diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/components/chatLeftSidebar.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/components/chatLeftSidebar.tsx
index be0941956..1f6370bdd 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/components/chatLeftSidebar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/components/chatLeftSidebar.tsx
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export function ChatSidebar({
   const [editingTitle, setEditingTitle] = useState("");
   const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
 
-  // 获取用户认证状态
+  // Get user authentication status
   const { isLoading: userAuthLoading, isSpeedMode } = useAuth();
 
   // Add delete dialog status
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/internal/chatInterface.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/internal/chatInterface.tsx
index 7bfd41fa2..9605b1718 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/internal/chatInterface.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/internal/chatInterface.tsx
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ export function ChatInterface() {
       } else {
         // Cache has content, display normally
         setIsLoadingHistoricalConversation(false);
-        setIsLoading(false); // 确保 isLoading 状态也被重置
+        setIsLoading(false); // Ensure isLoading state is also reset
 
         // For cases where there are cached messages, also trigger scrolling to the bottom.
         setShouldScrollToBottom(true);
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMain.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMain.tsx
index 744bfe8b1..6f4d77e90 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMain.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMain.tsx
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export function ChatStreamMain({
   const lastUserMessageIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const messagesEndRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
-  // 处理消息分类
+  // Handle message classification
   useEffect(() => {
     const finalMsgs: ChatMessageType[] = [];
       const taskMsgs: any[] = [];
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ export function ChatStreamMain({
         setShowScrollButton(false);
       }
 
-      // 显示顶部渐变效果
+      // Show top gradient effect
       if (scrollTop > 10) {
         setShowTopFade(true);
       } else {
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMessage.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMessage.tsx
index 335c816d7..13cd1f432 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMessage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/chatStreamMessage.tsx
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export function ChatStreamMessage({
                   <ChatAttachment
                     attachments={message.attachments as AttachmentItem[]}
                     onImageClick={onImageClick}
-                    className="justify-end" // 靠右对齐
+                    className="justify-end" // Right align
                   />
                 </div>
               </div>
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/taskWindow.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/taskWindow.tsx
index c4e6636da..bee865ea9 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/taskWindow.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/chat/streaming/taskWindow.tsx
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ export function TaskWindow({ messages, isStreaming = false }: TaskWindowProps) {
       if (lastMessage.finalAnswer) {
         const timer = setTimeout(() => {
           setIsExpanded(false);
-        }, 1000); // 1秒后折叠
+        }, 1000); // Collapse after 1 second
         return () => clearTimeout(timer);
       }
     }
@@ -1004,9 +1004,9 @@ export function TaskWindow({ messages, isStreaming = false }: TaskWindowProps) {
 
           return (
             <div key={message.id || groupIndex} className="relative mb-5">
-              {/* 使用flex布局确保圆点与文本内容对齐 */}
+              {/* Use flex layout to ensure dots align with text content */}
               <div className="flex items-start">
-                {/* 圆点容器 */}
+                {/* Dot container */}
                 <div
                   className="flex-shrink-0 mr-3"
                   style={{ position: "relative", top: "0.95rem" }}
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ export function TaskWindow({ messages, isStreaming = false }: TaskWindowProps) {
                   ></div>
                 </div>
 
-                {/* 消息内容 */}
+                {/* Message content */}
                 <div className="flex-1 text-sm break-words min-w-0">
                   {renderMessageContent(message)}
 
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ export function TaskWindow({ messages, isStreaming = false }: TaskWindowProps) {
     );
   };
 
-  // 计算容器高度：内容高度 + header高度，但不超过最大高度
+  // Calculate container height: content height + header height, but not exceeding maximum height
   const maxHeight = 300;
   const headerHeight = 55;
   const availableHeight = maxHeight - headerHeight;
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/page.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/page.tsx
index 9f746dbb9..d20ce661b 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/page.tsx
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export default function Home() {
     const [adminRequiredPromptOpen, setAdminRequiredPromptOpen] =
       useState(false);
 
-    // 处理需要登录的操作
+    // Handle operations that require login
     const handleAuthRequired = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
       if (!user) {
         e.preventDefault();
@@ -65,24 +65,24 @@ export default function Home() {
       }
     };
 
-    // 确认登录对话框
+    // Confirm login dialog
     const handleCloseLoginPrompt = () => {
       setLoginPromptOpen(false);
     };
 
-    // 处理登录按钮点击
+    // Handle login button click
     const handleLoginClick = () => {
       setLoginPromptOpen(false);
       openLoginModal();
     };
 
-    // 处理注册按钮点击
+    // Handle register button click
     const handleRegisterClick = () => {
       setLoginPromptOpen(false);
       openRegisterModal();
     };
 
-    // 处理需要管理员权限的操作
+    // Handle operations that require admin privileges
     const handleAdminRequired = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
       if (user?.role !== "admin") {
         e.preventDefault();
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export default function Home() {
       }
     };
 
-    // 关闭管理员提示框
+    // Close admin prompt dialog
     const handleCloseAdminPrompt = () => {
       setAdminRequiredPromptOpen(false);
     };
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export default function Home() {
             </h1>
           </div>
           <div className="hidden md:flex items-center gap-6">
-            {/* Github 按钮 */}
+            {/* Github button */}
             <Link
               href="https://github.com/ModelEngine-Group/nexent"
               target="_blank"
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export default function Home() {
               </svg>
               Github
             </Link>
-            {/* ModelEngine 链接始终显示 */}
+            {/* ModelEngine link always visible */}
             <Link
               href="http://modelengine-ai.net"
               className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-600 hover:text-slate-900 dark:text-slate-300 dark:hover:text-white transition-colors"
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ export default function Home() {
                 <DownOutlined className="text-[10px]" />
               </a>
             </Dropdown>
-            {/* 登录状态切换显示 - 只在完整版显示 */}
+            {/* Login status toggle display - only shown in full version */}
             {!isSpeedMode && (
               <>
                 {userLoading ? (
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export default function Home() {
               </>
             )}
           </div>
-          {/* 右侧汉堡按钮 为移动版预留 */}
+          {/* Right hamburger button reserved for mobile version */}
           <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" className="md:hidden">
             <svg
               xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ export default function Home() {
               </Link>
             </motion.div>
 
-            {/* 数据保护提示 - 只在完整版显示 */}
+            {/* Data protection notice - only shown in full version */}
             {!isSpeedMode && (
               <motion.div
                 initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ export default function Home() {
           </div>
         </footer>
 
-        {/* 登录提示对话框 - 只在完整版显示 */}
+        {/* Login prompt dialog - only shown in full version */}
         {!isSpeedMode && (
           <Modal
             title={t("page.loginPrompt.title")}
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ export default function Home() {
           </Modal>
         )}
 
-        {/* 登录和注册模态框 - 只在完整版显示 */}
+        {/* Login and register modals - only shown in full version */}
         {!isSpeedMode && (
           <>
             <LoginModal />
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ export default function Home() {
           </>
         )}
 
-        {/* 管理员提示对话框 - 只在完整版显示 */}
+        {/* Admin prompt dialog - only shown in full version */}
         {!isSpeedMode && (
           <Modal
             title={t("page.adminPrompt.title")}
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/knowledge/KnowledgeBaseList.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/knowledge/KnowledgeBaseList.tsx
index a3e8637f1..194ed0934 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/knowledge/KnowledgeBaseList.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/knowledge/KnowledgeBaseList.tsx
@@ -6,30 +6,30 @@ import { SyncOutlined, PlusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons'
 
 import { KnowledgeBase } from '@/types/knowledgeBase'
 
-// 知识库布局常量配置
+// Knowledge base layout constants configuration
 const KB_LAYOUT = {
-  // 知识库行高配置
-  ROW_PADDING: 'py-4', // 行垂直内边距
-  HEADER_PADDING: 'p-3', // 列表头部内边距
-  BUTTON_PADDING: 'p-2', // 创建按钮区域内边距
-  TAG_SPACING: 'gap-0.5', // 标签之间的间距
-  TAG_MARGIN: 'mt-2.5', // 标签容器上边距
-  // 标签相关配置
-  TAG_PADDING: 'px-1.5 py-0.5', // 标签内边距
-  TAG_TEXT: 'text-xs font-medium', // 标签文字样式
-  TAG_ROUNDED: 'rounded-md', // 标签圆角
-  // 换行相关配置
-  TAG_BREAK_HEIGHT: 'h-0.5', // 换行间隔高度
-  SECOND_ROW_TAG_MARGIN: 'mt-0.5', // 第二行标签上边距
-  // 其他布局配置
-  TITLE_MARGIN: 'ml-2', // 标题左边距
-  EMPTY_STATE_PADDING: 'py-4', // 空状态内边距
-  // 标题相关配置
-  TITLE_TEXT: 'text-xl font-bold', // 标题文字样式
-  KB_NAME_TEXT: 'text-lg font-medium', // 知识库名称文字样式
-  // 知识库名称配置
-  KB_NAME_MAX_WIDTH: '220px', // 知识库名称最大宽度
-  KB_NAME_OVERFLOW: {        // 知识库名称溢出样式
+  // Knowledge base row height configuration
+  ROW_PADDING: 'py-4', // Row vertical padding
+  HEADER_PADDING: 'p-3', // List header padding
+  BUTTON_PADDING: 'p-2', // Create button area padding
+  TAG_SPACING: 'gap-0.5', // Spacing between tags
+  TAG_MARGIN: 'mt-2.5', // Tag container top margin
+  // Tag related configuration
+  TAG_PADDING: 'px-1.5 py-0.5', // Tag padding
+  TAG_TEXT: 'text-xs font-medium', // Tag text style
+  TAG_ROUNDED: 'rounded-md', // Tag rounded corners
+  // Line break related configuration
+  TAG_BREAK_HEIGHT: 'h-0.5', // Line break interval height
+  SECOND_ROW_TAG_MARGIN: 'mt-0.5', // Second row tag top margin
+  // Other layout configuration
+  TITLE_MARGIN: 'ml-2', // Title left margin
+  EMPTY_STATE_PADDING: 'py-4', // Empty state padding
+  // Title related configuration
+  TITLE_TEXT: 'text-xl font-bold', // Title text style
+  KB_NAME_TEXT: 'text-lg font-medium', // Knowledge base name text style
+  // Knowledge base name configuration
+  KB_NAME_MAX_WIDTH: '220px', // Knowledge base name max width
+  KB_NAME_OVERFLOW: {        // Knowledge base name overflow style
     textOverflow: 'ellipsis',
     whiteSpace: 'nowrap',
     overflow: 'hidden',
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ interface KnowledgeBaseListProps {
   onCreateNew: () => void
   isSelectable: (kb: KnowledgeBase) => boolean
   getModelDisplayName: (modelId: string) => string
-  containerHeight?: string // 容器总高度，与DocumentList保持一致
-  onKnowledgeBaseChange?: () => void // 新增：知识库切换时的回调函数
+  containerHeight?: string // Container total height, consistent with DocumentList
+  onKnowledgeBaseChange?: () => void // New: callback function when knowledge base switches
 }
 
 const KnowledgeBaseList: React.FC<KnowledgeBaseListProps> = ({
@@ -67,25 +67,25 @@ const KnowledgeBaseList: React.FC<KnowledgeBaseListProps> = ({
   onCreateNew,
   isSelectable,
   getModelDisplayName,
-  containerHeight = '70vh', // 默认与DocumentList一致的容器高度
-  onKnowledgeBaseChange // 新增：知识库切换时的回调函数
+  containerHeight = '70vh', // Default container height consistent with DocumentList
+  onKnowledgeBaseChange // New: callback function when knowledge base switches
 }) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
 
-  // 格式化日期函数，只保留日期部分
+  // Format date function, only keep date part
   const formatDate = (dateString: number) => {
     try {
       const date = new Date(dateString);
-      return date.toISOString().split('T')[0]; // 只返回YYYY-MM-DD部分
+      return date.toISOString().split('T')[0]; // Only return YYYY-MM-DD part
     } catch (e) {
-      return dateString; // 如果解析失败，返回原始字符串
+      return dateString; // If parsing fails, return original string
     }
   };
 
 
   return (
     <div className="w-full bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-md flex flex-col" style={{ height: containerHeight }}>
-      {/* 固定的头部区域 */}
+      {/* Fixed header area */}
       <div className={`${KB_LAYOUT.HEADER_PADDING} border-b border-gray-200 shrink-0`}>
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
           <div>
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ const KnowledgeBaseList: React.FC<KnowledgeBaseListProps> = ({
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      {/* 固定的选择状态区域 */}
+      {/* Fixed selection status area */}
       <div className="border-b border-gray-200 shrink-0 relative z-10 shadow-md">
         <div className="px-5 py-2 bg-blue-50">
           <div className="flex items-center">
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ const KnowledgeBaseList: React.FC<KnowledgeBaseListProps> = ({
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      {/* 可滚动的知识库列表区域 */}
+      {/* Scrollable knowledge base list area */}
       <div className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden">
         {knowledgeBases.length > 0 ? (
           <div className="divide-y-0">
@@ -272,30 +272,30 @@ const KnowledgeBaseList: React.FC<KnowledgeBaseListProps> = ({
                         </button>
                       </div>
                       <div className={`flex flex-wrap items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_MARGIN} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_SPACING}`}>
-                        {/* 文档数量标签 */}
+                        {/* Document count tag */}
                         <span className={`inline-flex items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_PADDING} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_ROUNDED} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_TEXT} bg-gray-200 text-gray-800 border border-gray-200 mr-1`}>
                           {t('knowledgeBase.tag.documents', { count: kb.documentCount || 0 })}
                         </span>
 
-                        {/* 分块数量标签 */}
+                        {/* Chunk count tag */}
                         <span className={`inline-flex items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_PADDING} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_ROUNDED} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_TEXT} bg-gray-200 text-gray-800 border border-gray-200 mr-1`}>
                           {t('knowledgeBase.tag.chunks', { count: kb.chunkCount || 0 })}
                         </span>
 
-                        {/* 知识库来源标签 */}
+                        {/* Knowledge base source tag */}
                         <span className={`inline-flex items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_PADDING} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_ROUNDED} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_TEXT} bg-gray-200 text-gray-800 border border-gray-200 mr-1`}>
                           {t('knowledgeBase.tag.source', { source: kb.source })}
                         </span>
 
-                        {/* 创建日期标签 - 只显示日期 */}
+                        {/* Creation date tag - only show date */}
                         <span className={`inline-flex items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_PADDING} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_ROUNDED} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_TEXT} bg-gray-200 text-gray-800 border border-gray-200 mr-1`}>
                           {t('knowledgeBase.tag.createdAt', { date: formatDate(kb.createdAt) })}
                         </span>
 
-                        {/* 强制换行 */}
+                        {/* Force line break */}
                         <div className={`w-full ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_BREAK_HEIGHT}`}></div>
 
-                        {/* 模型标签 - 显示正常或不匹配 */}
+                        {/* Model tag - show normal or mismatch */}
                         <span className={`inline-flex items-center ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_PADDING} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_ROUNDED} ${KB_LAYOUT.TAG_TEXT} ${KB_LAYOUT.SECOND_ROW_TAG_MARGIN} bg-green-100 text-green-800 border border-green-200 mr-1`}>
                           {t('knowledgeBase.tag.model', { model: getModelDisplayName(kb.embeddingModel) })}
                         </span>
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadArea.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadArea.tsx
index f5ace4790..49881ec86 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadArea.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadArea.tsx
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
     prevFileListRef.current = fileList;
   }, [fileList]);
   
-  // 重置所有状态的函数
+  // Function to reset all states
   const resetAllStates = useCallback(() => {
     setFileList([]);
     setNameStatus('available');
@@ -68,23 +68,23 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
     setIsKnowledgeBaseReady(false);
   }, []);
 
-  // 监听知识库变化，重置文件列表并获取知识库信息
+  // Listen for knowledge base changes, reset file list and get knowledge base info
   useEffect(() => {
-    // 如果知识库名称没有变化，不进行重置
+    // If knowledge base name hasn't changed, don't reset
     if (indexName === currentKnowledgeBaseRef.current) {
       return;
     }
 
-    // 取消之前的请求
+    // Cancel previous request
     if (pendingRequestRef.current) {
       pendingRequestRef.current.abort();
       pendingRequestRef.current = null;
     }
 
-    // 立即重置状态和清空文件列表
+    // Immediately reset state and clear file list
     resetAllStates();
     
-    // 更新当前知识库引用
+    // Update current knowledge base reference
     currentKnowledgeBaseRef.current = indexName;
 
     if (!indexName || isCreatingMode) {
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
       return;
     }
 
-    // 创建新的 AbortController
+    // Create new AbortController
     const abortController = new AbortController();
     pendingRequestRef.current = abortController;
 
-    // 使用服务函数获取知识库信息
+    // Use service function to get knowledge base info
     fetchKnowledgeBaseInfo(
       indexName, 
       abortController, 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
       message
     );
 
-    // 清理函数
+    // Cleanup function
     return () => {
       if (pendingRequestRef.current) {
         pendingRequestRef.current.abort();
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
     };
   }, [indexName, isCreatingMode, resetAllStates, t, message]);
   
-  // 暴露文件列表给父组件
+  // Expose file list to parent component
   useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
     fileList
   }), [fileList]);
   
-  // 检查知识库名称是否已存在
+  // Check if knowledge base name already exists
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!isCreatingMode || !newKnowledgeBaseName) {
       setNameStatus('available');
@@ -154,30 +154,30 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
     };
   }, [isCreatingMode, newKnowledgeBaseName, t]);
   
-  // 处理文件变更
+  // Handle file changes
   const handleChange = useCallback(({ fileList: newFileList }: { fileList: UploadFile[] }) => {
 
-    // 确保只更新当前知识库的文件列表
+    // Ensure only updating current knowledge base's file list
     if (isCreatingMode || indexName === currentKnowledgeBaseRef.current) {
       setFileList(newFileList);
     } else {
       return;
     }
     
-    // 检查上传是否刚刚完成
+    // Check if upload just completed
     const prevFileList = prevFileListRef.current;
     const uploadWasInProgress = prevFileList.some(f => f.status === 'uploading');
     const uploadIsNowFinished = newFileList.length > 0 && !newFileList.some(f => f.status === 'uploading');
 
 
     if (uploadWasInProgress && uploadIsNowFinished) {
-      // 上传完成后仅调用外部的上传完成回调，由 KnowledgeBaseManager 统一管理轮询
+      // After upload completion only call external upload completion callback, let KnowledgeBaseManager manage polling uniformly
       if (onUpload) {
         onUpload();
       }
     }
     
-    // 触发文件选择回调, 传递所有文件
+    // Trigger file selection callback, pass all files
     const files = newFileList
       .map(file => file.originFileObj)
       .filter((file): file is RcFile => !!file);
@@ -187,17 +187,17 @@ const UploadArea = forwardRef<UploadAreaRef, UploadAreaProps>(({
     }
   }, [indexName, onFileSelect, isCreatingMode, newKnowledgeBaseName, onUpload]);
 
-  // 处理自定义上传请求
+  // Handle custom upload request
   const handleCustomRequest = useCallback((options: any) => {
     
-    // 实际上传由父组件的 handleFileUpload 处理
+    // Actual upload is handled by parent component's handleFileUpload
     const { onSuccess, file } = options;
     setTimeout(() => {
       onSuccess({}, file);
     }, 100);
   }, []);
 
-  // 上传组件属性
+  // Upload component properties
   const uploadProps: UploadProps = {
     name: 'file',
     multiple: true,
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadAreaUI.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadAreaUI.tsx
index 30d128b83..eb4e1b40c 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadAreaUI.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/components/upload/UploadAreaUI.tsx
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
 }) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation('common');
 
-  // 加载中状态UI
+  // Loading state UI
   if (isLoading) {
     return (
       <div className="p-3 bg-gray-50 border-t border-gray-200 h-[30%]">
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
     );
   }
   
-  // 知识库未就绪UI
+  // Knowledge base not ready UI
   if (!isKnowledgeBaseReady && !isCreatingMode) {
     return (
       <div className="p-3 bg-gray-50 border-t border-gray-200 h-[30%]">
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
     );
   }
   
-  // 禁用状态UI
+  // Disabled state UI
   if (disabled) {
     return (
       <div className={`p-3 bg-gray-50 border-t border-gray-200 opacity-50 cursor-not-allowed h-[${componentHeight}]`}>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
     );
   }
   
-  // 名称已存在UI - 根据status渲染不同消息
+  // Name already exists UI - render different messages based on status
   if (isCreatingMode && (nameStatus === NAME_CHECK_STATUS.EXISTS_IN_TENANT || nameStatus === NAME_CHECK_STATUS.EXISTS_IN_OTHER_TENANT)) {
     const messageKey = nameStatus === NAME_CHECK_STATUS.EXISTS_IN_TENANT 
       ? 'knowledgeBase.message.nameExists' 
@@ -119,16 +119,16 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
     );
   }
   
-  // 默认UI状态
+  // Default UI state
   return (
     <div className="p-3 bg-gray-50 border-t border-gray-200 h-[30%]">
       <div className="h-full flex transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out">
-        {/* 上传区域容器 */}
+        {/* Upload area container */}
         <div className={`transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out ${
           !isLoading && fileList.length > 0 ? 'w-[40%] pr-2' : 'w-full'
         }`}>
           <div className="relative h-full">
-            {/* 上传区域层 */}
+            {/* Upload area layer */}
             <div 
               className="absolute inset-0 transition-opacity duration-300 ease-in-out"
               onDragOver={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); e.stopPropagation(); }}
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ const UploadAreaUI: React.FC<UploadAreaUIProps> = ({
           </div>
         </div>
         
-        {/* 文件列表区域 */}
+        {/* File list area */}
         <div 
           className={`rounded-lg transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out overflow-hidden ${
             !isLoading && fileList.length > 0 ? 'w-[60%] opacity-100 pl-2' : 'w-0 opacity-0'
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/config.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/config.tsx
index 8513f3906..c09a42ec4 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/config.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/knowledgeSetup/config.tsx
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ interface AppProviderProps {
 }
 
 /**
- * AppProvider - 为应用提供全局状态管理
- *
- * 将知识库、文档和UI状态管理组合在一起，方便一次引入所有上下文
+ * AppProvider - Provides global state management for the application
+ * 
+ * Combines knowledge base, document and UI state management together for easy one-time import of all contexts
  */
 const AppProvider: React.FC<AppProviderProps> = ({ children }) => {
   return (
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
   const { message } = App.useApp();
   const { confirm } = useConfirmModal();
 
-  // 组件初始化时清除缓存
+  // Clear cache when component initializes
   useEffect(() => {
     localStorage.removeItem("preloaded_kb_data");
     localStorage.removeItem("kb_cache");
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
   const [uploadFiles, setUploadFiles] = useState<File[]>([]);
   const [hasClickedUpload, setHasClickedUpload] = useState(false);
 
-  // 添加监听选中新知识库的事件
+  // Add event listener for selecting new knowledge base
   useEffect(() => {
     const handleSelectNewKnowledgeBase = (e: CustomEvent) => {
       const { knowledgeBase } = e.detail;
@@ -180,30 +180,30 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     setHasClickedUpload,
   ]);
 
-  // 基于 isActive 状态的用户配置加载和保存逻辑
-  const prevIsActiveRef = useRef<boolean | null>(null); // 初始化为 null 来区分首次渲染
-  const hasLoadedRef = useRef(false); // 跟踪是否已经加载过配置
-  const savedSelectedIdsRef = useRef<string[]>([]); // 保存当前选中的知识库ID
-  const savedKnowledgeBasesRef = useRef<any[]>([]); // 保存当前知识库列表
-  const hasUserInteractedRef = useRef(false); // 跟踪用户是否有过交互（防止初始加载时误保存空状态）
+  // User configuration loading and saving logic based on isActive state
+  const prevIsActiveRef = useRef<boolean | null>(null); // Initialize as null to distinguish first render
+  const hasLoadedRef = useRef(false); // Track whether configuration has been loaded
+  const savedSelectedIdsRef = useRef<string[]>([]); // Save currently selected knowledge base IDs
+  const savedKnowledgeBasesRef = useRef<any[]>([]); // Save current knowledge base list
+  const hasUserInteractedRef = useRef(false); // Track whether user has interacted (prevent saving empty state during initial load)
 
-  // 监听 isActive 状态变化
+  // Listen for isActive state changes
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    // 清除可能影响状态的缓存
+    // Clear cache that might affect state
     localStorage.removeItem("preloaded_kb_data");
     localStorage.removeItem("kb_cache");
 
     const prevIsActive = prevIsActiveRef.current;
 
-    // 进入第二页时标记准备加载
+    // Mark ready to load when entering second page
     if ((prevIsActive === null || !prevIsActive) && isActive) {
-      hasLoadedRef.current = false; // 重置加载状态
-      hasUserInteractedRef.current = false; // 重置交互状态，防止误保存
+      hasLoadedRef.current = false; // Reset loading state
+      hasUserInteractedRef.current = false; // Reset interaction state to prevent incorrect saving
     }
 
-    // 离开第二页时保存用户配置
+    // Save user configuration when leaving second page
     if (prevIsActive === true && !isActive) {
-      // 只有在用户有过交互后才保存，防止初始加载时误保存空状态
+      // Only save after user has interacted to prevent saving empty state during initial load
       if (hasUserInteractedRef.current) {
         const saveConfig = async () => {
           localStorage.removeItem("preloaded_kb_data");
@@ -219,20 +219,20 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
         saveConfig();
       }
 
-      hasLoadedRef.current = false; // 重置加载状态
+      hasLoadedRef.current = false; // Reset loading state
     }
 
-    // 更新 ref
+    // Update ref
     prevIsActiveRef.current = isActive;
   }, [isActive]);
 
-  // 实时保存当前状态到 ref，确保卸载时能访问到
+  // Save current state to ref in real-time to ensure access during unmount
   useEffect(() => {
     savedSelectedIdsRef.current = kbState.selectedIds;
     savedKnowledgeBasesRef.current = kbState.knowledgeBases;
   }, [kbState.selectedIds, kbState.knowledgeBases]);
 
-  // 获取授权头的辅助函数
+  // Helper function to get authorization headers
   const getAuthHeaders = () => {
     const session =
       typeof window !== "undefined" ? localStorage.getItem("session") : null;
@@ -246,18 +246,18 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     };
   };
 
-  // 组件卸载时的保存逻辑
+  // Save logic when component unmounts
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => {
-      // 组件卸载时，如果之前是活跃状态且用户有过交互，则执行保存
+      // When component unmounts, if previously active and user has interacted, execute save
       if (prevIsActiveRef.current === true && hasUserInteractedRef.current) {
-        // 使用保存的状态而不是当前可能已清空的状态
+        // Use saved state instead of current potentially cleared state
         const selectedKbNames = savedKnowledgeBasesRef.current
           .filter((kb) => savedSelectedIdsRef.current.includes(kb.id))
           .map((kb) => kb.name);
 
         try {
-          // 使用fetch with keepalive确保请求能在页面卸载时发送
+          // Use fetch with keepalive to ensure request can be sent during page unload
           fetch(API_ENDPOINTS.tenantConfig.updateKnowledgeList, {
             method: "POST",
             headers: {
@@ -276,9 +276,9 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     };
   }, []);
 
-  // 单独监听知识库加载状态，当知识库加载完成且处于活跃状态时加载用户配置
+  // Separately listen for knowledge base loading state, load user configuration when knowledge base loading is complete and in active state
   useEffect(() => {
-    // 只有在第二页活跃、知识库已加载、且尚未加载用户配置时才执行
+    // Only execute when second page is active, knowledge base is loaded, and user configuration hasn't been loaded yet
     if (
       isActive &&
       kbState.knowledgeBases.length > 0 &&
@@ -303,12 +303,12 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     const baseNamePrefix = t("knowledgeBase.name.new");
     const existingNames = new Set(existingKbs.map((kb) => kb.name));
 
-    // 如果基础名称未被使用，直接返回
+    // If base name is not used, return directly
     if (!existingNames.has(baseNamePrefix)) {
       return baseNamePrefix;
     }
 
-    // 否则尝试添加数字后缀，直到找到未被使用的名称
+    // Otherwise try adding numeric suffix until finding unused name
     let counter = 1;
     while (existingNames.has(`${baseNamePrefix}${counter}`)) {
       counter++;
@@ -322,26 +322,26 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     kb: KnowledgeBase,
     fromUserClick: boolean = true
   ) => {
-    // 只有当是用户点击时才重置创建模式
+    // Only reset creation mode when user clicks
     if (fromUserClick) {
-      hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // 标记用户有交互
+      hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // Mark user interaction
       setIsCreatingMode(false); // Reset creating mode
-      setHasClickedUpload(false); // 重置上传按钮点击状态
+      setHasClickedUpload(false); // Reset upload button click state
     }
 
-    // 无论是否切换知识库，都需要获取最新文档信息
+    // Whether switching knowledge base or not, need to get latest document information
     const isChangingKB =
       !kbState.activeKnowledgeBase || kb.id !== kbState.activeKnowledgeBase.id;
 
-    // 如果是切换知识库，更新激活状态
+    // If switching knowledge base, update active state
     if (isChangingKB) {
       setActiveKnowledgeBase(kb);
     }
 
-    // 设置活动知识库ID到轮询服务
+    // Set active knowledge base ID to polling service
     knowledgeBasePollingService.setActiveKnowledgeBase(kb.id);
 
-    // 调用知识库切换处理函数
+    // Call knowledge base switch handling function
     handleKnowledgeBaseChange(kb);
   };
 
@@ -351,16 +351,16 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
       // Set loading state before fetching documents
       docDispatch({ type: DOCUMENT_ACTION_TYPES.SET_LOADING_DOCUMENTS, payload: true });
 
-      // 获取最新文档数据
+      // Get latest document data
       const documents = await knowledgeBaseService.getAllFiles(kb.id);
 
-      // 触发文档更新事件
+      // Trigger document update event
       knowledgeBasePollingService.triggerDocumentsUpdate(kb.id, documents);
 
-      // 后台更新知识库统计信息，但不重复获取文档
+      // Background update knowledge base statistics, but don't duplicate document fetching
       setTimeout(async () => {
         try {
-          // 直接调用 fetchKnowledgeBases 更新知识库列表数据
+          // Directly call fetchKnowledgeBases to update knowledge base list data
           await fetchKnowledgeBases(false, true);
         } catch (error) {
           console.error("获取知识库最新数据失败:", error);
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     e.preventDefault();
     setDragging(false);
 
-    // 如果是创建模式或有活动知识库，则处理文件
+    // If in creation mode or has active knowledge base, process files
     if (isCreatingMode || kbState.activeKnowledgeBase) {
       const files = Array.from(e.dataTransfer.files);
       if (files.length > 0) {
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
 
   // Handle knowledge base deletion
   const handleDelete = (id: string) => {
-    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // 标记用户有交互
+    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // Mark user interaction
     confirm({
       title: t("knowledgeBase.modal.deleteConfirm.title"),
       content: t("knowledgeBase.modal.deleteConfirm.content"),
@@ -448,13 +448,13 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
 
   // Handle new knowledge base creation
   const handleCreateNew = () => {
-    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // 标记用户有交互
+    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // Mark user interaction
     // Generate default knowledge base name
     const defaultName = generateUniqueKbName(kbState.knowledgeBases);
     setNewKbName(defaultName);
     setIsCreatingMode(true);
-    setHasClickedUpload(false); // 重置上传按钮点击状态
-    setUploadFiles([]); // 重置上传文件数组，清空所有待上传文件
+    setHasClickedUpload(false); // Reset upload button click state
+    setUploadFiles([]); // Reset upload files array, clear all pending upload files
   };
 
   // Handle document deletion
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     });
   };
 
-  // 处理文件上传 - 在创建模式下先创建知识库再上传，在普通模式下直接上传
+  // Handle file upload - in creation mode create knowledge base first then upload, in normal mode upload directly
   const handleFileUpload = async () => {
     if (!uploadFiles.length) {
       message.warning(t("document.message.noFiles"));
@@ -591,12 +591,12 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
 
   // Get current viewing knowledge base documents
   const viewingDocuments = (() => {
-    // 在创建模式下返回空数组，因为新知识库还没有文档
+    // In creation mode return empty array because new knowledge base has no documents yet
     if (isCreatingMode) {
       return [];
     }
 
-    // 正常模式下，使用activeKnowledgeBase
+    // In normal mode, use activeKnowledgeBase
     return kbState.activeKnowledgeBase
       ? docState.documentsMap[kbState.activeKnowledgeBase.id] || []
       : [];
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
   const viewingKbName =
     kbState.activeKnowledgeBase?.name || (isCreatingMode ? newKbName : "");
 
-  // 只要有文档上传成功，立即自动切换创建模式为 false
+  // As long as any document upload succeeds, immediately switch creation mode to false
   useEffect(() => {
     if (isCreatingMode && viewingDocuments.length > 0) {
       setIsCreatingMode(false);
@@ -615,13 +615,13 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
 
   // Handle knowledge base selection
   const handleSelectKnowledgeBase = (id: string) => {
-    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // 标记用户有交互
+    hasUserInteractedRef.current = true; // Mark user interaction
     selectKnowledgeBase(id);
 
     // When selecting knowledge base also get latest data (low priority background operation)
     setTimeout(async () => {
       try {
-        // 使用较低优先级刷新数据，因为这不是关键操作
+        // Use lower priority to refresh data as this is not a critical operation
         await refreshKnowledgeBaseData(true);
       } catch (error) {
         console.error("刷新知识库数据失败:", error);
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     }, 500); // Delay execution, lower priority
   };
 
-  // 在组件初始化或活动知识库变化时更新轮询服务中的活动知识库ID
+  // Update active knowledge base ID in polling service when component initializes or active knowledge base changes
   useEffect(() => {
     if (kbState.activeKnowledgeBase) {
       knowledgeBasePollingService.setActiveKnowledgeBase(
@@ -643,15 +643,15 @@ function DataConfig({ isActive }: DataConfigProps) {
     }
   }, [kbState.activeKnowledgeBase, isCreatingMode, newKbName]);
 
-  // 在组件卸载时清理轮询
+  // Clean up polling when component unmounts
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => {
-      // 停止所有轮询
+      // Stop all polling
       knowledgeBasePollingService.stopAllPolling();
     };
   }, []);
 
-  // 创建模式下，知识库名称变化时，重置"名称已存在"状态
+  // In creation mode, reset "name already exists" state when knowledge base name changes
   const handleNameChange = (name: string) => {
     setNewKbName(name);
   };
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelDeleteDialog.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelDeleteDialog.tsx
index b8f5c1bc2..9a08c4824 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelDeleteDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelDeleteDialog.tsx
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
   const [selectedModelForSettings, setSelectedModelForSettings] = useState<any>(null)
   const [modelMaxTokens, setModelMaxTokens] = useState("4096")
 
-  // 获取模型的颜色方案
+  // Get model color scheme
   const getModelColorScheme = (type: ModelType): { bg: string; text: string; border: string } => {
     switch (type) {
       case MODEL_TYPES.LLM:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
     }
   }
 
-  // 获取模型的图标
+  // Get model icon
   const getModelIcon = (type: ModelType) => {
     switch (type) {
       case MODEL_TYPES.LLM:
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
     }
   }
 
-  // 获取模型的显示名称
+  // Get model display name
   const getModelTypeName = (type: ModelType | null): string => {
     if (!type) return t('model.type.unknown')
     switch (type) {
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
       await modelService.deleteCustomModel(displayName)
       let configUpdates: any = {}
       
-      // 检查每个模型配置，如果当前使用的是被删除的模型，则清空配置
+      // Check each model configuration, if currently using a deleted model, clear the configuration
       if (modelConfig.llm.displayName === displayName) {
         configUpdates.llm = { modelName: "", displayName: "", apiConfig: { apiKey: "", modelUrl: "" } }
       }
@@ -252,25 +252,25 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
         configUpdates.tts = { modelName: "", displayName: "" }
       }
 
-      // 如果有配置需要更新，则更新localStorage
+      // If there are configurations to update, update localStorage
       if (Object.keys(configUpdates).length > 0) {
         updateModelConfig(configUpdates)
       }
 
-      // 显示成功消息
+      // Show success message
       message.success(t('model.message.deleteSuccess', { name: displayName }))
       
-      // 直接调用父组件的onSuccess回调刷新模型列表
-      // 这会触发一次modelService.getCustomModels()调用，避免重复请求
+      // Directly call parent component's onSuccess callback to refresh model list
+      // This triggers a modelService.getCustomModels() call, avoiding duplicate requests
       await onSuccess()
       
-      // 删除后根据剩余数量调整层级导航
+      // Adjust hierarchical navigation based on remaining count after deletion
       if (deletingModelType) {
         const remainingByTypeAndSource = customModels.filter(model =>
           model.type === deletingModelType && (!selectedSource || model.source === selectedSource) && model.displayName !== displayName
         )
         if (selectedSource && remainingByTypeAndSource.length === 0) {
-          // 当前来源下已无模型，退回到来源选择
+          // No models under current source, return to source selection
           setSelectedSource(null)
         }
         const remainingByType = customModels.filter(model =>
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ export const ModelDeleteDialog = ({
     }
   }
 
-  // 处理关闭对话框
+  // Handle closing dialog
   const handleClose = () => {
     setDeletingModelType(null)
     setSelectedSource(null)
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelEditDialog.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelEditDialog.tsx
index f74c523b2..84fe6aaa4 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelEditDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelEditDialog.tsx
@@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ export const ModelEditDialog = ({ isOpen, model, onClose, onSuccess }: ModelEdit
     if (!model) return
     setLoading(true)
     try {
-      // 使用更新接口而不是删除 + 新增
+      // Use update interface instead of delete + add
       const modelType = form.type as ModelType
       // Determine max tokens
       let maxTokensValue = parseInt(form.maxTokens)
       if (isEmbeddingModel) maxTokensValue = 0
       
       await modelService.updateSingleModel({
-        model_id: model.id, // 使用模型名称作为ID
+        model_id: model.id, // Use model name as ID
         displayName: form.displayName,
         url: form.url,
         apiKey: form.apiKey.trim() === "" ? "sk-no-api-key" : form.apiKey,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ export const ModelEditDialog = ({ isOpen, model, onClose, onSuccess }: ModelEdit
         source: model.source
       })
 
-      // 更新本地配置（仅当当前编辑模型在配置中被选中时）
+      // Update local configuration (only when currently edited model is selected in configuration)
       const modelConfigKeyMap: Record<ModelType, string> = {
         llm: MODEL_TYPES.LLM,
         embedding: MODEL_TYPES.EMBEDDING,
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelListCard.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelListCard.tsx
index 40f107002..a44359221 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelListCard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/components/model/ModelListCard.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { CloseOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons'
 import { MODEL_TYPES, MODEL_STATUS } from '@/const/modelConfig'
 import { ModelConnectStatus, ModelOption, ModelSource, ModelType } from '@/types/modelConfig'
 
-// 统一管理模型连接状态颜色
+// Unified management of model connection status colors
 const CONNECT_STATUS_COLORS: Record<ModelConnectStatus | 'default', string> = {
   [MODEL_STATUS.AVAILABLE]: "#52c41a",
   [MODEL_STATUS.UNAVAILABLE]: "#ff4d4f",
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const CONNECT_STATUS_COLORS: Record<ModelConnectStatus | 'default', string> = {
   default: "#17202a"
 };
 
-// 动画定义不再包含颜色，由样式传递
+// Animation definition no longer includes colors, passed through styles
 const PULSE_ANIMATION = `
   @keyframes pulse {
     0% {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ const PULSE_ANIMATION = `
   }
 `;
 
-// 只拼接样式，颜色和动画通过参数传递
+// Only concatenate styles, colors and animations passed through parameters
 const getStatusStyle = (status?: ModelConnectStatus): React.CSSProperties => {
   const color = (status && CONNECT_STATUS_COLORS[status]) || CONNECT_STATUS_COLORS.default;
   const baseStyle: React.CSSProperties = {
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ const getStatusStyle = (status?: ModelConnectStatus): React.CSSProperties => {
     return {
       ...baseStyle,
       animation: 'pulse 1.5s infinite',
-      // 用CSS变量传递动画色
+      // Pass animation color through CSS variables
       ['--pulse-color' as any]: color
     };
   }
   return baseStyle;
 };
 
-// 获取模型来源对应的标签样式
+// Get tag styles corresponding to model source
 const getSourceTagStyle = (source: string): React.CSSProperties => {
   const baseStyle: React.CSSProperties = {
     marginRight: '4px',
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ interface ModelListCardProps {
   onModelChange: (value: string) => void
   officialModels: ModelOption[]
   customModels: ModelOption[]
-  onVerifyModel?: (modelName: string, modelType: ModelType) => void // 新增验证模型的回调
-  errorFields?: {[key: string]: boolean} // 新增错误字段状态
+  onVerifyModel?: (modelName: string, modelType: ModelType) => void // New callback for verifying models
+  errorFields?: {[key: string]: boolean} // New error field state
 }
 
 export const ModelListCard = ({
@@ -127,36 +127,36 @@ export const ModelListCard = ({
 }: ModelListCardProps) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
 
-  // 添加模型列表状态，用于更新
+  // Add model list state for updates
   const [modelsData, setModelsData] = useState({
     official: [...officialModels],
     custom: [...customModels]
   });
 
-  // 在组件中创建一个style元素，包含动画定义
+  // Create a style element in the component containing animation definitions
   useEffect(() => {
-    // 创建style元素
+    // Create style element
     const styleElement = document.createElement('style');
     styleElement.type = 'text/css';
     styleElement.innerHTML = PULSE_ANIMATION;
     document.head.appendChild(styleElement);
 
-    // 清理函数，组件卸载时移除style元素
+    // Cleanup function, remove style element when component unmounts
     return () => {
       document.head.removeChild(styleElement);
     };
   }, []);
 
-  // 获取模型列表时需要考虑具体的选项类型
+  // When getting model list, need to consider specific option type
   const getModelsBySource = (): { official: ModelOption[]; custom: ModelOption[] } => {
-    // 每种类型只显示对应类型的模型
+    // Each type only shows models of corresponding type
     return {
       official: modelsData.official.filter(model => model.type === type),
       custom: modelsData.custom.filter(model => model.type === type)
     }
   }
 
-  // 获取模型来源
+  // Get model source
   const getModelSource = (displayName: string): string => {
     if (type === MODEL_TYPES.TTS || type === MODEL_TYPES.STT || type === MODEL_TYPES.VLM) {
       const modelOfType = modelsData.custom.find((m) => m.type === type && m.displayName === displayName)
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ export const ModelListCard = ({
 
   const modelsBySource = getModelsBySource()
 
-  // 本地更新模型状态
+  // Local update model status
   const updateLocalModelStatus = (displayName: string, status: ModelConnectStatus) => {
     setModelsData(prevData => {
-      // 查找要更新的模型
+      // Find model to update
       const modelToUpdate = prevData.custom.find(m => m.displayName === displayName && m.type === type);
       
       if (!modelToUpdate) {
@@ -200,12 +200,12 @@ export const ModelListCard = ({
     });
   };
 
-  // 当父组件传入的模型列表更新时，更新本地状态
+  // When parent component's model list updates, update local state
   useEffect(() => {
-    // 更新本地状态，但不触发fetchModelsStatus
+    // Update local state but don't trigger fetchModelsStatus
     setModelsData(prevData => {
       const updatedOfficialModels = officialModels.map(model => {
-        // 保留已有的connect_status，如果存在的话
+        // Preserve existing connect_status if it exists
         const existingModel = prevData.official.find(m => m.name === model.name && m.type === model.type);
         return {
           ...model,
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ export const ModelListCard = ({
       });
       
       const updatedCustomModels = customModels.map(model => {
-        // 优先使用新传入的状态，这样能反映后端的最新状态
+        // Prioritize using newly passed status to reflect latest backend state
         return {
           ...model,
           connect_status: model.connect_status || MODEL_STATUS.UNCHECKED as ModelConnectStatus
@@ -228,20 +228,20 @@ export const ModelListCard = ({
     });
   }, [officialModels, customModels, type, modelId]);
 
-  // 处理状态指示灯点击事件
+  // Handle status indicator click event
   const handleStatusClick = (e: React.MouseEvent, displayName: string) => {
-    e.stopPropagation(); // 阻止事件冒泡
-    e.preventDefault(); // 阻止默认行为
-    e.nativeEvent.stopImmediatePropagation(); // 阻止所有同级事件处理程序
+    e.stopPropagation(); // Prevent event bubbling
+    e.preventDefault(); // Prevent default behavior
+    e.nativeEvent.stopImmediatePropagation(); // Prevent all sibling event handlers
     
     if (onVerifyModel && displayName) {
-      // 先更新本地状态为"检测中"
+      // First update local state to "checking"
       updateLocalModelStatus(displayName, MODEL_STATUS.CHECKING);
-      // 然后调用验证函数
+      // Then call verification function
       onVerifyModel(displayName, type);
     }
     
-    return false; // 确保不会继续冒泡
+    return false; // Ensure no further bubbling
   };
 
   return (
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/config.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/config.tsx
index 015d3dfc3..ff8faa285 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/config.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/modelSetup/config.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { ModelConfigSection, ModelConfigSectionRef } from './components/modelCon
 
 const { Title } = Typography
 
-// 添加接口定义
+// Add interface definition
 interface AppModelConfigProps {
   skipModelVerification?: boolean;
   onSelectedModelsChange?: (selected: Record<string, Record<string, string>>) => void;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export default function AppModelConfig({ skipModelVerification = false, onSelect
   const [isClientSide, setIsClientSide] = useState(false)
   const modelConfigRef = useRef<ModelConfigSectionRef | null>(null)
 
-  // 添加useEffect钩子用于初始化加载配置
+  // Add useEffect hook for initial configuration loading
   useEffect(() => {
     setIsClientSide(true)
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export default function AppModelConfig({ skipModelVerification = false, onSelect
     }
   }, [skipModelVerification])
 
-  // 将子组件的选中模型上报给父级（若提供回调）
+  // Report selected models from child component to parent (if callback provided)
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!onSelectedModelsChange) return;
     const timer = setInterval(() => {
diff --git a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/page.tsx b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/page.tsx
index 89ef6e91f..a3a612b6a 100644
--- a/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/[locale]/setup/page.tsx
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ function Header({
           {t("setup.header.description")}
         </span>
       </div>
-      {/* 语言切换 */}
+      {/* Language switch */}
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
         <Dropdown
           menu={{
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function Header({
             <DownOutlined className="text-[10px]" />
           </a>
         </Dropdown>
-        {/* ModelEngine连通性状态 */}
+        {/* ModelEngine connectivity status */}
         <div className="flex items-center px-3 py-1.5 rounded-md border border-slate-200 dark:border-slate-700">
           <Badge
             status={connectionStatus}
diff --git a/frontend/components/ui/statusBadge.tsx b/frontend/components/ui/statusBadge.tsx
index bc547dbf8..0f7c5382b 100644
--- a/frontend/components/ui/statusBadge.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/ui/statusBadge.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export const StatusBadge: React.FC<StatusBadgeProps> = ({
   icon,
   size = "small",
 }) => {
-  // 根据类型获取样式
+  // Get styles based on type
   const getStyleByType = (): React.CSSProperties => {
     switch (type) {
       case "success":
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const StatusBadge: React.FC<StatusBadgeProps> = ({
     }
   };
 
-  // 根据尺寸获取大小样式
+  // Get size styles based on size
   const getSizeStyle = (): React.CSSProperties => {
     switch (size) {
       case "large":
diff --git a/frontend/const/layoutConstants.ts b/frontend/const/layoutConstants.ts
index b014c011e..b9d170330 100644
--- a/frontend/const/layoutConstants.ts
+++ b/frontend/const/layoutConstants.ts
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export const STANDARD_CARD = {
   BASE_CLASSES: "bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-md flex flex-col overflow-hidden",
   
   // Padding
-  PADDING: "16px", // 对应 p-4
+  PADDING: "16px", // Corresponds to p-4
   
   // Content area scroll configuration
   CONTENT_SCROLL: {
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ export const STANDARD_CARD = {
 // Card header configuration
 export const CARD_HEADER = {
   // Header margin
-  MARGIN_BOTTOM: "16px", // 对应 mb-4
+  MARGIN_BOTTOM: "16px", // Corresponds to mb-4
   
   // Header padding
-  PADDING: "0 8px", // 对应 px-2
+  PADDING: "0 8px", // Corresponds to px-2
   
   // Divider style
   DIVIDER_CLASSES: "h-[1px] bg-gray-200 mt-2",
diff --git a/frontend/hooks/useMemory.ts b/frontend/hooks/useMemory.ts
index 7087ad103..34e505f77 100644
--- a/frontend/hooks/useMemory.ts
+++ b/frontend/hooks/useMemory.ts
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ import { pageSize, MemoryGroup, UseMemoryOptions } from "@/types/memory"
 
 export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }: UseMemoryOptions) {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
-  /* ----------------------- 基础设置状态 ----------------------- */
+  /* ----------------------- Basic Settings State ----------------------- */
   const [memoryEnabled, setMemoryEnabledState] = useState<boolean>(true)
   const [shareOption, setShareOptionState] = useState<"always" | "ask" | "never">("always")
 
-  /* ------------------------- 原逻辑状态 ------------------------- */
-  // 分组禁用状态（仅 Agent 共享、用户 Agent 页签生效）
+  /* ------------------------- Original Logic State ------------------------- */
+  // Group disabled state (only effective for Agent shared, user Agent tabs)
   const [disabledGroups, setDisabledGroups] = useState<Record<string, boolean>>({})
 
   const disableAgentIdSet = useRef<Set<string>>(new Set())
@@ -35,28 +35,28 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
 
   const [openKey, setOpenKey] = useState<string>()
 
-  // 当前激活 Tab
+  // Currently active Tab
   const [activeTabKey, setActiveTabKey] = useState<string>("base")
 
-  // 分页状态
+  // Pagination state
   const [pageMap, setPageMap] = useState<Record<string, number>>({ agentShared: 1, userAgent: 1 })
 
-  /* ------------------------------ 数据分组 ------------------------------ */
+  /* ------------------------------ Data Groups ------------------------------ */
   const [tenantSharedGroup, setTenantSharedGroup] = useState<MemoryGroup>({ title: "", key: "tenant", items: [] })
   const [agentSharedGroups, setAgentSharedGroups] = useState<MemoryGroup[]>([])
   const [userPersonalGroup, setUserPersonalGroup] = useState<MemoryGroup>({ title: "", key: "user-personal", items: [] })
   const [userAgentGroups, setUserAgentGroups] = useState<MemoryGroup[]>([])
 
-  /* ------------------------------ 新增记忆状态 ------------------------------ */
+  /* ------------------------------ New Memory State ------------------------------ */
   const [addingMemoryKey, setAddingMemoryKey] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const [newMemoryContent, setNewMemoryContent] = useState<string>("")
   const [isAddingMemory, setIsAddingMemory] = useState<boolean>(false)
 
-  /* --------------------------- 初始化加载 --------------------------- */
+  /* --------------------------- Initialization Loading --------------------------- */
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!visible) return
 
-    // 1. 加载配置
+    // 1. Load configuration
     loadMemoryConfig().then((cfg) => {
       setMemoryEnabledState(cfg.memoryEnabled)
       setShareOptionState(cfg.shareOption)
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     })
   }, [visible, message])
 
-  /* --------------------------- 加载分组数据 --------------------------- */
+  /* --------------------------- Load Group Data --------------------------- */
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!visible || !memoryEnabled) return
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
           const agentGrps = await fetchAgentSharedGroups()
           setAgentSharedGroups(agentGrps)
 
-          // 同步禁用状态
+          // Sync disabled state
           const newDisabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
           agentGrps.forEach((g) => {
             const id = g.key.replace(/^agent-/, "")
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
           const userAgentGrps = await fetchUserAgentGroups()
           setUserAgentGroups(userAgentGrps)
 
-          // 同步禁用状态
+          // Sync disabled state
           const newDisabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
           userAgentGrps.forEach((g) => {
             const id = g.key.replace(/^user-agent-/, "")
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
         }
       } catch (e) {
         console.error("load groups error", e)
-        const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "加载记忆数据失败"
-        if (errorMessage.includes("Authentication") || errorMessage.includes("ElasticSearch") || errorMessage.includes("连接")) {
+        const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to load memory data"
+        if (errorMessage.includes("Authentication") || errorMessage.includes("ElasticSearch") || errorMessage.includes("connection")) {
           message.error(t('useMemory.memoryServiceConnectionError'))
         } else {
           message.error(t('useMemory.loadDataError'))
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     loadGroupsForActiveTab()
   }, [visible, memoryEnabled, activeTabKey, currentTenantId, currentUserId])
 
-  /* --------------------------- 工具方法 --------------------------- */
+  /* --------------------------- Utility Methods --------------------------- */
   const toggleGroup = useCallback((key: string, enabled: boolean) => {
     setDisabledGroups((prev) => ({ ...prev, [key]: !enabled }))
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     const agentId = key.split("-").slice(-1)[0]
 
     if (!enabled) {
-      // 关闭 -> 添加到禁用列表
+      // Disable -> Add to disabled list
       if (isAgentGroup) {
         addDisabledAgentId(agentId)
         disableAgentIdSet.current.add(agentId)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
         disableUserAgentIdSet.current.add(agentId)
       }
     } else {
-      // 开启 -> 从禁用列表移除
+      // Enable -> Remove from disabled list
       if (isAgentGroup) {
         removeDisabledAgentId(agentId)
         disableAgentIdSet.current.delete(agentId)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
       }
     }
 
-    // 关闭时折叠该 panel
+    // Collapse panel when disabled
     if (!enabled) {
       setOpenKey((prev) => (prev === key ? undefined : prev))
     }
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     }
   }
 
-  // 延迟工具：等待后端索引刷新后再重新拉取数据
+  // Delay utility: Wait for backend index refresh before refetching data
   const delay = (ms: number) => new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
 
-  /* ------------------------------ 新增记忆相关方法 ------------------------------ */
+  /* ------------------------------ New Memory Related Methods ------------------------------ */
   const startAddingMemory = useCallback((groupKey: string) => {
     setAddingMemoryKey(groupKey)
     setNewMemoryContent("")
-    setOpenKey(groupKey) // 确保分组展开
+    setOpenKey(groupKey) // Ensure group is expanded
   }, [])
 
   const cancelAddingMemory = useCallback(() => {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
 
     setIsAddingMemory(true)
     try {
-      // 根据当前页签和分组确定memory_level和agent_id
+      // Determine memory_level and agent_id based on current tab and group
       let memoryLevel = ""
       let agentId: string | undefined
 
@@ -222,14 +222,14 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
       }
 
       const messages = [{ role: "user", content: newMemoryContent.trim() }]
-      // 前端手动触发infer=False避免调用LLM
+      // Frontend manually triggers infer=False to avoid calling LLM
       await addMemory(messages, memoryLevel, agentId, false)
 
       await delay(600);
       message.success(t('useMemory.addMemorySuccess'))
       cancelAddingMemory()
 
-      // 重新加载当前页签数据
+      // Reload current tab data
       const loadGroupsForActiveTab = async () => {
         try {
           if (activeTabKey === "tenant") {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
       await loadGroupsForActiveTab()
     } catch (e) {
       console.error("Add memory error:", e)
-      const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "添加记忆失败"
+      const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to add memory"
       if (errorMessage.includes("Authentication") || errorMessage.includes("ElasticSearch")) {
         message.error(t('useMemory.memoryServiceConnectionError'))
       } else {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     }
   }, [addingMemoryKey, newMemoryContent, activeTabKey, currentTenantId, currentUserId])
 
-  /* ------------------------------ 清空记忆相关方法 ------------------------------ */
+  /* ------------------------------ Clear Memory Related Methods ------------------------------ */
   const handleClearMemory = useCallback(async (groupKey: string, groupTitle: string) => {
     try {
       const { memoryLevel, agentId } = _computeMemoryParams(activeTabKey, groupKey)
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
       await delay(300);
       message.success(t('useMemory.clearMemorySuccess', { groupTitle, count: result.deleted_count }))
 
-      // 重新加载当前页签数据
+      // Reload current tab data
       const loadGroupsForActiveTab = async () => {
         try {
           if (activeTabKey === "tenant") {
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
       await loadGroupsForActiveTab()
     } catch (e) {
       console.error("Clear memory error:", e)
-      const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "清空记忆失败"
+      const errorMessage = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "Failed to clear memory"
       if (errorMessage.includes("Authentication") || errorMessage.includes("ElasticSearch")) {
         message.error(t('useMemory.memoryServiceConnectionError'))
       } else {
@@ -328,14 +328,14 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     }
   }, [activeTabKey, currentTenantId, currentUserId])
 
-  /* ---------------------- Tab 切换时展开第一个分组 ---------------------- */
+  /* ---------------------- Expand first group when tab switches ---------------------- */
   useEffect(() => {
     const groups = getGroupsForTab(activeTabKey).filter((g) => !disabledGroups[g.key])
     setOpenKey(groups.length ? groups[0].key : undefined)
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, [activeTabKey, disabledGroups])
 
-  /* ----------------- 弹窗首次打开时展开当前 Tab 的首个分组 ---------------- */
+  /* ----------------- Expand first group of current tab when modal first opens ---------------- */
   useEffect(() => {
     if (visible) {
       const groups = getGroupsForTab(activeTabKey).filter((g) => !disabledGroups[g.key])
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, [visible, disabledGroups])
 
-  /* ----------------- memoryEnabled 或 shareOption 变动时处理 ---------------- */
+  /* ----------------- Handle when memoryEnabled or shareOption changes ---------------- */
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!memoryEnabled && activeTabKey !== "base") {
       setActiveTabKey("base")
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     }
   }, [shareOption])
 
-  // ----------------- 分页切换后保持 openKey 合法 -----------------
+  // ----------------- Keep openKey valid after pagination switch -----------------
   useEffect(() => {
     if (activeTabKey === "agentShared" || activeTabKey === "userAgent") {
       const groups = getGroupsForTab(activeTabKey).filter((g) => !disabledGroups[g.key])
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, [activeTabKey, pageMap])
 
-  /* ------------------- 包装后的 setter ------------------- */
+  /* ------------------- Wrapped setters ------------------- */
   const setMemoryEnabled = useCallback((enabled: boolean) => {
     setMemoryEnabledState(enabled)
     setMemorySwitch(enabled).catch((e) => {
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     userAgentGroups,
     pageSize,
     getGroupsForTab,
-    // 新增记忆相关
+    // New memory related
     addingMemoryKey,
     newMemoryContent,
     setNewMemoryContent,
@@ -476,9 +476,9 @@ export function useMemory({ visible, currentUserId, currentTenantId, message }:
     startAddingMemory,
     cancelAddingMemory,
     confirmAddingMemory,
-    // 清空记忆相关
+    // Clear memory related
     handleClearMemory,
-    // 删除记忆相关
+    // Delete memory related
     handleDeleteMemory,
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/hooks/useResponsiveTextSize.ts b/frontend/hooks/useResponsiveTextSize.ts
index ea8b839ea..705d0884f 100644
--- a/frontend/hooks/useResponsiveTextSize.ts
+++ b/frontend/hooks/useResponsiveTextSize.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useState, useRef, useEffect } from "react";
 
-// 自定义Hook - 根据文本内容动态调整字体大小
+// Custom Hook - Dynamically adjust font size based on text content
 export const useResponsiveTextSize = (text: string, containerWidth: number, maxFontSize: number = 24) => {
     const [fontSize, setFontSize] = useState(maxFontSize);
     const textRef = useRef<HTMLHeadingElement>(null);
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ export const useResponsiveTextSize = (text: string, containerWidth: number, maxF
         const element = textRef.current;
         if (!element) return;
         
-        // 从最大字体开始尝试
+        // Start trying from maximum font size
         let currentSize = maxFontSize;
         element.style.fontSize = `${currentSize}px`;
         
-        // 如果文本溢出，减小字体大小直到适合
+        // If text overflows, reduce font size until it fits
         while (element.scrollWidth > containerWidth && currentSize > 12) {
           currentSize -= 1;
           element.style.fontSize = `${currentSize}px`;
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ export const useResponsiveTextSize = (text: string, containerWidth: number, maxF
         setFontSize(currentSize);
       };
       
-      // 初始调整
+      // Initial adjustment
       adjustFontSize();
       
-      // 监听窗口大小变化
+      // Listen for window size changes
       window.addEventListener('resize', adjustFontSize);
       
       return () => {
diff --git a/frontend/lib/auth.ts b/frontend/lib/auth.ts
index 640b29fbd..ac2e487bf 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/auth.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/auth.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { fetchWithErrorHandling } from "@/services/api";
 import { STORAGE_KEYS } from "@/const/auth";
 import { Session } from "@/types/auth";
 
-// 获取用户角色对应的颜色
+// Get color corresponding to user role
 export function getRoleColor(role: string): string {
   switch (role) {
     case "admin":
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@ export function getRoleColor(role: string): string {
   }
 }
 
-// 根据邮箱生成头像
+// Generate avatar based on email
 export function generateAvatarUrl(email: string): string {
-    // 使用本地dicebear包生成头像
+    // Use local dicebear package to generate avatar
     const avatar = createAvatar(initialsStyle, {
       seed: email,
       backgroundType: ['gradientLinear']
     });
 
-    // 返回SVG数据URI
+    // Return SVG data URI
     return avatar.toDataUri();
   }
 
 /**
- * 带有授权头的请求
+ * Request with authorization headers
  */
 export const fetchWithAuth = async (url: string, options: RequestInit = {}) => {
   const session = typeof window !== "undefined" ? localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEYS.SESSION) : null;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export const fetchWithAuth = async (url: string, options: RequestInit = {}) => {
     ...options.headers,
   };
 
-  // 使用带错误处理的请求拦截器
+  // Use request interceptor with error handling
   return fetchWithErrorHandling(url, {
     ...options,
     headers,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const fetchWithAuth = async (url: string, options: RequestInit = {}) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * 保存会话到本地存储
+ * Save session to local storage
  */
 export const saveSessionToStorage = (session: Session) => {
   if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
diff --git a/frontend/lib/avatar.tsx b/frontend/lib/avatar.tsx
index 7a0390572..6b92ab7b0 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/avatar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/lib/avatar.tsx
@@ -4,30 +4,30 @@ import * as iconStyle from '@dicebear/icons';
 import type { AppConfig } from '../types/modelConfig';
 import { presetIcons } from "@/const/avatar"
 
-// 基于种子的随机数生成器
+// Seeded random number generator
 class SeededRandom {
   private seed: number;
 
   constructor(seed: string) {
-    // 将字符串转换为数字种子
+    // Convert string to numeric seed
     this.seed = Array.from(seed).reduce((acc, char) => {
       return acc + char.charCodeAt(0);
     }, 0);
   }
 
-  // 生成0到1之间的随机数
+  // Generate random number between 0 and 1
   random(): number {
     const x = Math.sin(this.seed++) * 10000;
     return x - Math.floor(x);
   }
 
-  // 生成指定范围内的随机整数
+  // Generate random integer within specified range
   randomInt(min: number, max: number): number {
     return Math.floor(this.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
   }
 }
 
-// 直接生成头像 URI 并返回
+// Directly generate avatar URI and return
 export const generateAvatarUri = (icon: string, color: string, size: number = 30, scale: number = 80): string => {
   const selectedIcon = presetIcons.find(preset => preset.key === icon) || presetIcons[0];
   const mainColor = color.replace("#", "");
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ export const getAvatarUrl = (config: AppConfig, size: number = 30, scale: number
     // Return custom image URL
     return config.customIconUrl;
   } else if (config.avatarUri) {
-    // 如果存在预生成的 URI，直接返回
+    // If pre-generated URI exists, return directly
     return config.avatarUri;
   } else {
-    // 默认返回第一个预设图标
+    // Default return first preset icon
     const defaultIcon = presetIcons[0];
     const mainColor = "2689cb";
     const secondaryColor = generateComplementaryColor(mainColor);
@@ -75,39 +75,39 @@ export const getAvatarUrl = (config: AppConfig, size: number = 30, scale: number
 };
 
 /**
- * 根据主色生成随机的配色
- * @param mainColor 主色（十六进制颜色值，可带可不带#前缀）
- * @returns 生成的副色（十六进制颜色值，不带#前缀）
+ * Generate random complementary color based on main color
+ * @param mainColor Main color (hex color value, with or without # prefix)
+ * @returns Generated secondary color (hex color value, without # prefix)
  */
 export const generateComplementaryColor = (mainColor: string): string => {
-  // 移除可能存在的#前缀
+  // Remove possible # prefix
   const colorHex = mainColor.replace('#', '');
   
-  // 将十六进制颜色转换为RGB
+  // Convert hex color to RGB
   const r = parseInt(colorHex.substring(0, 2), 16);
   const g = parseInt(colorHex.substring(2, 4), 16);
   const b = parseInt(colorHex.substring(4, 6), 16);
   
-  // 使用颜色值作为随机数种子
+  // Use color value as random number seed
   const random = new SeededRandom(colorHex);
   
-  // 生成随机变化方向（几种常见的变化模式）
+  // Generate random variation direction (several common variation patterns)
   const variation = random.randomInt(0, 3);
   
   let newR = r, newG = g, newB = b;
   
   switch(variation) {
-    case 0: // 调暗 - 生成更深的颜色
+    case 0: // Darken - generate darker color
       newR = Math.max(0, r - 40 - random.randomInt(0, 30));
       newG = Math.max(0, g - 40 - random.randomInt(0, 30));
       newB = Math.max(0, b - 40 - random.randomInt(0, 30));
       break;
-    case 1: // 调亮 - 生成更亮的颜色
+    case 1: // Brighten - generate brighter color
       newR = Math.min(255, r + 40 + random.randomInt(0, 30));
       newG = Math.min(255, g + 40 + random.randomInt(0, 30));
       newB = Math.min(255, b + 40 + random.randomInt(0, 30));
       break;
-    case 2: // 相似色 - 微调RGB中的一个或两个通道
+    case 2: // Similar color - fine-tune one or two RGB channels
       const channel = random.randomInt(0, 2);
       if (channel === 0) {
         newR = Math.min(255, Math.max(0, r + random.randomInt(0, 120) - 60));
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ export const generateComplementaryColor = (mainColor: string): string => {
         newB = Math.min(255, Math.max(0, b + random.randomInt(0, 120) - 60));
       }
       break;
-    case 3: // HSL调整 - 转HSL后调整色相
+    case 3: // HSL adjustment - convert to HSL then adjust hue
       const [h, s, l] = rgbToHsl(r, g, b);
-      const newH = (h + 0.05 + random.random() * 0.2) % 1; // 调整色相±30-90度
+      const newH = (h + 0.05 + random.random() * 0.2) % 1; // Adjust hue ±30-90 degrees
       const [adjR, adjG, adjB] = hslToRgb(newH, s, l);
       newR = adjR;
       newG = adjG;
@@ -127,16 +127,16 @@ export const generateComplementaryColor = (mainColor: string): string => {
       break;
   }
   
-  // 确保RGB值在有效范围内
+  // Ensure RGB values are within valid range
   newR = Math.min(255, Math.max(0, Math.round(newR)));
   newG = Math.min(255, Math.max(0, Math.round(newG)));
   newB = Math.min(255, Math.max(0, Math.round(newB)));
   
-  // 转回十六进制
+  // Convert back to hexadecimal
   return ((1 << 24) + (newR << 16) + (newG << 8) + newB).toString(16).slice(1);
 }
 
-// 辅助函数: RGB转HSL
+// Helper function: RGB to HSL
 function rgbToHsl(r: number, g: number, b: number): [number, number, number] {
   r /= 255;
   g /= 255;
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ function rgbToHsl(r: number, g: number, b: number): [number, number, number] {
   return [h, s, l];
 }
 
-// 辅助函数: HSL转RGB
+// Helper function: HSL to RGB
 function hslToRgb(h: number, s: number, l: number): [number, number, number] {
   let r, g, b;
   
   if (s === 0) {
-    r = g = b = l; // 灰色
+    r = g = b = l; // Gray
   } else {
     const hue2rgb = (p: number, q: number, t: number) => {
       if (t < 0) t += 1;
@@ -190,39 +190,39 @@ function hslToRgb(h: number, s: number, l: number): [number, number, number] {
 }
 
 /**
- * 从Dicebear生成的Data URI中提取主色和次色，预留给app名称使用
- * @param dataUri Dicebear生成的头像data URI
- * @returns 包含mainColor和secondaryColor的对象，颜色值不含#前缀
+ * Extract main and secondary colors from Dicebear generated Data URI, reserved for app name use
+ * @param dataUri Dicebear generated avatar data URI
+ * @returns Object containing mainColor and secondaryColor, color values without # prefix
  */
 export const extractColorsFromUri = (dataUri: string): { mainColor: string | null, secondaryColor: string | null } =>  {
-  // 默认返回值
+  // Default return value
   const result = { 
     mainColor: "", 
     secondaryColor: "" 
   };
   
   try {
-    // 检查是否是Data URI
+    // Check if it's a Data URI
     if (!dataUri || !dataUri.startsWith('data:')) {
       return result;
     }
     
-    // 提取Base64或URL编码的内容
+    // Extract Base64 or URL encoded content
     let svgContent = '';
     if (dataUri.includes('base64')) {
-      // 处理Base64编码
+      // Handle Base64 encoding
       const base64Content = dataUri.split(',')[1];
-      svgContent = atob(base64Content); // 解码Base64
+      svgContent = atob(base64Content); // Decode Base64
     } else {
-      // 处理URL编码
+      // Handle URL encoding
       const uriContent = dataUri.split(',')[1];
       svgContent = decodeURIComponent(uriContent);
     }
     
-    // 查找线性渐变定义
+    // Find linear gradient definition
     const gradientMatch = svgContent.match(/<linearGradient[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/linearGradient>/);
     if (!gradientMatch) {
-      // 如果没有渐变，查找背景填充色
+      // If no gradient, find background fill color
       const fillMatch = svgContent.match(/fill="(#[0-9a-fA-F]{6})"/);
       if (fillMatch && fillMatch[1]) {
         result.mainColor = fillMatch[1].replace('#', '');
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ export const extractColorsFromUri = (dataUri: string): { mainColor: string | nul
       return result;
     }
     
-    // 提取渐变中的颜色
+    // Extract colors from gradient
     const stopMatches = svgContent.matchAll(/<stop[^>]*stop-color="(#[0-9a-fA-F]{6})"[^>]*>/g);
     const colors: string[] = [];
     
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ export const extractColorsFromUri = (dataUri: string): { mainColor: string | nul
       }
     }
     
-    // 通常第一个是主色，第二个是次色
+    // Usually first is main color, second is secondary color
     if (colors.length >= 1) {
       result.mainColor = colors[0];
     }
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ export const extractColorsFromUri = (dataUri: string): { mainColor: string | nul
     }
     
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error('提取颜色时出错:', error);
+    console.error('Error extracting colors:', error);
   }
   
   return result;
diff --git a/frontend/lib/config.ts b/frontend/lib/config.ts
index e1fb1859c..0bc22f7dd 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/config.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/config.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     }
   }
 
-  // 深度合并配置
+  // Deep merge configuration
   private deepMerge<T>(target: T, source: Partial<T>): T {
     if (!source) return target;
     
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     return result;
   }
 
-  // 从存储加载配置
+  // Load configuration from storage
   private loadFromStorage(): GlobalConfig {
     try {
       // Check if we're in browser environment
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     }
   }
 
-  // 保存配置到存储
+  // Save configuration to storage
   private saveToStorage(): void {
     try {
       if (typeof window === 'undefined' || !this.config) return;
@@ -124,53 +124,53 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     }
   }
 
-  // 确保配置已初始化
+  // Ensure configuration is initialized
   private ensureConfig(): void {
     if (!this.config) {
       this.initializeConfig();
     }
   }
 
-  // 获取完整配置
+  // Get complete configuration
   getConfig(): GlobalConfig {
     this.ensureConfig();
     return this.config!;
   }
 
-  // 更新完整配置
+  // Update complete configuration
   updateConfig(partial: Partial<GlobalConfig>): void {
     this.ensureConfig();
     this.config = this.deepMerge(this.config!, partial);
     this.saveToStorage();
   }
 
-  // 获取应用配置
+  // Get application configuration
   getAppConfig(): AppConfig {
     this.ensureConfig();
     return this.config!.app;
   }
 
-  // 更新应用配置
+  // Update application configuration
   updateAppConfig(partial: Partial<AppConfig>): void {
     this.ensureConfig();
     this.config!.app = this.deepMerge(this.config!.app, partial);
     this.saveToStorage();
   }
 
-  // 获取模型配置
+  // Get model configuration
   getModelConfig(): ModelConfig {
     this.ensureConfig();
     return this.config!.models;
   }
 
-  // 更新模型配置
+  // Update model configuration
   updateModelConfig(partial: Partial<ModelConfig>): void {
     this.ensureConfig();
     this.config!.models = this.deepMerge(this.config!.models, partial);
     this.saveToStorage();
   }
 
-  // 清除所有配置
+  // Clear all configuration
   clearConfig(): void {
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
       localStorage.removeItem(APP_CONFIG_KEY);
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     this.config = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(defaultConfig));
   }
 
-  // 新增：后端配置转前端localStorage结构
+  // New: Backend configuration to frontend localStorage structure
   static transformBackend2Frontend(backendConfig: any): GlobalConfig {
-    // 适配 app 字段
+    // Adapt app field
     const app = backendConfig.app
       ? {
           appName: backendConfig.app.name || "",
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
           avatarUri: null
         };
 
-    // 适配 models 字段
+    // Adapt models field
     const models = backendConfig.models ? {
       llm: {
         modelName: backendConfig.models.llm?.name || "",
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
     } as GlobalConfig;
   }
 
-  // 新增：从localStorage重新加载配置并触发configChanged事件
+  // New: Reload configuration from localStorage and trigger configChanged event
   reloadFromStorage(): void {
     this.config = this.loadFromStorage();
     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
@@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ class ConfigStoreClass {
 }
 
 // TODO: Why not use just one singleton pattern?
-// 导出类作为 ConfigStore
+// Export class as ConfigStore
 export const ConfigStore = ConfigStoreClass;
 
-// 导出单例
+// Export singleton
 export const configStore = ConfigStoreClass.getInstance(); 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/services/agentConfigService.ts b/frontend/services/agentConfigService.ts
index 0e11ca88e..c8e3cc6b0 100644
--- a/frontend/services/agentConfigService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/agentConfigService.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const fetchTools = async () => {
       headers: getAuthHeaders(),
     });
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
     const data = await response.json();
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const fetchTools = async () => {
       source: tool.source,
       is_available: tool.is_available,
       create_time: tool.create_time,
-      usage: tool.usage, // 新增：处理usage字段
+      usage: tool.usage, // New: handle usage field
       initParams: tool.params.map((param: any) => {
         return {
           name: param.name,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export const fetchTools = async () => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("获取工具列表出错:", error);
+    console.error("Error fetching tool list:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: [],
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export const fetchAgentList = async () => {
       headers: getAuthHeaders(),
     });
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
     const data = await response.json();
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export const fetchAgentList = async () => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("获取 agent 列表失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to fetch agent list:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: [],
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export const getCreatingSubAgentId = async () => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export const getCreatingSubAgentId = async () => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("获取创建子代理ID失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to get creating sub agent ID:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
@@ -163,21 +163,21 @@ export const updateToolConfig = async (
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
     return {
       success: true,
       data: data,
-      message: "工具配置更新成功",
+      message: "Tool configuration updated successfully",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("更新工具配置失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to update tool configuration:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "更新工具配置失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to update tool configuration, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ export const searchToolConfig = async (toolId: number, agentId: number) => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
@@ -213,24 +213,24 @@ export const searchToolConfig = async (toolId: number, agentId: number) => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("搜索工具配置失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to search tool configuration:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "搜索工具配置失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to search tool configuration, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
 
 /**
- * 更新 Agent 信息
+ * Update Agent information
  * @param agentId agent id
- * @param name agent 名称
- * @param description agent 描述
- * @param modelName 模型名称
- * @param maxSteps 最大步骤数
- * @param provideRunSummary 是否提供运行摘要
- * @returns 更新结果
+ * @param name agent name
+ * @param description agent description
+ * @param modelName model name
+ * @param maxSteps maximum steps
+ * @param provideRunSummary whether to provide run summary
+ * @returns update result
  */
 export const updateAgent = async (
   agentId: number,
@@ -267,29 +267,29 @@ export const updateAgent = async (
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
     return {
       success: true,
       data: data,
-      message: "Agent 更新成功",
+      message: "Agent updated successfully",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("更新 Agent 失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to update Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "更新 Agent 失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to update Agent, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
 
 /**
- * 删除 Agent
+ * Delete Agent
  * @param agentId agent id
- * @returns 删除结果
+ * @returns delete result
  */
 export const deleteAgent = async (agentId: number) => {
   try {
@@ -300,18 +300,18 @@ export const deleteAgent = async (agentId: number) => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     return {
       success: true,
-      message: "Agent 删除成功",
+      message: "Agent deleted successfully",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("删除 Agent 失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to delete Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
-      message: "删除 Agent 失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to delete Agent, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ export const exportAgent = async (agentId: number) => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
@@ -345,15 +345,15 @@ export const exportAgent = async (agentId: number) => {
       return {
         success: false,
         data: null,
-        message: data.message || "导出失败",
+        message: data.message || "Export failed",
       };
     }
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("导出 Agent 失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to export Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "导出失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Export failed, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
@@ -375,21 +375,21 @@ export const importAgent = async (agentInfo: any) => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
     return {
       success: true,
       data: data,
-      message: "Agent 导入成功",
+      message: "Agent imported successfully",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("导入 Agent 失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to import Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "导入 Agent 失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to import Agent, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ export const searchAgentInfo = async (agentId: number) => {
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ export const searchAgentInfo = async (agentId: number) => {
       provide_run_summary: data.provide_run_summary,
       enabled: data.enabled,
       is_available: data.is_available,
-      sub_agent_id_list: data.sub_agent_id_list || [], // 添加sub_agent_id_list
+      sub_agent_id_list: data.sub_agent_id_list || [], // Add sub_agent_id_list
       tools: data.tools
         ? data.tools.map((tool: any) => {
             const params =
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ export const searchAgentInfo = async (agentId: number) => {
               description: tool.description,
               source: tool.source,
               is_available: tool.is_available,
-              usage: tool.usage, // 新增：处理usage字段
+              usage: tool.usage, // New: handle usage field
               initParams: Array.isArray(params)
                 ? params.map((param: any) => ({
                     name: param.name,
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ export const searchAgentInfo = async (agentId: number) => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("获取Agent详情失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to get Agent details:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ export const fetchAllAgents = async () => {
       headers: getAuthHeaders(),
     });
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
     const data = await response.json();
 
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ export const fetchAllAgents = async () => {
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("获取所有Agent列表失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to get all Agent list:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: [],
@@ -535,12 +535,12 @@ export const addRelatedAgent = async (
       return {
         success: true,
         data: data,
-        message: data[0] || "添加关联Agent成功",
+        message: data[0] || "Successfully added related Agent",
         status: response.status,
       };
     } else {
       const errorMessage =
-        data.detail || data[0] || `添加关联Agent失败: ${response.statusText}`;
+        data.detail || data[0] || `Failed to add related Agent: ${response.statusText}`;
       return {
         success: false,
         data: null,
@@ -549,11 +549,11 @@ export const addRelatedAgent = async (
       };
     }
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("添加关联Agent失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to add related Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "添加关联Agent失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to add related Agent, please try again later",
       status: 500, // or a custom error code
     };
   }
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ export const deleteRelatedAgent = async (
     });
 
     if (!response.ok) {
-      throw new Error(`请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new Error(`Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
@@ -591,11 +591,11 @@ export const deleteRelatedAgent = async (
       message: "",
     };
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error("删除关联Agent失败:", error);
+    console.error("Failed to delete related Agent:", error);
     return {
       success: false,
       data: null,
-      message: "删除关联Agent失败，请稍后重试",
+      message: "Failed to delete related Agent, please try again later",
     };
   }
 };
diff --git a/frontend/services/api.ts b/frontend/services/api.ts
index 562741651..0b135c4ba 100644
--- a/frontend/services/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/api.ts
@@ -145,79 +145,79 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
-// API请求拦截器
+// API request interceptor
 export const fetchWithErrorHandling = async (url: string, options: RequestInit = {}) => {
   try {
     const response = await fetch(url, options);
 
-    // 处理HTTP错误
+    // Handle HTTP errors
     if (!response.ok) {
-      // 检查是否为会话过期错误 (401)
+      // Check if it's a session expired error (401)
       if (response.status === 401) {
         handleSessionExpired();
-        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "登录已过期，请重新登录");
+        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "Login expired, please login again");
       }
 
-      // 处理自定义499错误码 (客户端关闭连接)
+      // Handle custom 499 error code (client closed connection)
       if (response.status === 499) {
         handleSessionExpired();
-        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "连接已断开，会话可能已过期");
+        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "Connection disconnected, session may have expired");
       }
 
-      // 其他HTTP错误
+      // Other HTTP errors
       const errorText = await response.text();
-      throw new ApiError(response.status, errorText || `请求失败: ${response.status}`);
+      throw new ApiError(response.status, errorText || `Request failed: ${response.status}`);
     }
 
     return response;
   } catch (error) {
-    // 处理网络错误
+    // Handle network errors
     if (error instanceof TypeError && error.message.includes('NetworkError')) {
-      console.error('网络错误:', error);
-      throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.SERVER_ERROR, "网络连接错误，请检查网络连接");
+      console.error('Network error:', error);
+      throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.SERVER_ERROR, "Network connection error, please check your network connection");
     }
 
-    // 处理连接重置错误
+    // Handle connection reset errors
     if (error instanceof TypeError && error.message.includes('Failed to fetch')) {
-      console.error('连接错误:', error);
+      console.error('Connection error:', error);
 
-      // 对于用户管理相关的请求，可能是登录过期
+      // For user management related requests, it might be login expiration
       if (url.includes('/user/session') || url.includes('/user/current_user_id')) {
         handleSessionExpired();
-        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "连接已断开，会话可能已过期");
+        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.TOKEN_EXPIRED, "Connection disconnected, session may have expired");
       } else {
-        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.SERVER_ERROR, "服务器连接错误，请稍后重试");
+        throw new ApiError(STATUS_CODES.SERVER_ERROR, "Server connection error, please try again later");
       }
     }
 
-    // 重新抛出其他错误
+    // Re-throw other errors
     throw error;
   }
 };
 
-// 处理会话过期的方法
+// Method to handle session expiration
 function handleSessionExpired() {
-  // 防止重复触发
+  // Prevent duplicate triggers
   if (window.__isHandlingSessionExpired) {
     return;
   }
 
-  // 标记正在处理中
+  // Mark as processing
   window.__isHandlingSessionExpired = true;
 
-  // 清除本地存储的会话信息
+  // Clear locally stored session information
   if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
     localStorage.removeItem("session");
 
-    // 使用自定义事件通知应用中的其他组件（如SessionExpiredListener）
+    // Use custom events to notify other components in the app (such as SessionExpiredListener)
     if (window.dispatchEvent) {
-      // 确保使用与EVENTS.SESSION_EXPIRED常量一致的事件名
+      // Ensure using event name consistent with EVENTS.SESSION_EXPIRED constant
       window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('session-expired', {
-        detail: { message: "登录已过期，请重新登录" }
+        detail: { message: "Login expired, please login again" }
       }));
     }
 
-    // 300ms后重置标记，允许将来再次触发
+    // Reset flag after 300ms to allow future triggers
     setTimeout(() => {
       window.__isHandlingSessionExpired = false;
     }, 300);
diff --git a/frontend/services/authService.ts b/frontend/services/authService.ts
index 60b6f3ed1..38c8d61d2 100644
--- a/frontend/services/authService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/authService.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * 认证服务
+ * Authentication service
  */
 import { USER_ROLES } from "@/const/modelConfig";
 import { API_ENDPOINTS } from "@/services/api";
diff --git a/frontend/services/configService.ts b/frontend/services/configService.ts
index 054b2e818..f32b7f905 100644
--- a/frontend/services/configService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/configService.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class ConfigService {
 
       if (!response.ok) {
         const errorData = await response.json();
-        console.error('保存配置失败:', errorData);
+        console.error('Failed to save configuration:', errorData);
         return false;
       }
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export class ConfigService {
       const result = await response.json();
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error('保存配置请求异常:', error);
+      console.error('Save configuration request exception:', error);
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export class ConfigService {
       });
       if (!response.ok) {
         const errorData = await response.json();
-        console.error('加载配置失败:', errorData);
+        console.error('Failed to load configuration:', errorData);
         return false;
       }
       const result = await response.json();
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ export class ConfigService {
           localStorage.setItem('model', JSON.stringify(frontendConfig.models));
         }
         
-        // 触发配置重新加载并派发事件
+        // Trigger configuration reload and dispatch event
         if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
           const configStore = ConfigStore.getInstance();
           configStore.reloadFromStorage();
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export class ConfigService {
       }
       return false;
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error('加载配置请求异常:', error);
+      console.error('Load configuration request exception:', error);
       return false;
     }
   }
diff --git a/frontend/services/knowledgeBaseService.ts b/frontend/services/knowledgeBaseService.ts
index aa87cded5..7113d2dab 100644
--- a/frontend/services/knowledgeBaseService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/knowledgeBaseService.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
   // Check Elasticsearch health (force refresh, no caching for setup page)
   async checkHealth(): Promise<boolean> {
     try {
-      // 在 setup 页面中强制刷新，不使用缓存
+      // Force refresh in setup page, no caching
       const response = await fetch(API_ENDPOINTS.knowledgeBase.health, {
         headers: getAuthHeaders()
       });
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
       
       const isHealthy = data.status === "healthy" && data.elasticsearch === "connected";
       
-      // 不再更新缓存，每次都获取最新状态
+      // No longer update cache, get latest status every time
       
       return isHealthy;
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("Elasticsearch健康检查失败:", error);
-      // 不再缓存错误状态
+      console.error("Elasticsearch health check failed:", error);
+      // No longer cache error status
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
       });
 
       const result = await response.json();
-      // 修改判断逻辑，后端返回status字段而不是success字段
+      // Modify judgment logic, backend returns status field instead of success field
       if (result.status !== "success") {
-        throw new Error(result.message || "创建知识库失败");
+        throw new Error(result.message || "Failed to create knowledge base");
       }
 
       // Create a full KnowledgeBase object with default values
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
         throw new Error('Response body is null');
       }
 
-      // 处理流式响应
+      // Handle streaming response
       const reader = response.body.getReader();
       const decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8');
       let summary = '';
@@ -387,23 +387,23 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
         const { done, value } = await reader.read();
         if (done) break;
         
-        // 解码二进制数据为文本
+        // Decode binary data to text
         const chunk = decoder.decode(value, { stream: true });
         
-        // 处理SSE格式的数据
+        // Handle SSE format data
         const lines = chunk.split('\n\n');
         for (const line of lines) {
           if (line.trim().startsWith('data:')) {
             try {
-              // 提取JSON数据
+              // Extract JSON data
               const jsonStr = line.substring(line.indexOf('{'));
               const data = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
               
               if (data.status === 'success') {
-                // 累加消息部分到摘要
+                // Accumulate message part to summary
                 summary += data.message;
                 
-                // 如果提供了进度回调，则调用它
+                // If progress callback is provided, call it
                 if (onProgress) {
                   onProgress(data.message);
                 }
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class KnowledgeBaseService {
                 throw new Error(data.message);
               }
             } catch (e) {
-              console.error('解析SSE数据失败:', e, line);
+              console.error('Failed to parse SSE data:', e, line);
             }
           }
         }
diff --git a/frontend/services/mcpService.ts b/frontend/services/mcpService.ts
index 050a4ac53..bb331eea8 100644
--- a/frontend/services/mcpService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/mcpService.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const getAuthHeaders = () => {
 };
 
 /**
- * 获取MCP服务器列表
+ * Get MCP server list
  */
 export const getMcpServerList = async () => {
   try {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const getMcpServerList = async () => {
     
     if (response.ok && data.status === 'success') {
       
-      // 转换后端字段名称为前端期望的格式
+      // Convert backend field names to frontend expected format
       const formattedData = (data.remote_mcp_server_list || []).map((server: any) => {
         return {
           service_name: server.remote_mcp_server_name,
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const getMcpServerList = async () => {
         message: ''
       };
     } else {
-      // 根据HTTP状态码处理具体的错误信息
+      // Handle specific error information based on HTTP status code
       let errorMessage = data.message || t('mcpService.message.getServerListFailed');
       
       switch (response.status) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export const getMcpServerList = async () => {
 };
 
 /**
- * 添加MCP服务器
+ * Add MCP server
  */
 export const addMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
   try {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const addMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
         message: data.message || t('mcpService.message.addServerSuccess')
       };
     } else {
-      // 处理具体的错误状态码和错误信息
+      // Handle specific error status codes and error information
       let errorMessage = data.message || t('mcpService.message.addServerFailed');
       
       if (response.status === 409) {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export const addMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * 删除MCP服务器
+ * Delete MCP server
  */
 export const deleteMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
   try {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export const deleteMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
         message: data.message || t('mcpService.message.deleteServerSuccess')
       };
     } else {
-      // 根据HTTP状态码处理具体的错误信息
+      // Handle specific error information based on HTTP status code
       let errorMessage = data.message || t('mcpService.message.deleteServerFailed');
       
       switch (response.status) {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ export const deleteMcpServer = async (mcpUrl: string, serviceName: string) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * 获取远程MCP服务器的工具列表
+ * Get tool list from remote MCP server
  */
 export const getMcpTools = async (serviceName: string, mcpUrl: string) => {
   try {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ export const getMcpTools = async (serviceName: string, mcpUrl: string) => {
         message: ''
       };
     } else {
-      // 根据HTTP状态码处理具体的错误信息
+      // Handle specific error information based on HTTP status code
       let errorMessage = data.message || t('mcpService.message.getToolsFailed');
       
       switch (response.status) {
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ export const updateToolList = async () => {
         message: data.message || t('mcpService.message.updateToolListSuccess')
       };
     } else {
-      // 根据HTTP状态码处理具体的错误信息
+      // Handle specific error information based on HTTP status code
       let errorMessage = data.message || t('mcpService.message.updateToolListFailed');
       
       switch (response.status) {
diff --git a/frontend/services/memoryService.ts b/frontend/services/memoryService.ts
index 164fcf813..ea15eb971 100644
--- a/frontend/services/memoryService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/memoryService.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function getFriendlyErrorMessage(raw: string): string {
     // ignore JSON parse errors
   }
 
-  // 关键字映射到用户友好的中文提示
+  // Keyword mapping to user-friendly Chinese prompts
   if (/AuthenticationException/i.test(msg)) {
     return "ElasticSearch数据库鉴权失败"
   } else if (/ConnectionTimeout/i.test(msg)) {
@@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ export async function fetchTenantSharedGroup(): Promise<MemoryGroup> {
 }
 
 export async function fetchAgentSharedGroups(): Promise<MemoryGroup[]> {
-  // 并行请求：记忆列表 + 全量 Agent 清单
+  // Parallel requests: memory list + full Agent list
   const [{ items }, agentsRes] = await Promise.all([
     listMemories("agent"),
     fetchAllAgents(),
   ])
 
-  // 先把有记忆的结果按照 agent_id 分组
+  // First group results with memories by agent_id
   const groupMap: Record<string, MemoryItem[]> = {}
   items.forEach((item) => {
     if (!item.agent_id) return
@@ -229,12 +229,12 @@ export async function fetchAgentSharedGroups(): Promise<MemoryGroup[]> {
     groupMap[item.agent_id].push(item)
   })
 
-  // 后续需要补全“无记忆”的 Agent 分组
+  // Need to complete "no memory" Agent groups later
   const agentList: Array<{ agent_id: string; name?: string; display_name?: string }> = (agentsRes as any)?.success ? (agentsRes as any).data : []
 
   const groups: MemoryGroup[] = []
 
-  // 按照 Agent 清单顺序构建分组，保证完整性
+  // Build groups in Agent list order to ensure completeness
   agentList.forEach((agent) => {
     const agentId = agent.agent_id
     const list = groupMap[agentId] || []
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ export async function fetchAgentSharedGroups(): Promise<MemoryGroup[]> {
     })
   })
 
-  // 若依然没有任何 Agent 信息，则返回占位分组
+  // If still no Agent information, return placeholder group
   if (groups.length === 0) {
     return [
       {
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ export async function fetchUserPersonalGroup(): Promise<MemoryGroup> {
 }
 
 export async function fetchUserAgentGroups(): Promise<MemoryGroup[]> {
-  // 并行请求：用户记忆 + 全量 Agent 清单
+  // Parallel requests: user memory + full Agent list
   const [{ items }, agentsRes] = await Promise.all([
     listMemories("user_agent"),
     fetchAllAgents(),
diff --git a/frontend/services/modelEngineService.ts b/frontend/services/modelEngineService.ts
index 8bb314359..f29936027 100644
--- a/frontend/services/modelEngineService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/modelEngineService.ts
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ const modelEngineService = {
             status = CONNECTION_STATUS.ERROR
           }
         } catch (parseError) {
-          // JSON parsing failed,视为连接失败
-          console.error("响应数据解析失败:", parseError)
+          // JSON parsing failed, treat as connection failure
+          console.error("Response data parsing failed:", parseError)
           status = CONNECTION_STATUS.ERROR
         }
       } else {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ const modelEngineService = {
         lastChecked: new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
       }
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("检查ModelEngine连接状态失败:", error)
+      console.error("Failed to check ModelEngine connection status:", error)
       return {
         status: CONNECTION_STATUS.ERROR,
         lastChecked: new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
diff --git a/frontend/services/uploadService.ts b/frontend/services/uploadService.ts
index 5c69c75df..5ea4e8dfa 100644
--- a/frontend/services/uploadService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/uploadService.ts
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ import { AbortableError } from '../types/knowledgeBase';
 
 import '../app/[locale]/i18n';
 
-// 新的检查知识库名称状态的方法
+// New method to check knowledge base name status
 export const checkKnowledgeBaseName = async (
   knowledgeBaseName: string,
   t: TFunction
 ): Promise<{status: string, action?: string}> => {
   try {
-    // 调用新的service方法
+    // Call new service method
     return await knowledgeBaseService.checkKnowledgeBaseName(knowledgeBaseName);
   } catch (error) {
     console.error(t('knowledgeBase.check.nameError'), error);
-    // 返回一个表示检查失败的状态
+    // Return a status indicating check failure
     return { status: NAME_CHECK_STATUS.CHECK_FAILED };
   }
 };
 
 
-// 获取知识库文档信息
+// Get knowledge base document information
 export const fetchKnowledgeBaseInfo = async (
   indexName: string, 
   abortController: AbortController, 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export const fetchKnowledgeBaseInfo = async (
   }
 };
 
-// 文件类型验证
+// File type validation
 export const validateFileType = (file: File, t: TFunction, message: any): boolean => {
   const validTypes = [
     'application/pdf',
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ export const validateFileType = (file: File, t: TFunction, message: any): boolea
     'application/csv'
   ];
 
-  // 先判断 MIME type
+  // First check MIME type
   let isValidType = validTypes.includes(file.type);
 
-  // 如果 MIME type 为空或不在列表里，再根据文件名后缀判断
+  // If MIME type is empty or not in the list, check by file extension
   if (!isValidType) {
     const name = file.name.toLowerCase();
     if (
diff --git a/frontend/services/userConfigService.ts b/frontend/services/userConfigService.ts
index 2d20f3f87..eb49cdc4b 100644
--- a/frontend/services/userConfigService.ts
+++ b/frontend/services/userConfigService.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { fetchWithAuth, getAuthHeaders } from '@/lib/auth';
 const fetch = fetchWithAuth;
 
 export class UserConfigService {
-  // 获取用户选中的知识库列表
+  // Get user selected knowledge base list
   async loadKnowledgeList(): Promise<UserKnowledgeConfig | null> {
     try {
       const response = await fetch(API_ENDPOINTS.tenantConfig.loadKnowledgeList, {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export class UserConfigService {
     }
   }
 
-  // 更新用户选中的知识库列表
+  // Update user selected knowledge base list
   async updateKnowledgeList(knowledgeList: string[]): Promise<boolean> {
     try {
       const response = await fetch(API_ENDPOINTS.tenantConfig.updateKnowledgeList, {
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ export class UserConfigService {
   }
 }
 
-// 导出单例实例
+// Export singleton instance
 export const userConfigService = new UserConfigService(); 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/styles/globals.css b/frontend/styles/globals.css
index 1b8a8aa7a..f644119a2 100644
--- a/frontend/styles/globals.css
+++ b/frontend/styles/globals.css
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
   scrollbar-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) transparent;
 }
 
-/* Tool Pool Tabs 滚动修复 */
+/* Tool Pool Tabs scroll fix */
 .tool-pool-tabs .ant-tabs-content-holder {
   overflow: hidden;
   height: 100%;
@@ -153,13 +153,13 @@
   overflow: hidden;
 }
 
-/* 确保工具池tabs内容区域可以滚动 */
+/* Ensure tool pool tabs content area can scroll */
 .tool-pool-tabs .ant-tabs-content-holder .ant-tabs-content .ant-tabs-tabpane > div {
   height: 100%;
   max-height: 100%;
 }
 
-/* 调整tabs内容区域的左右内边距 - 使用更强的选择器 */
+/* Adjust tabs content area left and right padding - use stronger selector */
 .tool-pool-tabs.ant-tabs.ant-tabs-left > .ant-tabs-content-holder {
   padding-left: 12px !important;
   padding-right: 9px !important;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
   padding-left: 0 !important;
 }
 
-/* 缩短标签的内外边距，使标签更紧凑 */
+/* Reduce tab inner and outer margins to make tabs more compact */
 .tool-pool-tabs .ant-tabs-tab {
   padding: 12px 6px !important;
   margin: 4px 2px !important;
diff --git a/frontend/styles/milkdown-nord.css b/frontend/styles/milkdown-nord.css
index c75833de6..a501853ae 100644
--- a/frontend/styles/milkdown-nord.css
+++ b/frontend/styles/milkdown-nord.css
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@
   white-space: pre-wrap;
   outline: none;
   padding: 0.75rem;
-  height: 100%; /* 填满父容器 */
-  overflow-y: auto; /* 支持垂直滚动 */
+  height: 100%; /* Fill parent container */
+  overflow-y: auto; /* Support vertical scrolling */
 }
 
 /* Focus and Selection Styles */
diff --git a/frontend/types/agentConfig.ts b/frontend/types/agentConfig.ts
index 0c8a0b1ad..4c31bfa7d 100644
--- a/frontend/types/agentConfig.ts
+++ b/frontend/types/agentConfig.ts
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export interface ToolGroup {
   tools: Tool[];
 }
 
-// 树形结构节点类型
+// Tree structure node type
 export interface TreeNodeDatum {
   name: string;
   type?: string;
diff --git a/frontend/types/auth.ts b/frontend/types/auth.ts
index 4cc381cb5..5e5808b9f 100644
--- a/frontend/types/auth.ts
+++ b/frontend/types/auth.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export interface ErrorResponse {
   data?: any;
 }
 
+// Authorization context type
 // Auth form values interface
 export interface AuthFormValues {
   email: string;