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developed in the 1960s, there were two competing approaches: paging
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and \vocab{segmentation}. Some systems (notably Multics) also included a
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hybrid of the two. Thus, seen historically, segmentation was both a
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competitor and a collaborator of paging. Today, segmentation remains
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only in vestigial form. The IA-32 architecture still contains full
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support for segmentation, but no common operating system uses it, and
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the successor architectures (Itanium and AMD64) have dropped it. As
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competitor and a collaborator of paging.
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This subsection describes segmentation from this historical perspective. Although the word ``segmentation'' is still used today for some related concepts,
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segmentation in the sense described here has gone extinct.
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As
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such, this subsection can be omitted with no great loss.
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Recall that the basic premise of virtual memory is that a process uses
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