OBS)
+parcel_Ts_fine, _, _ = lifted_parcel_temps(
+    T_OBS[1], TD_OBS[1], P_OBS[1], P_FINE)
+
+# Figure
+fig = Figure(
+    size            = (1600, 900),
+    fontsize        = 14,
+    backgroundcolor = PAGE_BG,
+)
+
+ax = Axis(
+    fig[1, 1];
+    title              = "skewt-logp-atmospheric · julia · makie · anyplot.ai",
+    titlesize          = 20,
+    titlecolor         = INK,
+    xlabel             = "Temperature (°C)",
+    ylabel             = "Pressure (hPa)",
+    xlabelsize         = 14,
+    ylabelsize         = 14,
+    xticklabelsize     = 12,
+    yticklabelsize     = 12,
+    xlabelcolor        = INK,
+    ylabelcolor        = INK,
+    xticklabelcolor    = INK_SOFT,
+    yticklabelcolor    = INK_SOFT,
+    xtickcolor         = INK_SOFT,
+    ytickcolor         = INK_SOFT,
+    backgroundcolor    = PAGE_BG,
+    leftspinecolor     = INK_SOFT,
+    bottomspinecolor   = INK_SOFT,
+    topspinevisible    = false,
+    rightspinevisible  = false,
+    xgridvisible       = false,
+    ygridvisible       = false,
+    yreversed          = true,
+)
+
+# Y-axis: log10(P) with 1000 hPa at bottom, 100 hPa at top
+ylims!(ax, y_p(100.0) - 0.02, y_p(1000.0) + 0.02)
+const P_YTICKS = [1000.0, 925.0, 850.0, 700.0, 500.0, 400.0, 300.0, 200.0, 100.0]
+ax.yticks = (y_p.(P_YTICKS), string.(Int.(P_YTICKS)))
+
+# X-axis: skewed temperature coordinate, ticks at surface temps
+xlims!(ax, -47.0, 88.0)
+const T_XTICKS = Float64[-40, -30, -20, -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40]
+ax.xticks = (T_XTICKS, string.(Int.(T_XTICKS)) .* "°")
+
+# Background isobars
+isobar_col = RGBAf(INK.r, INK.g, INK.b, 0.08f0)
+for P in [950.0, 925.0, 850.0, 800.0, 750.0, 700.0, 650.0, 600.0, 550.0,
+          500.0, 450.0, 400.0, 350.0, 300.0, 250.0, 200.0, 150.0]
+    hlines!(ax, y_p(P); color = isobar_col, linewidth = 0.6)
+end
+
+# Isotherms (every 10 °C)
+iso_col = THEME == "light" ?
+    RGBAf(0.55f0, 0.55f0, 0.55f0, 0.28f0) :
+    RGBAf(0.62f0, 0.62f0, 0.62f0, 0.22f0)
+
+for T0 in -60.0:10.0:60.0
+    xs, ys = isotherm_line(T0, P_FINE)
+    lines!(ax, xs, ys; color = iso_col, linewidth = 0.7)
+    x_bot = skew_x(T0, 1000.0)
+    if -47.0 <= x_bot <= 88.0
+        text!(ax, x_bot, y_p(1000.0) - 0.014;
+              text    = "$(Int(T0))°",
+              fontsize = 9,
+              color   = INK_SOFT,
+              align   = (:center, :top))
+    end
+end
+
+# Dry adiabats (potential temperature from -40 to 80 °C, every 10 °C)
+dry_col = THEME == "light" ?
+    RGBAf(0.84f0, 0.37f0, 0.0f0, 0.40f0) :
+    RGBAf(0.90f0, 0.55f0, 0.20f0, 0.33f0)
+
+for (i, theta_C) in enumerate(-40.0:10.0:80.0)
+    xs, ys = dry_adiabat_line(theta_C + 273.15, P_FINE)
+    lbl    = i == 1 ? "Dry adiabat" : nothing
+    if isnothing(lbl)
+        lines!(ax, xs, ys; color = dry_col, linewidth = 0.8, linestyle = :dash)
+    else
+        lines!(ax, xs, ys; color = dry_col, linewidth = 0.8, linestyle = :dash, label = lbl)
+    end
+end
+
+# Moist adiabats (surface start temps -5 to 35 °C, every 5 °C)
+moist_col = THEME == "light" ?
+    RGBAf(0.0f0, 0.447f0, 0.698f0, 0.42f0) :
+    RGBAf(0.25f0, 0.62f0, 0.87f0, 0.35f0)
+
+for (i, T_start) in enumerate(-5.0:5.0:35.0)
+    xs, ys = moist_adiabat_line(T_start, 1000.0, P_FINE)
+    lbl    = i == 1 ? "Moist adiabat" : nothing
+    if isnothing(lbl)
+        lines!(ax, xs, ys; color = moist_col, linewidth = 0.8, linestyle = :dashdot)
+    else
+        lines!(ax, xs, ys; color = moist_col, linewidth = 0.8, linestyle = :dashdot, label = lbl)
+    end
+end
+
+# Mixing ratio lines (g/kg), displayed only below 600 hPa
+p_low   = P_FINE[P_FINE .>= 599.0]
+mix_col = THEME == "light" ?
+    RGBAf(0.0f0, 0.62f0, 0.45f0, 0.48f0) :
+    RGBAf(0.0f0, 0.75f0, 0.55f0, 0.40f0)
+
+for (i, ws_gkg) in enumerate([2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 20.0])
+    xs, ys = mixing_ratio_line(ws_gkg, p_low)
+    valid  = .!isnan.(xs) .& isfinite.(xs)
+    lbl    = i == 1 ? "Mixing ratio" : nothing
+    if any(valid)
+        if isnothing(lbl)
+            lines!(ax, xs[valid], ys[valid]; color = mix_col, linewidth = 0.7, linestyle = :dot)
+        else
+            lines!(ax, xs[valid], ys[valid]; color = mix_col, linewidth = 0.7, linestyle = :dot, label = lbl)
+        end
+        # Label at top of visible section (600 hPa)
+        x_top = xs[valid][end]
+        y_top = ys[valid][end]
+        if -47.0 <= x_top <= 88.0
+            text!(ax, x_top, y_top;
+                  text    = "$(Int(ws_gkg))",
+                  fontsize = 8,
+                  color   = mix_col,
+                  align   = (:center, :bottom))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# CAPE region — poly! fills the closed polygon between parcel and environment.
+# This uses Makie's native polygon primitive for efficient filled-area rendering.
+cape_mask = parcel_Ts_obs .> T_OBS
+if any(cape_mask)
+    ci          = findall(cape_mask)
+    env_xs_c    = [skew_x(T_OBS[i],        P_OBS[i]) for i in ci]
+    par_xs_c    = [skew_x(parcel_Ts_obs[i], P_OBS[i]) for i in ci]
+    ys_c        = y_p.(P_OBS[ci])
+    cape_pts    = Point2f.(
+        vcat(par_xs_c, reverse(env_xs_c)),
+        vcat(ys_c,     reverse(ys_c)),
+    )
+    cape_fill = RGBAf(OKABE_ITO[5].r, OKABE_ITO[5].g, OKABE_ITO[5].b, 0.22f0)
+    poly!(ax, cape_pts; color = cape_fill, strokewidth = 0, label = "CAPE")
+end
+
+# Lifted parcel trace (smooth, fine resolution)
+parcel_xs_fine = [skew_x(T, P) for (T, P) in zip(parcel_Ts_fine, P_FINE)]
+lines!(ax, parcel_xs_fine, y_p.(P_FINE);
+       color = OKABE_ITO[4], linewidth = 2.0, linestyle = :dashdotdot,
+       label = "Lifted parcel")
+
+# LCL marker
+lcl_x = skew_x(T_LCL_C, P_LCL_hPa)
+lcl_y = y_p(P_LCL_hPa)
+scatter!(ax, [lcl_x], [lcl_y];
+         color = OKABE_ITO[4], markersize = 10, marker = :diamond, strokewidth = 0)
+text!(ax, lcl_x + 1.5, lcl_y;
+      text    = "LCL",
+      fontsize = 9,
+      color   = OKABE_ITO[4],
+      align   = (:left, :center))
+
+# Sounding profiles
+T_xs   = [skew_x(T, P) for (T, P) in zip(T_OBS, P_OBS)]
+TD_xs  = [skew_x(Td, P) for (Td, P) in zip(TD_OBS, P_OBS)]
+obs_ys = y_p.(P_OBS)
+
+lines!(ax, T_xs, obs_ys;
+       color = OKABE_ITO[1], linewidth = 3.5, label = "Temperature")
+scatter!(ax, T_xs, obs_ys;
+         color = OKABE_ITO[1], markersize = 7, strokewidth = 0)
+
+lines!(ax, TD_xs, obs_ys;
+       color = OKABE_ITO[2], linewidth = 3.5, linestyle = :dash, label = "Dewpoint")
+scatter!(ax, TD_xs, obs_ys;
+         color = OKABE_ITO[2], markersize = 7, strokewidth = 0)
+
+axislegend(ax;
+    position        = :rt,
+    backgroundcolor = ELEVATED_BG,
+    labelcolor      = INK,
+    framecolor      = INK_SOFT,
+    framewidth      = 0.8,
+    labelsize       = 12,
+)
+
+save("plot-$(THEME).png", fig; px_per_unit = 2)