Skip to content

0x02-Session_authentication

Directory actions

More options

Directory actions

More options

Latest commit

 

History

History

0x02-Session_authentication

README.md

📖 0x02. Session authentication.

📃 Topics Covered.

The project is about implementing a session authentication mechanism without installing any other module. The learning objectives of the project include;

  1. Understanding authentication, session authentication.
  2. Cookies, sending cookies, and parsing cookies.

💻 Tasks.

0. Et moi et moi et moi!

📃 Task requirements.

Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)

Copy all your work of the 0x06. Basic authentication project in this new folder.

In this version, you implemented a Basic authentication for giving you access to all User endpoints:

  • GET /api/v1/users
  • POST /api/v1/users
  • GET /api/v1/users/<user_id>
  • PUT /api/v1/users/<user_id>
  • DELETE /api/v1/users/<user_id>

Now, you will add a new endpoint: GET /users/me to retrieve the authenticated User object.

  • Copy folders models and api from the previous project 0x06. Basic authentication
  • Please make sure all mandatory tasks of this previous project are done at 100% because this project (and the rest of this track) will be based on it.
  • Update @app.before_request in api/v1/app.py:
    • Assign the result of auth.current_user(request) to request.current_user
  • Update method for the route GET /api/v1/users/<user_id> in api/v1/views/users.py:
    • If <user_id> is equal to me and request.current_user is None: abort(404)
    • If <user_id> is equal to me and request.current_user is not None: return the authenticated User in a JSON response (like a normal case of GET /api/v1/users/<user_id> where <user_id> is a valid User ID)
    • Otherwise, keep the same behavior

In the first terminal:

    bob@dylan:~$ cat main_0.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """ Main 0
    """
    import base64
    from api.v1.auth.basic_auth import BasicAuth
    from models.user import User
    
    """ Create a user test """
    user_email = "bob@hbtn.io"
    user_clear_pwd = "H0lbertonSchool98!"
    
    user = User()
    user.email = user_email
    user.password = user_clear_pwd
    print("New user: {}".format(user.id))
    user.save()
    
    basic_clear = "{}:{}".format(user_email, user_clear_pwd)
    print("Basic Base64: {}".format(base64.b64encode(basic_clear.encode('utf-8')).decode("utf-8")))
    
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=basic_auth ./main_0.py 
    New user: 9375973a-68c7-46aa-b135-29f79e837495
    Basic Base64: Ym9iQGhidG4uaW86SDBsYmVydG9uU2Nob29sOTgh
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=basic_auth python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....

In a second terminal:

    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/status"
    {
      "status": "OK"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users"
    {
      "error": "Unauthorized"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users" -H "Authorization: Basic Ym9iQGhidG4uaW86SDBsYmVydG9uU2Nob29sOTgh"
    [
      {
        "created_at": "2017-09-25 01:55:17", 
        "email": "bob@hbtn.io", 
        "first_name": null, 
        "id": "9375973a-68c7-46aa-b135-29f79e837495", 
        "last_name": null, 
        "updated_at": "2017-09-25 01:55:17"
      }
    ]
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" -H "Authorization: Basic Ym9iQGhidG4uaW86SDBsYmVydG9uU2Nob29sOTgh"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-09-25 01:55:17", 
      "email": "bob@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "9375973a-68c7-46aa-b135-29f79e837495", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-09-25 01:55:17"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$

🔧 Task setup.



✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/app.py, 👉 api/v1/views/users.py




1. Empty session


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Create a class SessionAuth that inherits from Auth. For the moment this class will be empty. It’s the first step for creating a new authentication mechanism:


    

  • validate if everything inherits correctly without any overloading
    • 

  • validate the “switch” by using environment variables
    • 



Update api/v1/app.py for using SessionAuth instance for the variable auth depending of the value of the environment variable AUTH_TYPE, If AUTH_TYPE is equal to session_auth:


    

  • import SessionAuth from api.v1.auth.session_auth
    • 

  • create an instance of SessionAuth and assign it to the variable auth
    • 



Otherwise, keep the previous mechanism.


In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/status"
    {
      "status": "OK"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/status/"
    {
      "status": "OK"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users"
    {
      "error": "Unauthorized"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users" -H "Authorization: Test"
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.


# Start server.
API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 python3 -m api.v1.app

# Tests.
curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/unauthorized"


✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/auth/session_auth.py, 👉 api/v1/app.py




2. Create a session


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update SessionAuth class:


    

  • Create a class attribute user_id_by_session_id initialized by an empty dictionary
    • 

  • Create an instance method def create_session(self, user_id: str = None) -> str: that creates a Session ID for a user_id:

      

    • Return None if user_id is None
      • 

    • Return None if user_id is not a string
      • 

    • Otherwise:

        

      • Generate a Session ID using uuid module and uuid4() like id in Base
        • 

      • Use this Session ID as key of the dictionary user_id_by_session_id - the value for this key must be user_id
        • 

      • Return the Session ID
        • 

      

      • 

    • The same user_id can have multiple Session ID - indeed, the user_id is the value in the dictionary user_id_by_session_id
      • 

    

    • 



Now you an “in-memory” Session ID storing. You will be able to retrieve an User id based on a Session ID.


    bob@dylan:~$ cat  main_1.py 
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """ Main 1
    """
    from api.v1.auth.session_auth import SessionAuth
    
    sa = SessionAuth()
    
    print("{}: {}".format(type(sa.user_id_by_session_id), sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id = None
    session = sa.create_session(user_id)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id, session, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id = 89
    session = sa.create_session(user_id)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id, session, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id = "abcde"
    session = sa.create_session(user_id)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id, session, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id = "fghij"
    session = sa.create_session(user_id)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id, session, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id = "abcde"
    session = sa.create_session(user_id)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id, session, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth ./main_1.py 
    <class 'dict'>: {}
    None => None: {}
    89 => None: {}
    abcde => 61997a1b-3f8a-4b0f-87f6-19d5cafee63f: {'61997a1b-3f8a-4b0f-87f6-19d5cafee63f': 'abcde'}
    fghij => 69e45c25-ec89-4563-86ab-bc192dcc3b4f: {'61997a1b-3f8a-4b0f-87f6-19d5cafee63f': 'abcde', '69e45c25-ec89-4563-86ab-bc192dcc3b4f': 'fghij'}
    abcde => 02079cb4-6847-48aa-924e-0514d82a43f4: {'61997a1b-3f8a-4b0f-87f6-19d5cafee63f': 'abcde', '02079cb4-6847-48aa-924e-0514d82a43f4': 'abcde', '69e45c25-ec89-4563-86ab-bc192dcc3b4f': 'fghij'}
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/auth/session_auth.py




3. User ID for Session ID


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update SessionAuth class:


Create an instance method def user_id_for_session_id(self, session_id: str = None) -> str: that returns a User ID based on a Session ID:


    

  • Return None if session_id is None
    • 

  • Return None if session_id is not a string
    • 

  • Return the value (the User ID) for the key session_id in the dictionary user_id_by_session_id.
    • 

  • You must use .get() built-in for accessing in a dictionary a value based on key
    • 



Now you have 2 methods (create_session and user_id_for_session_id) for storing and retrieving a link between a User ID and a Session ID.


    bob@dylan:~$ cat main_2.py 
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """ Main 2
    """
    from api.v1.auth.session_auth import SessionAuth
    
    sa = SessionAuth()
    
    user_id_1 = "abcde"
    session_1 = sa.create_session(user_id_1)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id_1, session_1, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    user_id_2 = "fghij"
    session_2 = sa.create_session(user_id_2)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id_2, session_2, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    print("---")
    
    tmp_session_id = None
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(tmp_session_id)
    print("{} => {}".format(tmp_session_id, tmp_user_id))
    
    tmp_session_id = 89
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(tmp_session_id)
    print("{} => {}".format(tmp_session_id, tmp_user_id))
    
    tmp_session_id = "doesntexist"
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(tmp_session_id)
    print("{} => {}".format(tmp_session_id, tmp_user_id))
    
    print("---")
    
    tmp_session_id = session_1
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(tmp_session_id)
    print("{} => {}".format(tmp_session_id, tmp_user_id))
    
    tmp_session_id = session_2
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(tmp_session_id)
    print("{} => {}".format(tmp_session_id, tmp_user_id))
    
    print("---")
    
    session_1_bis = sa.create_session(user_id_1)
    print("{} => {}: {}".format(user_id_1, session_1_bis, sa.user_id_by_session_id))
    
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(session_1_bis)
    print("{} => {}".format(session_1_bis, tmp_user_id))
    
    tmp_user_id = sa.user_id_for_session_id(session_1)
    print("{} => {}".format(session_1, tmp_user_id))
    
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth ./main_2.py 
    abcde => 8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f: {'8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f': 'abcde'}
    fghij => a159ee3f-214e-4e91-9546-ca3ce873e975: {'a159ee3f-214e-4e91-9546-ca3ce873e975': 'fghij', '8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f': 'abcde'}
    ---
    None => None
    89 => None
    doesntexist => None
    ---
    8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f => abcde
    a159ee3f-214e-4e91-9546-ca3ce873e975 => fghij
    ---
    abcde => 5d2930ba-f6d6-4a23-83d2-4f0abc8b8eee: {'a159ee3f-214e-4e91-9546-ca3ce873e975': 'fghij', '8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f': 'abcde', '5d2930ba-f6d6-4a23-83d2-4f0abc8b8eee': 'abcde'}
    5d2930ba-f6d6-4a23-83d2-4f0abc8b8eee => abcde
    8647f981-f503-4638-af23-7bb4a9e4b53f => abcde
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




[:point_right: api/v1/auth/session_auth.py](api/v1/auth/session_auth.py




4. Session cookie


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update api/v1/auth/auth.py by adding the method def session_cookie(self, request=None): that returns a cookie value from a request:


    

  • Return None if request is None
    • 

  • Return the value of the cookie named _my_session_id from request - the name of the cookie must be defined by the environment variable SESSION_NAME
    • 

  • You must use .get() built-in for accessing the cookie in the request cookies dictionary
    • 

  • You must use the environment variable SESSION_NAME to define the name of the cookie used for the Session ID
    • 



In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ cat main_3.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """ Cookie server
    """
    from flask import Flask, request
    from api.v1.auth.auth import Auth
    
    auth = Auth()
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route('/', methods=['GET'], strict_slashes=False)
    def root_path():
        """ Root path
        """
        return "Cookie value: {}\n".format(auth.session_cookie(request))
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port="5000")
    
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id ./main_3.py 
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000"
    Cookie value: None
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000" --cookie "_my_session_id=Hello"
    Cookie value: Hello
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000" --cookie "_my_session_id=C is fun"
    Cookie value: C is fun
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000" --cookie "_my_session_id_fake"
    Cookie value: None
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/auth/auth.py




5. Before request


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update the @app.before_request method in api/v1/app.py:


    

  • Add the URL path /api/v1/auth_session/login/ in the list of excluded paths of the method require_auth - this route doesn’t exist yet but it should be accessible outside authentication
    • 

  • If auth.authorization_header(request) and auth.session_cookie(request) return None, abort(401)
    • 



In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/status"
    {
      "status": "OK"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" # not found but not "blocked" by an authentication system
    {
      "error": "Not found"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me"
    {
      "error": "Unauthorized"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" -H "Authorization: Basic Ym9iQGhidG4uaW86SDBsYmVydG9uU2Nob29sOTgh" # Won't work because the environment variable AUTH_TYPE is equal to "session_auth"
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=5535d4d7-3d77-4d06-8281-495dc3acfe76" # Won't work because no user is linked to this Session ID
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/app.py





6. Use Session ID for identifying a User


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update SessionAuth class:


Create an instance method def current_user(self, request=None): (overload) that returns a User instance based on a cookie value:


    

  • You must use self.session_cookie(...) and self.user_id_for_session_id(...) to return the User ID based on the cookie _my_session_id
    • 

  • By using this User ID, you will be able to retrieve a User instance from the database - you can use User.get(...) for retrieving a User from the database.
    • 



Now, you will be able to get a User based on his session ID.


In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ cat main_4.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    """ Main 4
    """
    from flask import Flask, request
    from api.v1.auth.session_auth import SessionAuth
    from models.user import User
    
    """ Create a user test """
    user_email = "bobsession@hbtn.io"
    user_clear_pwd = "fake pwd"
    
    user = User()
    user.email = user_email
    user.password = user_clear_pwd
    user.save()
    
    """ Create a session ID """
    sa = SessionAuth()
    session_id = sa.create_session(user.id)
    print("User with ID: {} has a Session ID: {}".format(user.id, session_id))
    
    """ Create a Flask app """
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route('/', methods=['GET'], strict_slashes=False)
    def root_path():
        """ Root path
        """
        request_user = sa.current_user(request)
        if request_user is None:
            return "No user found\n"
        return "User found: {}\n".format(request_user.id)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port="5000")
    
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id ./main_4.py
    User with ID: cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992 has a Session ID: 9d1648aa-da79-4692-8236-5f9d7f9e9485
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/"
    No user found
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/" --cookie "_my_session_id=Holberton"
    No user found
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/" --cookie "_my_session_id=9d1648aa-da79-4692-8236-5f9d7f9e9485"
    User found: cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/auth/session_auth.py






7. New view for Session Authentication


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Create a new Flask view that handles all routes for the Session authentication.


In the file api/v1/views/session_auth.py, create a route POST /auth_session/login (= POST /api/v1/auth_session/login):


    

  • Slash tolerant (/auth_session/login == /auth_session/login/)
    • 

  • You must use request.form.get() to retrieve email and password parameters
    • 

  • If email is missing or empty, return the JSON { "error": "email missing" } with the status code 400
    • 

  • If password is missing or empty, return the JSON { "error": "password missing" } with the status code 400
    • 

  • Retrieve the User instance based on the email - you must use the class method search of User (same as the one used for the BasicAuth)

      

    • If no User found, return the JSON { "error": "no user found for this email" } with the status code 404
      • 

    • If the password is not the one of the User found, return the JSON { "error": "wrong password" } with the status code 401 - you must use is_valid_password from the User instance
      • 

    • Otherwise, create a Session ID for the User ID:

        

      • You must use from api.v1.app import auth - WARNING: please import it only where you need it - not on top of the file (can generate circular import - and break first tasks of this project)
        • 

      • You must use auth.create_session(..) for creating a Session ID
        • 

      • Return the dictionary representation of the User - you must use to_json() method from User
        • 

      • You must set the cookie to the response - you must use the value of the environment variable SESSION_NAME as cookie name - tip
        • 

      

      • 

    

    • 



In the file api/v1/views/__init__.py, you must add this new view at the end of the file.


In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XGET
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
    <title>405 Method Not Allowed</title>
    <h1>Method Not Allowed</h1>
    <p>The method is not allowed for the requested URL.</p>
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$  curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST
    {
      "error": "email missing"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=guillaume@hbtn.io"
    {
      "error": "password missing"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=guillaume@hbtn.io" -d "password=test"
    {
      "error": "no user found for this email"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=test"
    {
      "error": "wrong password"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=fake pwd"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=fake pwd" -vvv
    Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
    *   Trying 0.0.0.0...
    * TCP_NODELAY set
    * Connected to 0.0.0.0 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
    > POST /api/v1/auth_session/login HTTP/1.1
    > Host: 0.0.0.0:5000
    > User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Content-Length: 42
    > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    > 
    * upload completely sent off: 42 out of 42 bytes
    * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
    < HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    < Content-Type: application/json
    < Set-Cookie: _my_session_id=df05b4e1-d117-444c-a0cc-ba0d167889c4; Path=/
    < Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
    < Content-Length: 210
    < Server: Werkzeug/0.12.1 Python/3.4.3
    < Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2017 04:57:08 GMT
    < 
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    * Closing connection 0
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=df05b4e1-d117-444c-a0cc-ba0d167889c4"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



Now you have an authentication based on a Session ID stored in cookie, perfect for a website (browsers love cookies).


🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/views/session_auth.py, 👉 api/v1/views/init.py






8. Logout


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Update the class SessionAuth by adding a new method def destroy_session(self, request=None): that deletes the user session / logout:


    

  • If the request is equal to None, return False
    • 

  • If the request doesn’t contain the Session ID cookie, return False - you must use self.session_cookie(request)
    • 

  • If the Session ID of the request is not linked to any User ID, return False - you must use self.user_id_for_session_id(...)
    • 

  • Otherwise, delete in self.user_id_by_session_id the Session ID (as key of this dictionary) and return True
    • 



Update the file api/v1/views/session_auth.py, by adding a new route DELETE /api/v1/auth_session/logout:


    

  • Slash tolerant
    • 

  • You must use from api.v1.app import auth
    • 

  • You must use auth.destroy_session(request) for deleting the Session ID contains in the request as cookie:

      

    • If destroy_session returns False, abort(404)
      • 

    • Otherwise, return an empty JSON dictionary with the status code 200
      • 

    

    • 



In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=fake pwd" -vvv
    Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
    *   Trying 0.0.0.0...
    * TCP_NODELAY set
    * Connected to 0.0.0.0 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
    > POST /api/v1/auth_session/login HTTP/1.1
    > Host: 0.0.0.0:5000
    > User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Content-Length: 42
    > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    > 
    * upload completely sent off: 42 out of 42 bytes
    * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
    < HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    < Content-Type: application/json
    < Set-Cookie: _my_session_id=e173cb79-d3fc-4e3a-9e6f-bcd345b24721; Path=/
    < Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
    < Content-Length: 210
    < Server: Werkzeug/0.12.1 Python/3.4.3
    < Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2017 04:57:08 GMT
    < 
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    * Closing connection 0
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=e173cb79-d3fc-4e3a-9e6f-bcd345b24721"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/logout" --cookie "_my_session_id=e173cb79-d3fc-4e3a-9e6f-bcd345b24721"
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
    <title>405 Method Not Allowed</title>
    <h1>Method Not Allowed</h1>
    <p>The method is not allowed for the requested URL.</p>
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/logout" --cookie "_my_session_id=e173cb79-d3fc-4e3a-9e6f-bcd345b24721" -XDELETE
    {}
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=e173cb79-d3fc-4e3a-9e6f-bcd345b24721"
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



Login, logout… what’s else?


Now, after getting a Session ID, you can request all protected API routes by using this Session ID, no need anymore to send User email and password every time.


🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/app.py, 👉 api/v1/auth/basic_auth.py






9. Expiration?


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Actually you have 2 authentication systems:


    

  • Basic authentication
    • 

  • Session authentication
    • 



Now you will add an expiration date to a Session ID.


Create a class SessionExpAuth that inherits from SessionAuth in the file api/v1/auth/session_exp_auth.py:


    

  • Overload def __init__(self): method:

      

    • Assign an instance attribute session_duration:

        

      • To the environment variable SESSION_DURATION casts to an integer
        • 

      • If this environment variable doesn’t exist or can’t be parse to an integer, assign to 0
        • 

      

      • 

    

    • 

  • Overload def create_session(self, user_id=None):

      

    • Create a Session ID by calling super() - super() will call the create_session() method of SessionAuth
      • 

    • Return None if super() can’t create a Session ID
      • 

    • Use this Session ID as key of the dictionary user_id_by_session_id - the value for this key must be a dictionary (called “session dictionary”):

        

      • The key user_id must be set to the variable user_id
        • 

      • The key created_at must be set to the current datetime - you must use datetime.now()
        • 

      

      • 

    • Return the Session ID created
      • 

    

    • 

  • Overload def user_id_for_session_id(self, session_id=None):

      

    • Return None if session_id is None
      • 

    • Return None if user_id_by_session_id doesn’t contain any key equals to session_id
      • 

    • Return the user_id key from the session dictionary if self.session_duration is equal or under 0
      • 

    • Return None if session dictionary doesn’t contain a key created_at
      • 

    • Return None if the created_at + session_duration seconds are before the current datetime. datetime - timedelta
      • 

    • Otherwise, return user_id from the session dictionary
      • 

    

    • 



Update api/v1/app.py to instantiate auth with SessionExpAuth if the environment variable AUTH_TYPE is equal to session_exp_auth.


In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_exp_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id SESSION_DURATION=60 python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=fake pwd" -vvv
    Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
    *   Trying 0.0.0.0...
    * TCP_NODELAY set
    * Connected to 0.0.0.0 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
    > POST /api/v1/auth_session/login HTTP/1.1
    > Host: 0.0.0.0:5000
    > User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Content-Length: 42
    > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    > 
    * upload completely sent off: 42 out of 42 bytes
    * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
    < HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    < Content-Type: application/json
    < Set-Cookie: _my_session_id=eea5d963-8dd2-46f0-9e43-fd05029ae63f; Path=/
    < Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
    < Content-Length: 210
    < Server: Werkzeug/0.12.1 Python/3.4.3
    < Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2017 04:57:08 GMT
    < 
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    * Closing connection 0
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=eea5d963-8dd2-46f0-9e43-fd05029ae63f"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ sleep 10
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=eea5d963-8dd2-46f0-9e43-fd05029ae63f"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ sleep 51 # 10 + 51 > 60
    bob@dylan:~$ 
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=eea5d963-8dd2-46f0-9e43-fd05029ae63f"
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




👉 api/v1/auth/session_exp_auth.py, 👉 api/v1/app.py






10. Sessions in database


📃 Task requirements.


Score: 0.0% (Checks completed: 0.0%)


Since the beginning, all Session IDs are stored in memory. It means, if your application stops, all Session IDs are lost.


For avoid that, you will create a new authentication system, based on Session ID stored in database (for us, it will be in a file, like User).


Create a new model UserSession in models/user_session.py that inherits from Base:


    

  • Implement the def __init__(self, *args: list, **kwargs: dict): like in User but for these 2 attributes:

      

    • user_id: string
      • 

    • session_id: string
      • 

    

    • 



Create a new authentication class SessionDBAuth in api/v1/auth/session_db_auth.py that inherits from SessionExpAuth:


    

  • Overload def create_session(self, user_id=None): that creates and stores new instance of UserSession and returns the Session ID
    • 

  • Overload def user_id_for_session_id(self, session_id=None): that returns the User ID by requesting UserSession in the database based on session_id
    • 

  • Overload def destroy_session(self, request=None): that destroys the UserSession based on the Session ID from the request cookie
    • 



Update api/v1/app.py to instantiate auth with SessionDBAuth if the environment variable AUTH_TYPE is equal to session_db_auth.


In the first terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ API_HOST=0.0.0.0 API_PORT=5000 AUTH_TYPE=session_db_auth SESSION_NAME=_my_session_id SESSION_DURATION=60 python3 -m api.v1.app
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    ....



In a second terminal:


    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/auth_session/login" -XPOST -d "email=bobsession@hbtn.io" -d "password=fake pwd" -vvv
    Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
    *   Trying 0.0.0.0...
    * TCP_NODELAY set
    * Connected to 0.0.0.0 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
    > POST /api/v1/auth_session/login HTTP/1.1
    > Host: 0.0.0.0:5000
    > User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Content-Length: 42
    > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    > 
    * upload completely sent off: 42 out of 42 bytes
    * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
    < HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    < Content-Type: application/json
    < Set-Cookie: _my_session_id=bacadfad-3c3b-4830-b1b2-3d77dfb9ad13; Path=/
    < Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
    < Content-Length: 210
    < Server: Werkzeug/0.12.1 Python/3.4.3
    < Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2017 04:57:08 GMT
    < 
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    * Closing connection 0
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=bacadfad-3c3b-4830-b1b2-3d77dfb9ad13"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ sleep 10
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=bacadfad-3c3b-4830-b1b2-3d77dfb9ad13"
    {
      "created_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04", 
      "email": "bobsession@hbtn.io", 
      "first_name": null, 
      "id": "cf3ddee1-ff24-49e4-a40b-2540333fe992", 
      "last_name": null, 
      "updated_at": "2017-10-16 04:23:04"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ sleep 60
    bob@dylan:~$
    bob@dylan:~$ curl "http://0.0.0.0:5000/api/v1/users/me" --cookie "_my_session_id=bacadfad-3c3b-4830-b1b2-3d77dfb9ad13"
    {
      "error": "Forbidden"
    }
    bob@dylan:~$



🔧 Task setup.




✔️ Solution




[:point_right: 👉 api/v1/auth/session_db_auth.py, 👉 api/v1/app.py, 👉 models/user_session.py





✔️ Solution




[:point_right: 👉 api/v1/auth/basic_auth.py





👨 Author and Credits.


This project was done by SE. Moses Mwangi. Feel free to get intouch with me;


📱 WhatsApp +254115227963


📧 Email moses.soft.eng@gmail.com


👍 A lot of thanks to ALX-Africa Software Engineering program for the project requirements.