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title Gas and ink costs
description A reference of how much opcodes and host I/Os cost in Stylus, with measurements in ink and gas.
author rachel-bousfield
sme rachel-bousfield
target_audience Developers deploying smart contracts using Stylus.
sidebar_position 3

This reference provides the latest gas and ink costs for specific WASM opcodes and host I/Os when using Stylus. For a conceptual introduction to Stylus gas and ink, see Gas and ink (Stylus).

The per-opcode and per-host-I/O ink costs in the tables below are subject to change as Stylus matures. They are defined in the upstream Stylus/Arbitrator source rather than in the precompiles, so confirm the current values against that source before relying on exact figures. The ink-to-gas relationship is fixed: 10,000 ink = 1 gas.

Opcode costs

The Stylus VM charges for WASM opcodes according to the following table, which was determined via a conservative statistical analysis and is expected to change as Stylus matures. Prices may fluctuate across upgrades as our analysis evolves and optimizations are made.

Hex Opcode Ink Gas Notes
0x00 Unreachable 1 0.0001
0x01 Nop 1 0.0001
0x02 Block 1 0.0001
0x03 Loop 1 0.0001
0x04 If 765 0.0765
0x05 Else 1 0.0001
0x0b End 1 0.0001
0x0c Br 765 0.0765
0x0d BrIf 765 0.0765
0x0e BrTable 2400 + 325x 0.24 + 0.0325x Cost varies with table size
0x0f Return 1 0.0001
0x10 Call 3800 0.38
0x11 CallIndirect 13610 + 650x 1.361 + 0.065x Cost varies with no. of args
0x1a Drop 9 0.0009
0x1b Select 1250 0.125
0x20 LocalGet 75 0.0075
0x21 LocalSet 210 0.0210
0x22 LocalTee 75 0.0075
0x23 GlobalGet 225 0.0225
0x24 GlobalSet 575 0.0575
0x28 I32Load 670 0.067
0x29 I64Load 680 0.068
0x2c I32Load8S 670 0.067
0x2d I32Load8U 670 0.067
0x2e I32Load16S 670 0.067
0x2f I32Load16U 670 0.067
0x30 I64Load8S 680 0.068
0x31 I64Load8U 680 0.068
0x32 I64Load16S 680 0.068
0x33 I64Load16U 680 0.068
0x34 I64Load32S 680 0.068
0x35 I64Load32U 680 0.068
0x36 I32Store 825 0.0825
0x37 I64Store 950 0.095
0x3a I32Store8 825 0.0825
0x3b I32Store16 825 0.0825
0x3c I64Store8 950 0.095
0x3d I64Store16 950 0.095
0x3e I64Store32 950 0.095
0x3f MemorySize 3000 0.3
0x40 MemoryGrow 8050 0.805
0x41 I32Const 1 0.0001
0x42 I64Const 1 0.0001
0x45 I32Eqz 170 0.017
0x46 I32Eq 170 0.017
0x47 I32Ne 170 0.017
0x48 I32LtS 170 0.017
0x49 I32LtU 170 0.017
0x4a I32GtS 170 0.017
0x4b I32GtU 170 0.017
0x4c I32LeS 170 0.017
0x4d I32LeU 170 0.017
0x4e I32GeS 170 0.017
0x4f I32GeU 170 0.017
0x50 I64Eqz 225 0.0225
0x51 I64Eq 225 0.0225
0x52 I64Ne 225 0.0225
0x53 I64LtS 225 0.0225
0x54 I64LtU 225 0.0225
0x55 I64GtS 225 0.0225
0x56 I64GtU 225 0.0225
0x57 I64LeS 225 0.0225
0x58 I64LeU 225 0.0225
0x59 I64GeS 225 0.0225
0x5a I64GeU 225 0.0225
0x67 I32Clz 210 0.021
0x68 I32Ctz 210 0.021
0x69 I32Popcnt 2650 0.265
0x6a I32Add 70 0.007
0x6b I32Sub 70 0.007
0x6c I32Mul 160 0.016
0x6d I32DivS 1120 0.112
0x6e I32DivU 1120 0.112
0x6f I32RemS 1120 0.112
0x70 I32RemU 1120 0.112
0x71 I32And 70 0.007
0x72 I32Or 70 0.007
0x73 I32Xor 70 0.007
0x74 I32Shl 70 0.007
0x75 I32ShrS 70 0.007
0x76 I32ShrU 70 0.007
0x77 I32Rotl 70 0.007
0x78 I32Rotr 70 0.007
0x79 I64Clz 210 0.021
0x7a I64Ctz 210 0.021
0x7b I64Popcnt 6000 0.6
0x7c I64Add 100 0.01
0x7d I64Sub 100 0.01
0x7e I64Mul 160 0.016
0x7f I64DivS 1270 0.127
0x80 I64DivU 1270 0.127
0x81 I64RemS 1270 0.127
0x82 I64RemU 1270 0.127
0x83 I64And 100 0.01
0x84 I64Or 100 0.01
0x85 I64Xor 100 0.01
0x86 I64Shl 100 0.01
0x87 I64ShrS 100 0.01
0x88 I64ShrU 100 0.01
0x89 I64Rotl 100 0.01
0x8a I64Rotr 100 0.01
0xa7 I32WrapI64 100 0.01
0xac I64ExtendI32S 100 0.01
0xad I64ExtendI32U 100 0.01
0xc0 I32Extend8S 100 0.01
0xc1 I32Extend16S 100 0.01
0xc2 I64Extend8S 100 0.01
0xc3 I64Extend16S 100 0.01
0xc4 I64Extend32S 100 0.01
0xfc0a MemoryCopy 950 + 100x 0.095 + 0.01x Cost varies with no. of bytes
0xfc0b MemoryFill 950 + 100x 0.095 + 0.01x Cost varies with no. of bytes

Host I/O costs

Certain operations require suspending WASM execution so that the Stylus VM can perform tasks natively in the host. This costs about 0.84 gas to do. Though we’ll publish a full specification later, the following table details the costs of simple operations that run in the host.

Note that the values in this table were determined via a conservative statistical analysis and are expected to change as Stylus matures. Prices may fluctuate across upgrades as our analysis evolves and optimizations are made.

Host I/O Ink Gas Notes
read_args 8400 + 5040b 0.84 + 0.504b b = bytes after first 32
write_result 8400 + 16381b 0.84 + 1.6381b b = bytes after first 32
keccak 121800 + 21000w 12.18 + 2.1w w = EVM words
block_basefee 13440 1.344
block_coinbase 13440 1.344
block_gas_limit 8400 0.84
block_number 8400 0.84
block_timestamp 8400 0.84
chain_id 8400 0.84
contract_address 13440 1.344
evm_gas_left 8400 0.84
evm_ink_left 8400 0.84
msg_reentrant 8400 0.84
msg_sender 13440 1.344
msg_value 13440 1.344
return_data_size 8400 0.84
tx_ink_price 8400 0.84
tx_gas_price 13440 1.344
tx_origin 13440 1.344
console_log_text 0 0 debug-only
console_log 0 0 debug-only
console_tee 0 0 debug-only
null_host 0 0 debug-only

See also