ESP32 4-Bit Binary Visualizer

ESP32-based embedded systems project that demonstrates real-time decimal-to-binary conversion using 4 LEDs and an SSD1306 OLED display.

The system counts from 0 to 15 and visualizes each number simultaneously in:

• Decimal format on OLED
• Binary format on OLED
• Physical binary output using LEDs

This project demonstrates digital logic representation, GPIO control, OLED interfacing, and firmware sequencing concepts in embedded systems.

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Features

• Real-time 4-bit binary counting
• Decimal-to-binary visualization
• SSD1306 OLED integration
• LED-based binary representation
• I2C communication
• Structured embedded firmware
• Educational digital logic demonstration

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Hardware Components

Component	Quantity
ESP32 Dev Board	1
SSD1306 OLED Display	1
LEDs	4
220Ω Resistors	4
Breadboard	1
Jumper Wires	Multiple

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Pin Configuration

Component	ESP32 Pin
LED 1	GPIO16
LED 2	GPIO17
LED 3	GPIO18
LED 4	GPIO19
OLED SDA	GPIO21
OLED SCL	GPIO22

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Project Structure

ESP32-4Bit-Binary-Visualizer
│
├── firmware
│   └── ESP32_4Bit_Binary_Visualizer.ino
│
├── docs
│   ├── wiring.png
│   ├── circuit_diagram.png
│   └── oled_active.png
│
├── README.md
├── LICENSE
└── .gitignore

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System Demonstration

The OLED displays both decimal and binary values:

Decimal: 5
Binary : 0101

At the same time, LEDs visualize the binary state physically.

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Wiring Diagram

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Circuit Diagram

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OLED Preview

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How It Works

The ESP32 iterates through a predefined 4-bit binary lookup table containing values from 0 to 15.

Each binary digit controls one LED:

• 0 = LED OFF
• 1 = LED ON

The OLED simultaneously displays:

• Decimal representation
• Binary representation

This creates a synchronized decimal-to-binary visualization system useful for learning:

• Binary number systems
• Digital logic
• GPIO output control
• OLED interfacing
• Embedded firmware sequencing

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Firmware Concepts Used

Concept	Usage
GPIO Output Control	LED binary states
Arrays	Binary lookup table
Nested Loops	State iteration
I2C Communication	OLED interface
OLED Graphics	Data visualization
Embedded Sequencing	Binary state progression

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Required Libraries

Install the following libraries from Arduino IDE Library Manager:

Adafruit GFX Library
Adafruit SSD1306
Wire

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Code Overview

The firmware performs the following operations:

1. Initializes OLED display and GPIO pins
2. Iterates from 0 to 15
3. Outputs binary values to LEDs
4. Displays decimal and binary values on OLED
5. Repeats continuously

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Educational Purpose

This project is useful for understanding:

• Binary number systems
• Decimal-to-binary conversion
• Embedded GPIO control
• OLED display interfacing
• Real-time digital visualization
• Embedded firmware sequencing

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Future Improvements

• Dynamic binary generation using bitwise operations
• Push-button controlled counting
• Up/Down binary counting
• Hexadecimal visualization
• Shift-register expansion
• Interrupt-driven state control

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Author

Milad Mohseni
Embedded Systems & IoT

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License

MIT License