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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/en/docs/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/annotation.md
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An annotation is an element that can be used to put comments to a flow.
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In the example below, you use a **Show message** activity to warn end-users about unpaid orders with a pop-up message in the client. Later you want to extend this warning with an email message send to the user. You can use an annotation as a reminder and put it above the current activity.
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In the example below, you use a **Show message** activity to warn end-users about unpaid orders with a pop-up message in the client. Later you want to extend this warning with an email message sent to the user. You can use an annotation as a reminder and put it above the current activity.
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## Introduction
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Microflows allow you to express the logic of your application. A microflow can perform actions such as creating and updating objects, showing pages and making choices. It is a visual way of expressing what traditionally ends up in textual program code.
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Microflows allow you to express the logic of your application. A microflow can perform actions such as creating and updating objects, showing pages, and making choices. It is a visual way of expressing what traditionally ends up in textual program code.
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Microflows run in the runtime server and can therefore not be used in offline apps. For application logic within offline apps, see [Nanoflows](/refguide/nanoflows/). For information on how nanoflows and microflows differ, see the [Differences between Microflows and Nanoflows](/refguide/microflows-and-nanoflows/#differences) section in *Microflows and Nanoflows*.
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This page is a summary of the elements which make up a microflow, together with their visual representation within the microflow. It also covers [keyboard support](#keyboard) when editing microflows.
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For the properties of the microflow itself, see [Microflow Properties](/refguide/microflow/). For more best practice details, see [Microflow Naming Conventions](/refguide/dev-best-practices/#microflow-naming-conventions), [Microflow General Best Practices](/refguide/dev-best-practices/#microflow-dev-best-practices), and [Microflow Best Practices from the Community](/refguide/community-best-practices-for-app-performance/#microflow-community-best-practices).
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For the properties of the microflow itself, see [Microflow Properties](/refguide/microflow/). For microflow best practices, see [Microflow Naming Conventions](/refguide/dev-best-practices/#microflow-naming-conventions), [Microflow General Best Practices](/refguide/dev-best-practices/#microflow-dev-best-practices), and [Microflow Best Practices from the Community](/refguide/community-best-practices-for-app-performance/#microflow-community-best-practices).
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For information on using microflows as data sources, see [Microflow Source](/refguide/microflow-source/).
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*[Parameter](#parameter) is data that serves as input for the microflow.
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*[Annotation](#annotation) is an element that can be used to put comments in a microflow.
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### Events{#events}
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### Events{#events}
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Events represent start and endpoints of a microflow and special operations in a loop.
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| Graphic | Name | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/start-event.png" link="/refguide/start-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Start Event](/refguide/start-event/)| A start event is the starting point of the microflow. A microflow can only have one start event. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/end-event.png" link="/refguide/end-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[End Event](/refguide/end-event/)| An end event defines the location where the microflow will stop. Depending on the return type of the microflow in some cases a value must be specified. There can be more than one end event. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/error-event.png" link="/refguide/error-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Error Event](/refguide/error-event/)| An error event defines a location where the microflow will stop and throw an error that occurred earlier. If you call a microflow, you may want to know whether any errors occurred within the microflow or not. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/start-event.png" link="/refguide/start-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Start Event](/refguide/start-event/)| A start event is the starting point of a microflow. A microflow can only have one start event. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/end-event.png" link="/refguide/end-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[End Event](/refguide/end-event/)| An end event defines the location where a microflow stops.Depending on the return type of the microflow, in some cases a value must be specified. There can be more than one end event. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/error-event.png" link="/refguide/error-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Error Event](/refguide/error-event/)| An error event defines a location where a microflow stops and throws an error that occurred earlier. If you call a microflow, you may want to know whether any errors occurred within the microflow or not. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/continue-event.png" link="/refguide/continue-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Continue Event](/refguide/continue-event/)| A continue event is used to stop the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration. Continue events can only be used inside a [Loop](/refguide/loop/). |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/break-event.png" link="/refguide/break-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Break Event](/refguide/break-event/)| A break event is used to stop iterating over the list of objects and continue with the rest of the flow after the loop. Break events can only be used inside a [Loop](/refguide/loop/). |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/break-event.png" link="/refguide/break-event/" class="no-border" >}} |[Break Event](/refguide/break-event/)| A break event is used to stop iterating over a list of objects and continue with the rest of the flow after the loop. Break events can only be used inside a [Loop](/refguide/loop/). |
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### Flows{#flows}
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### Flows{#flows}
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Flows form the connection between elements.
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| Graphic | Name | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/sequence-flow.png" link="/refguide/sequence-flow/" class="no-border" >}} |[Sequence Flow](/refguide/sequence-flow/)| A sequence flow is an arrow that links events, activities, decisions, and merges with each other. Together they define the order of execution within a microflow. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/annotation-flow.png" link="/refguide/annotation/#annotation-flow" class="no-border" >}} |[Annotation flow](/refguide/annotation/#annotation-flow)| An association is a connection that can be used to connect an annotation to another element. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/annotation-flow.png" link="/refguide/annotation/#annotation-flow" class="no-border" >}} |[Annotation flow](/refguide/annotation/#annotation-flow)| An annotation flow is a dashed line that is used to connect an [annotation](#annotation) to another element. |
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### Decisions {#decisions}
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Decisions deal with making choices and merging different paths again.
| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/decision.png" link="/refguide/decision/" class="no-border" >}} |[Decision](/refguide/decision/)| A decision makes a decision based on a condition and follows one and only one of the outgoing flows. There is no parallel execution in microflows. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/object-type-decision.png" link="/refguide/object-type-decision/" class="no-border" >}} |[Object Type Decision](/refguide/object-type-decision/)| An object type decision is an element that makes a choice based on the [specialization](/refguide/entities/) of the selected object. You can give the specialized object a name using a [cast object](/refguide/cast-object/)action. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/merge.png" link="/refguide/merge/" class="no-border" >}} |[Merge](/refguide/merge/)| A merge can be used to combine multiple sequence flows into one. If a choice is made in a microflow and afterwards some common work needs to be done, you can combine the two (or more) paths using a merge. |
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| Graphic | Name | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/decision.png" link="/refguide/decision/" class="no-border" >}} |[Decision](/refguide/decision/)| A decision makes a decision based on a condition and follows one and only one of the outgoing flows. There is no parallel execution in microflows. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/object-type-decision.png" link="/refguide/object-type-decision/" class="no-border" >}} |[Object Type Decision](/refguide/object-type-decision/)| An object type decision is an element that makes a choice based on the [specialization](/refguide/entities/) of the selected object. You can give the specialized object a name using a [cast object](/refguide/cast-object/)activity. |
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| {{< figure src="/attachments/refguide/modeling/application-logic/microflows-and-nanoflows/microflows/merge.png" link="/refguide/merge/" class="no-border" >}} |[Merge](/refguide/merge/)| A merge is used to combine multiple sequence flows into one. If a choice is made in a microflow and afterwards some common work needs to be done, you can combine the two (or more) paths using a merge. |
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### Activities{#activities}
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### Activities{#activities}
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[Activities](/refguide/activities/) are the actions that are executed in a microflow:
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For every object the flow inside the loop is executed. A loop activity can contain all elements used in microflows, with the exception of start and end events.
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For every object, the flow inside the loop is executed. A loop activity can contain all elements used in microflows, with the exception of start and end events.
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### Parameter {#parameter}
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A [parameter](/refguide/parameter/) is data that serves as input for the microflow.
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A [parameter](/refguide/parameter/) is data that serves as input for a microflow.
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## Introduction
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In a [microflow](/refguide/microflows/), microflow elements ([activities](/refguide/activities/), [decisions](/refguide/decisions/), or [loops](/refguide/loop/)) can sometimes fail and produce an error. If you do nothing, Mendix will report the error with a system error message and roll back all the changes. However, you can also change this behavior and handle errors yourself.
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In a [microflow](/refguide/microflows/), microflow elements ([activities](/refguide/activities/), [decisions](/refguide/decisions/), or [loops](/refguide/loop/)) can sometimes fail and produce an error. If you do nothing, Mendix reports the error with a system error message and roll back all the changes. However, you can also change this behavior and handle errors yourself.
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This document introduces different error handling options in microflows and explains how they work using simple examples. An example of how combined custom error handling works is also given in [An Example of Combined Error Handling](#example).
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In the following subsections, we introduce the functionality of each error handling option using simple examples.
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### Error Handling - Default
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### Error Handling - Default
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In this example, the error handling in **Microflow 2** is the default: **Rollback**.
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When **Microflow 1** starts with a button click, a savepoint is created at the very beginning of **Microflow 1**. Another savepoint is created right before **GenerateError** because the error handling is set to **Custom without rollback**. When an error occurs in **Microflow 2**, changes made in **Create Order** are kept because of the savepoint right before **GenerateError**. A custom error is logged using a **Log message** activity. **Microflow 1** does not receive the error and continues to its end. Changes made in **Create Customer** are kept.
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### Error Handling – Continue
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### Error Handling - Continue
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The **Continue** option can only be set on a microflow call or on a loop.
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