Merge pull request #137 from jmartin4nrel/meoh-merge

Adding CO2 Hydrogenation as a methanol production technology

Author: jmartin4u

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 - Added *_out/ to .gitignore to avoid clutter
 - Added methanol production base class
 - Added steam methane reforming methanol production technology
+- Added CO2 hydrogenation methanol production technology
 - Added a new optimization example with a wind plant and electrolyzer to showcase how to define design variables, constraints, and objective functions
 - Added capability for user-defined technologies in the H2Integrate framework, allowing for custom models to be integrated into the system.
 - Added an example of a user-defined technology in the `examples` directory, demonstrating an extremely simple paper mill model.

docs/technology_models/methanol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Methanol model
+
+Methanol is an essential precursor to many chemicals, and is also used as a fuel, especially in marine applications. It can be produced from many substances, which the most conventional route using natural gas as the main feedstock, and other developing technologies that combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2). A basic framework for modeling methanol production is set up in `h2integrate/converters/methanol/methanol_baseclass.py`, and specific technologies are modeled in inherited classes. Examples of each methanol production method can be found in `examples/03_methanol`. Currently, H2I models two methanol production technologies:
+
+1. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR): This is the most prominent commercial production route for methanol in the United States, and utilizes natural gas as the main feedstock. This model is found at `h2integrate/converters/methanol/smr_methanol_plant.py`. The NREL modeling of this process is based on an [NETL Baseline Analysis of Crude Methanol Production from Coal and Natural Gas](https://doi.org/10.2172/1601964).
+
+2. CO2 Hydrogenation: This is a developing methanol production technology that directly combines hydrogen with carbon dioxide to produce methanol. This model is found at `h2integrate/converters/methanol/co2h_methanol_plant.py`. The NREL modeling of this process is based on a combination of three peer-reviewed studies:
+    - [Perez-Fortes et al.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.067)
+    - [Szima et al.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2018.02.007)
+    - [Nyari et al.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101166)
+
+This modeling is further documented in a journal publication by [Martin et al.](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c02589)

examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/03_co2h_methanol.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+name: "H2Integrate_config"
+
+system_summary: "This reference hybrid plant contains a simple SMR methanol plant"
+
+driver_config: "driver_config.yaml"
+technology_config: "tech_config_co2h.yaml"
+plant_config: "plant_config_co2h.yaml"

examples/03_methanol/driver_config.yaml …nol/co2_hydrogenation/driver_config.yamlexamples/03_methanol/driver_config.yaml renamed to examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/driver_config.yaml examples/03_methanol/driver_config.yaml renamed to examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/driver_config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+name: "plant_config"
+description: "This plant is located west of the Wolf Hollow II NGCC power plant in Texas"
+
+site:
+  latitude: 32.34
+  longitude: -98.27
+  elevation_m: 440.0
+  time_zone: -6
+
+  # array of polygons defining boundaries with x/y coords
+  boundaries: [
+    {
+      x: [0.0, 1000.0, 1000.0, 0.0],
+      y: [0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 1000.0],
+    },
+    {
+      x: [2000.0, 2500.0, 2000.0],
+      y: [2000.0, 2000.0, 2500.0],
+    }
+  ]
+
+# array of arrays containing left-to-right technology
+# interconnections; can support bidirectional connections
+# with the reverse definition.
+# this will naturally grow as we mature the interconnected tech
+technology_interconnections: [
+  ["hopp", "electrolyzer", "electricity", "cable"],
+  ["electrolyzer", "methanol", "hydrogen", "pipe"],
+  ["financials_group_1", "methanol", "LCOE"],
+  ["financials_group_1", "methanol", "LCOH"],
+]
+
+plant:
+  plant_life: 30
+  grid_connection: True # option, can be turned on or off
+  ppa_price: 0.027498168 # based off correlations of LBNL PPA data
+  hybrid_electricity_estimated_cf: 0.492 #should equal 1 if grid_connection = True
+
+finance_parameters:
+  analysis_start_year: 2032
+  installation_time: 36 # months
+  inflation_rate: 0.0 # 0 for nominal analysis
+  discount_rate: 0.09 # nominal return based on 2024 ATB basline workbook for land-based wind
+  debt_equity_split: False
+  debt_equity_ratio: 2.62 # 2024 ATB uses 72.4% debt for land-based wind
+  property_tax: 0.02 # https://www.house.mn.gov/hrd/issinfo/clsrates.aspx
+  property_insurance: 0.01 # percent of CAPEX estimated based on https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/91775.pdf
+  total_income_tax_rate: 0.308 # 0.257 tax rate in 2024 atb baseline workbook, value here is based on federal (21%) and state in MN (9.8)
+  capital_gains_tax_rate: 0.15 # H2FAST default
+  sales_tax_rate: 0.07375 # total state and local sales tax in St. Louis County https://taxmaps.state.mn.us/salestax/
+  debt_interest_rate: 0.07 # based on 2024 ATB nominal interest rate for land-based wind
+  debt_type: "Revolving debt" # can be "Revolving debt" or "One time loan". Revolving debt is H2FAST default and leads to much lower LCOH
+  loan_period: 0 # H2FAST default, not used for revolving debt
+  cash_onhand_months: 1 # H2FAST default
+  administrative_expense_percent_of_sales: 0.00 # percent of sales H2FAST default
+  depreciation_method: "MACRS" # can be "MACRS" or "Straight line" - MACRS may be better and can reduce LCOH by more than $1/kg and is spec'd in the IRS MACRS schedule https://www.irs.gov/publications/p946#en_US_2020_publink1000107507
+  depreciation_period: 5 # years - for clean energy facilities as specified by the IRS MACRS schedule https://www.irs.gov/publications/p946#en_US_2020_publink1000107507
+  depreciation_period_electrolyzer: 7 # based on PEM Electrolysis H2A Production Case Study Documentation estimate of 7 years. also see https://www.irs.gov/publications/p946#en_US_2020_publink1000107507
+  discount_years:
+    hopp: 2019
+    electrolyzer: 2021
+    methanol: 2020
+  options:
+    commodity_type: "methanol"
+  cost_adjustment_parameters:
+    cost_year_adjustment_inflation: 0.025 # used to adjust modeled costs to target_dollar_year
+    target_dollar_year: 2022
+
+policy_parameters: # these should be adjusted for inflation prior to application - order of operations: rate in 1992 $, then prevailing wage multiplier if applicable, then inflation
+  electricity_itc: 0
+  electricity_ptc: 0
+  h2_ptc: 0
+  h2_storage_itc: 0

examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/plant_config_co2h.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from h2integrate.core.h2integrate_model import H2IntegrateModel
+
+
+# Create an H2I model
+h2i = H2IntegrateModel("03_co2h_methanol.yaml")
+
+# Run the model
+h2i.run()
+
+h2i.post_process()

examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/run_co2h_methanol.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+name: "technology_config"
+description: "This hybrid plant produces methanol"
+
+technologies:
+  hopp:
+    performance_model:
+      model: "hopp"
+      config: !include tech_inputs/hopp_config.yaml
+    cost_model:
+      model: "hopp"
+    financial_model:
+      group: "1"
+    electrolyzer_rating: 156. # MW
+  electrolyzer:
+    performance_model:
+      model: "eco_pem_electrolyzer_performance"
+    cost_model:
+      model: "singlitico_electrolyzer_cost"
+    financial_model:
+      group: "1"
+    model_inputs:
+      shared_parameters:
+        location: "onshore"
+        electrolyzer_capex: 1295 # $/kW overnight installed capital costs for a 1 MW system in 2022 USD/kW (DOE hydrogen program record 24005	Clean Hydrogen Production Cost Scenarios with PEM Electrolyzer Technology 05/20/24) (https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1)
+      performance_parameters:
+        sizing:
+          resize_for_enduse: False
+          size_for: 'BOL' #'BOL' (generous) or 'EOL' (conservative)
+          hydrogen_dmd:
+        n_clusters: 4
+        cluster_rating_MW: 39
+        pem_control_type: 'basic'
+        eol_eff_percent_loss: 10 #eol defined as x% change in efficiency from bol
+        uptime_hours_until_eol: 80000 #number of 'on' hours until electrolyzer reaches eol
+        include_degradation_penalty: True #include degradation
+        turndown_ratio: 0.1 #turndown_ratio = minimum_cluster_power/cluster_rating_MW
+      financial_parameters:
+        replacement_cost_percent: 0.15 # percent of capex - H2A default case
+  methanol:
+    performance_model:
+      model: "co2h_methanol_plant_performance"
+    cost_model:
+      model: "co2h_methanol_plant_cost"
+    financial_model:
+      model: "co2h_methanol_plant_financial"
+      group: "2"
+    model_inputs:
+      shared_parameters:
+        plant_capacity_kgpy: 127893196.8
+        plant_capacity_flow: "methanol"
+      performance_parameters:
+        capacity_factor: 0.9
+        co2e_emit_ratio: 0.020296
+        h2o_consume_ratio: 0.988
+        h2_consume_ratio: 0.195
+        co2_consume_ratio: 1.423
+        elec_consume_ratio: 0.09466667
+        meoh_syn_cat_consume_ratio: 0.00000128398
+        ng_consume_ratio: 0.073511601
+      cost_parameters:
+        ng_lhv: 47.1
+        toc_kg_y: 1.0633873
+        foc_kg_y2: 0.020743864
+        voc_kg: 0.00079
+        meoh_syn_cat_price: 615.274273
+        ng_price: 4.0
+        co2_price: 0.0549007
+      finance_parameters:
+        # Sources in NETL-PUB-22580: Exhibit 3-5 and Exhibit 3-7
+        tasc_toc_multiplier: 1.093
+        fixed_charge_rate: 0.0707

examples/03_methanol/co2_hydrogenation/tech_config_co2h.yaml

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ site: #!include flatirons_site.yaml
         - [0.0, 25000]
         - [25000, 25000]
         - [25000, 0.0]
-  solar_resource_file: "weather/solar/32.34_-98.27_psmv3_60_2013.csv"
-  wind_resource_file: "weather/wind/32.34_-98.27_windtoolkit_2013_60min_100m_120m.srw"
+  solar_resource_file: "tech_inputs/weather/solar/32.31714_-100.18_psmv3_60_2013.csv"
+  wind_resource_file: "tech_inputs/weather/wind/32.31714_-100.18_windtoolkit_2013_60min_100m_120m.srw"
   wave_resource_file: ""
   grid_resource_file: ""
   hub_height: 115.0
@@ -29,25 +29,18 @@ site: #!include flatirons_site.yaml
 
 technologies:
   wind:
-    num_turbines: 216
+    num_turbines: 29
     turbine_rating_kw: 6000.0
-    model_name: floris
+    model_name: pysam #floris
     timestep: [0, 8760]
-    floris_config: !include floris_input_lbw_6MW.yaml
+    # floris_config: !include floris_input_lbw_6MW.yaml
     fin_model: !include default_fin_config.yaml
   pv:
-    system_capacity_kw: 1500000
+    system_capacity_kw: 350000
     dc_degradation: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
     fin_model: !include default_fin_config.yaml
-  battery:
-    system_capacity_kwh: 375745.2
-    system_capacity_kw: 375740.4
-    minimum_SOC: 20.0
-    maximum_SOC: 100.0
-    initial_SOC: 90.0
-    fin_model: !include default_fin_config.yaml
   grid:
-    interconnect_kw: 2000000 # Set higher than rated generation capacity
+    interconnect_kw: 200000 # Set higher than rated generation capacity
     fin_model: !include default_fin_config.yaml
 
 config: