diff --git a/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing.go b/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing.go
index 1a16de5ee64..cbdf7ed7f2d 100644
--- a/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing.go
+++ b/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing.go
@@ -206,12 +206,13 @@ func (ps *L2PricingState) setMultiGasConstraintsFromSingleGasConstraints() error
 
 		// Transfer to multi-gas constraint with equal weights
 		weights := map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):     1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth):   1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess):   1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth):   1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindL2Calldata):      1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindWasmComputation): 1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):        1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth):      1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead):  1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite): 1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth):      1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindL2Calldata):         1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindWasmComputation):    1,
 		}
 
 		var adjustmentWindow uint32
diff --git a/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing_test.go b/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing_test.go
index 252516727fd..4a419c23272 100644
--- a/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing_test.go
+++ b/arbos/l2pricing/l2pricing_test.go
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 	const n uint64 = 5
 	for i := range n {
 		weights := map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   10 + i,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 20 + i,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       10 + i,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 20 + i,
 		}
 		Require(t,
 			// #nosec G115
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 		if weights[multigas.ResourceKindComputation] != 10+i {
 			t.Errorf("wrong computation weight: got %v, want %v", weights[multigas.ResourceKindComputation], 10+i)
 		}
-		if weights[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess] != 20+i {
-			t.Errorf("wrong storage weight: got %v, want %v", weights[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess], 20+i)
+		if weights[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead] != 20+i {
+			t.Errorf("wrong storage weight: got %v, want %v", weights[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead], 20+i)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsExponents(t *testing.T) {
 		20,
 		200,
 		map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite): 2,
 		},
 	)
 	Require(t, err)
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsExponents(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	expected = arbmath.Bips(2500)
-	if exps[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess] != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("wrong exponent: got %v, want %v", exps[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess], expected)
+	if exps[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite] != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong exponent: got %v, want %v", exps[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite], expected)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/arbos/l2pricing/model_test.go b/arbos/l2pricing/model_test.go
index 20f7408a79e..ca1ec19699f 100644
--- a/arbos/l2pricing/model_test.go
+++ b/arbos/l2pricing/model_test.go
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ func TestCalcMultiGasConstraintsExponents(t *testing.T) {
 		10,
 		20000,
 		map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 2,
 		},
 	))
 	Require(t, pricing.AddMultiGasConstraint(
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func TestCalcMultiGasConstraintsExponents(t *testing.T) {
 	if got, want := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindComputation], arbmath.Bips(100); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected computation exponent: got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
-	if got, want := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess], arbmath.Bips(200); got != want {
+	if got, want := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead], arbmath.Bips(200); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected storage-access exponent: got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
 
@@ -170,6 +170,9 @@ func TestCalcMultiGasConstraintsExponents(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth]; got != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected zero history-growth exponent, got %v", got)
 	}
+	if got := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite]; got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected zero storage-access-write exponent, got %v", got)
+	}
 	if got := exponents[multigas.ResourceKindSingleDim]; got != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected zero single-dimensional gas exponent, got %v", got)
 	}
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ func TestMultiDimensionalPriceForRefund(t *testing.T) {
 
 	multiGas := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 50000},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 15000},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 15000},
 	)
 	// #nosec G115
 	singleGas := big.NewInt(int64(multiGas.SingleGas()))
@@ -212,8 +215,8 @@ func TestMultiDimensionalPriceForRefund(t *testing.T) {
 		10,
 		20000,
 		map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 2,
 		},
 	))
 	Require(t, pricing.AddMultiGasConstraint(
@@ -221,13 +224,13 @@ func TestMultiDimensionalPriceForRefund(t *testing.T) {
 		5,
 		15000,
 		map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   2,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       2,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 1,
 		},
 	))
 	usedMultiGas := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 500000},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 1500000},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 1500000},
 	)
 	err = pricing.GrowBacklog(usedMultiGas.SingleGas(), usedMultiGas)
 	Require(t, err)
diff --git a/arbos/l2pricing/multi_gas_constraint_test.go b/arbos/l2pricing/multi_gas_constraint_test.go
index c9d1a12c600..59fc28ff22f 100644
--- a/arbos/l2pricing/multi_gas_constraint_test.go
+++ b/arbos/l2pricing/multi_gas_constraint_test.go
@@ -30,26 +30,26 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(789), backlog)
 
 	weightedResources := map[uint8]uint64{
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   10,
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 20,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       10,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 20,
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetResourceWeights(weightedResources))
 
 	w1, _ := c.ResourceWeight(uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation))
-	w2, _ := c.ResourceWeight(uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess))
+	w2, _ := c.ResourceWeight(uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead))
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(10), w1)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(20), w2)
 
 	res, err := c.GetResourceWeights()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(10), res[multigas.ResourceKindComputation])
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(20), res[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess])
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(20), res[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead])
 
 	used, err := c.UsedResources()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, used, 2)
 	require.Contains(t, used, multigas.ResourceKindComputation)
-	require.Contains(t, used, multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess)
+	require.Contains(t, used, multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead)
 
 	maxWeight, err := c.MaxWeight()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintResourceWeightsValidation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// valid set
 	valid := map[uint8]uint64{
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   3,
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 7,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       3,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 7,
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetResourceWeights(valid))
 
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogAggregation(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetAdjustmentWindow(2))
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetResourceWeights(map[uint8]uint64{
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       1,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 2,
 	}))
 
 	mg := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 10},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 10},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 10},
 	)
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.GrowBacklog(mg))
@@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogGrowth(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetAdjustmentWindow(5))
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetResourceWeights(map[uint8]uint64{
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       1,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 2,
 	}))
 
 	mg1 := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 10},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 10},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 10},
 	)
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.GrowBacklog(mg1))
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogGrowth(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mg2 := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 5},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 15},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 15},
 	)
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.GrowBacklog(mg2))
@@ -158,14 +158,14 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogDecay(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetAdjustmentWindow(5))
 
 	require.NoError(t, c.SetResourceWeights(map[uint8]uint64{
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
-		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 2,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):       1,
+		uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead): 2,
 	}))
 
 	// Initial backlog: 1*10 + 2*10 = 30
 	mgGrow := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 10},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 10},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 10},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, c.GrowBacklog(mgGrow))
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogDecay(t *testing.T) {
 	// First decay: 1*3 + 2*4 = 11 → new backlog = 30 - 11 = 19
 	mgDecay1 := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 3},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 4},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 4},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, c.ShrinkBacklog(mgDecay1))
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintBacklogDecay(t *testing.T) {
 	// Second decay underflows: 1*50 + 2*50 = 150 → should clamp to zero
 	mgDecay2 := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: 50},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 50},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: 50},
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, c.ShrinkBacklog(mgDecay2))
 
diff --git a/arbos/programs/programs.go b/arbos/programs/programs.go
index d01afc98a64..dc02b60ba6a 100644
--- a/arbos/programs/programs.go
+++ b/arbos/programs/programs.go
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ func fragmentReadGasCost(warm bool, codeSize uint64) (multigas.MultiGas, error)
 	if warm {
 		cost = multigas.ComputationGas(gethParams.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929)
 	} else {
-		cost = multigas.StorageAccessGas(gethParams.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929)
+		cost = multigas.StorageAccessReadGas(gethParams.ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929)
 	}
 	words := ToWordSize(codeSize)
 	copyGas, overflow := gethMath.SafeMul(words, gethParams.CopyGas)
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ func fragmentReadGasCost(warm bool, codeSize uint64) (multigas.MultiGas, error)
 		log.Trace("fragment copy gas overflow", "codeSize", codeSize, "words", words, "copyGas", gethParams.CopyGas)
 		return multigas.ZeroGas(), vm.ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
-	if cost, overflow = cost.SafeIncrement(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, copyGas); overflow {
+	if cost, overflow = cost.SafeIncrement(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, copyGas); overflow {
 		log.Trace("fragment copy gas overflow", "codeSize", codeSize, "copyGas", copyGas)
 		return multigas.ZeroGas(), vm.ErrGasUintOverflow
 	}
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ func (p Programs) SetProgramCached(
 	}
 
 	// pay to cache the program, or to re-cache in case of upcoming revert
-	if err := p.programs.Burner().Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, uint64(program.initCost)); err != nil {
+	if err := p.programs.Burner().Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, uint64(program.initCost)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	moduleHash, err := p.moduleHashes.Get(codeHash)
diff --git a/arbos/storage/storage.go b/arbos/storage/storage.go
index 0b440abee3a..e67153928d3 100644
--- a/arbos/storage/storage.go
+++ b/arbos/storage/storage.go
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func (s *Storage) Account() common.Address {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Get(key common.Hash) (common.Hash, error) {
-	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, StorageReadCost)
+	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, StorageReadCost)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (s *Storage) Set(key common.Hash, value common.Hash) error {
 		log.Error("Read-only burner attempted to mutate state", "key", key, "value", value)
 		return vm.ErrWriteProtection
 	}
-	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, writeCost(value))
+	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, writeCost(value))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ func (s *Storage) ClearBytes() error {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) GetCodeHash(address common.Address) (common.Hash, error) {
-	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, StorageCodeHashCost)
+	err := s.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, StorageCodeHashCost)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ func (s *Storage) NewSlot(offset uint64) StorageSlot {
 }
 
 func (ss *StorageSlot) Get() (common.Hash, error) {
-	err := ss.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, StorageReadCost)
+	err := ss.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, StorageReadCost)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ func (ss *StorageSlot) Set(value common.Hash) error {
 		log.Error("Read-only burner attempted to mutate state", "value", value)
 		return vm.ErrWriteProtection
 	}
-	err := ss.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, writeCost(value))
+	err := ss.burner.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, writeCost(value))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/arbos/tx_processor_multigas_test.go b/arbos/tx_processor_multigas_test.go
index c0639e03f7b..7a6b2645415 100644
--- a/arbos/tx_processor_multigas_test.go
+++ b/arbos/tx_processor_multigas_test.go
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ func TestEndTxHookMultiGasRefundNormalTx(t *testing.T) {
 
 	gasUsed := gasLimit - gasLeft
 
-	// Distribute used gas equally between computation and storage access.
+	// Distribute used gas equally between computation and storage access read.
 	usedMultiGas := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
 	)
 
 	// Set up multi-gas constraints and spin model to produce different multi-dimensional cost.
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func TestEndTxHookMultiGasRefundRetryableTx(t *testing.T) {
 	gasUsed := gasLimit - gasLeft
 	usedMultiGas := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindComputation, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, Amount: gasUsed / 2},
 	)
 
 	// Set up multi-gas constraints and spin model to produce a different multi-dimensional cost.
diff --git a/changelog/mrogachev-nit-4654.md b/changelog/mrogachev-nit-4654.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3590e0341e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/mrogachev-nit-4654.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+### Changed
+- Split `ResourceKindStorageAccess` into `ResourceKindStorageAccessRead` and `ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite` for finer-grained multi-dimensional gas metering
diff --git a/cmd/l2pricing-simulator/multigas.go b/cmd/l2pricing-simulator/multigas.go
index 9bb8320f073..ad1d3282a49 100644
--- a/cmd/l2pricing-simulator/multigas.go
+++ b/cmd/l2pricing-simulator/multigas.go
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ func ParseResourceKind(s string) (multigas.ResourceKind, error) {
 		return multigas.ResourceKindComputation, nil
 	case "HistoryGrowth":
 		return multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth, nil
-	case "StorageAccess":
-		return multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, nil
+	case "StorageAccessRead":
+		return multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, nil
+	case "StorageAccessWrite":
+		return multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, nil
 	case "StorageGrowth":
 		return multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth, nil
 	case "SingleDim":
@@ -91,7 +93,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
@@ -105,7 +108,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
@@ -119,7 +123,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
@@ -133,7 +138,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
@@ -147,7 +153,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
@@ -161,7 +168,8 @@ const DefaultMultiGasConstraints string = `[
 			"Computation": 1,
 			"WasmComputation": 1,
 			"HistoryGrowth": 1,
-			"StorageAccess": 1,
+			"StorageAccessRead": 1,
+			"StorageAccessWrite": 1,
 			"StorageGrowth": 1,
 			"L2Calldata": 1
 		}
diff --git a/contracts-local/src/mocks/AddressFilterTest.sol b/contracts-local/src/mocks/AddressFilterTest.sol
index af5ff7b0163..3d06ebaed59 100644
--- a/contracts-local/src/mocks/AddressFilterTest.sol
+++ b/contracts-local/src/mocks/AddressFilterTest.sol
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 interface IArbRetryableTx {
-    function redeem(bytes32 ticketId) external returns (bytes32);
+    function redeem(
+        bytes32 ticketId
+    ) external returns (bytes32);
 }
 
 /// @notice Test contract for exercising different call opcodes for address filtering tests
@@ -105,13 +107,18 @@ contract AddressFilterTest {
     event UnfilteredEvent(address some);
 
     /// @notice Forwards a call to target with arbitrary calldata
-    function forwardCall(address target, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
+    function forwardCall(
+        address target,
+        bytes calldata data
+    ) external returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
         (success, result) = target.call(data);
         require(success, "forwardCall failed");
     }
 
     /// @notice Increments dummy counter then chains into a redeem
-    function incrementDummyThenRedeem(bytes32 ticketId) external returns (bytes32) {
+    function incrementDummyThenRedeem(
+        bytes32 ticketId
+    ) external returns (bytes32) {
         dummy++;
         return IArbRetryableTx(address(0x6e)).redeem(ticketId);
     }
diff --git a/docs/decisions/0002-multi-dimensional-gas-metering.md b/docs/decisions/0002-multi-dimensional-gas-metering.md
index 685ea7e8187..28e95e0224d 100644
--- a/docs/decisions/0002-multi-dimensional-gas-metering.md
+++ b/docs/decisions/0002-multi-dimensional-gas-metering.md
@@ -17,14 +17,19 @@ A multi-dimensional gas metering approach is adopted, introducing distinct `Reso
     - Hashing
     - Bloom filter updates
 
-- ResourceKindStorageAccess. Represents read access to the global state:
-    - Account lookups (CALL, EXTCODESIZE, BALANCE)
-    - Storage slot reads
-    - Storage slot writes (nonzero → nonzero and nonzero → zero)
-    - Witness generation for reads (e.g. Verkle/stateless mode)
-    - Access list updates (EIP-2929/2930)
-    - Verkle proof traversal
-    - Target address resolution (DELEGATECALL, STATICCALL)
+- ResourceKindStorageAccessRead. Represents read access to the global state:
+    - Storage slot reads (SLOAD, SSTORE cold slot load)
+    - Account lookups (BALANCE, EXTCODESIZE, EXTCODEHASH, EXTCODECOPY)
+    - CALL/DELEGATECALL/STATICCALL cold account access and target resolution
+    - SELFDESTRUCT cold beneficiary access
+    - Access list intrinsic gas (EIP-2929/2930)
+    - Verkle/EIP-4762 witness reads and code chunk reads
+    - WASM state loads and cold access
+
+- ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite. Represents write access to the global state:
+    - SSTORE write costs (EIP-2200, EIP-1283, Verkle, WASM)
+    - SELFDESTRUCT base cost (EIP-150) and deletion
+    - Verkle/EIP-4762 witness writes and value transfers
 
 - ResourceKindStorageGrowth. Includes operations that increase the persistent state size:
     - New account creation
diff --git a/go-ethereum b/go-ethereum
index a4edc802e04..2af9c1f710c 160000
--- a/go-ethereum
+++ b/go-ethereum
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit a4edc802e0497eab31cde74e1a8f3c27ae201f2b
+Subproject commit 2af9c1f710c0d637b1cd902b4056e24853c42dc5
diff --git a/precompiles/ArbGasInfo_test.go b/precompiles/ArbGasInfo_test.go
index 49386549f87..ea2a8eff41b 100644
--- a/precompiles/ArbGasInfo_test.go
+++ b/precompiles/ArbGasInfo_test.go
@@ -150,8 +150,9 @@ func TestGetMultiGasPricingConstraintsOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	Require(t, state.L2PricingState().AddMultiGasConstraint(
 		20_000_000, 10, 100_000,
 		map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess): 3,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):   1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead):  3,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite): 5,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):        1,
 		},
 	))
 
diff --git a/precompiles/ArbInfo.go b/precompiles/ArbInfo.go
index 100913fb977..e8f4aac22b1 100644
--- a/precompiles/ArbInfo.go
+++ b/precompiles/ArbInfo.go
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ func (con ArbInfo) GetBalance(c ctx, evm mech, account addr) (huge, error) {
 
 // GetCode retrieves a contract's deployed code
 func (con ArbInfo) GetCode(c ctx, evm mech, account addr) ([]byte, error) {
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	code := evm.StateDB.GetCode(account)
 	words := arbmath.WordsForBytes(uint64(len(code)))
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, params.CopyGas*words); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead, params.CopyGas*words); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return code, nil
diff --git a/precompiles/ArbNativeTokenManager.go b/precompiles/ArbNativeTokenManager.go
index f0a165dfd28..f20af7043c0 100644
--- a/precompiles/ArbNativeTokenManager.go
+++ b/precompiles/ArbNativeTokenManager.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (con ArbNativeTokenManager) MintNativeToken(c ctx, evm mech, amount huge) e
 	if !con.hasAccess(c) {
 		return c.BurnOut()
 	}
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, mintBurnGasCost); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, mintBurnGasCost); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (con ArbNativeTokenManager) BurnNativeToken(c ctx, evm mech, amount huge) e
 	if !con.hasAccess(c) {
 		return c.BurnOut()
 	}
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, mintBurnGasCost); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, mintBurnGasCost); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
diff --git a/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx.go b/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx.go
index c9084f0bd2d..28cb115aabe 100644
--- a/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx.go
+++ b/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (con ArbRetryableTx) Redeem(c ctx, evm mech, ticketId bytes32) (bytes32, er
 		return hash{}, err
 	}
 	writeBytes := arbmath.WordsForBytes(byteCount)
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, params.SloadGas*writeBytes); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, params.SloadGas*writeBytes); err != nil {
 		return hash{}, err
 	}
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func (con ArbRetryableTx) Keepalive(c ctx, evm mech, ticketId bytes32) (huge, er
 		return nil, con.oldNotFoundError(c)
 	}
 	updateCost := arbmath.WordsForBytes(nbytes) * params.SstoreSetGas / 100
-	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, updateCost); err != nil {
+	if err := c.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, updateCost); err != nil {
 		return big.NewInt(0), err
 	}
 
diff --git a/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx_test.go b/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx_test.go
index cae65f39d64..f10494ccd36 100644
--- a/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx_test.go
+++ b/precompiles/ArbRetryableTx_test.go
@@ -198,12 +198,13 @@ func TestRetryableRedeemWithMultiGasConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 		backlog := uint64((i + 1) * 500000)
 
 		weights := map[uint8]uint64{
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):     1,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess):   2,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth):   3,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindSingleDim):       4,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindL2Calldata):      5,
-			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindWasmComputation): 6,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation):        1,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead):  2,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite): 3,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth):      4,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindSingleDim):          5,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindL2Calldata):         6,
+			uint8(multigas.ResourceKindWasmComputation):    7,
 		}
 
 		err := precompileCtx.State.L2PricingState().AddMultiGasConstraint(target, window, backlog, weights)
diff --git a/precompiles/constraints_test.go b/precompiles/constraints_test.go
index a0f17a0b31c..a52d938d192 100644
--- a/precompiles/constraints_test.go
+++ b/precompiles/constraints_test.go
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func TestEnableAndDisableMultiConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Resources: []WeightedResource{
 				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 5},
-				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 7},
+				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead), Weight: 7},
 			},
 			AdjustmentWindowSecs: 12,
 			TargetPerSec:         7_000_000,
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Resources: []WeightedResource{
 				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 1},
-				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 2},
+				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead), Weight: 2},
 			},
 			AdjustmentWindowSecs: 1,
 			TargetPerSec:         30_000_000,
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Resources: []WeightedResource{
 				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 2},
-				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 3},
+				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead), Weight: 3},
 			},
 			AdjustmentWindowSecs: 102,
 			TargetPerSec:         15_000_000,
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	resMap, err := first.GetResourceWeights()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindComputation])
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(2), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess])
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(2), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead])
 
 	// Second constraint
 	target, err = second.Target()
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	resMap, err = second.GetResourceWeights()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(2), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindComputation])
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(3), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess])
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(3), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead])
 
 	// Verify via getter precompile
 	results, err := arbGasInfo.GetMultiGasPricingConstraints(callCtx, evm)
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Resources: []WeightedResource{
 				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 5},
-				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 7},
+				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead), Weight: 7},
 			},
 			AdjustmentWindowSecs: 12,
 			TargetPerSec:         7_000_000,
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	resMap, err = first.GetResourceWeights()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(5), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindComputation])
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(7), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess])
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(7), resMap[multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead])
 
 	results, err = arbGasInfo.GetMultiGasPricingConstraints(callCtx, evm)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsStorage(t *testing.T) {
 		gotWeights[r.Resource] = r.Weight
 	}
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(5), gotWeights[uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation)])
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(7), gotWeights[uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess)])
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(7), gotWeights[uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead)])
 }
 
 func TestMultiGasConstraintsCantExceedLimit(t *testing.T) {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ func TestMultiGasConstraintsCantExceedLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			Resources: []WeightedResource{
 				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 1},
-				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 2},
+				{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite), Weight: 2},
 			},
 			AdjustmentWindowSecs: 1,
 			TargetPerSec:         30_000_000,
diff --git a/precompiles/context_test.go b/precompiles/context_test.go
index 43191a96f51..eeb5aef5b73 100644
--- a/precompiles/context_test.go
+++ b/precompiles/context_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestContextBurn(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Burn 700 storage access
-	if err := ctx.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, 700); err != nil {
+	if err := ctx.Burn(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, 700); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error from burn: %v", err)
 	}
 	if got, want := ctx.GasLeft(), uint64(300); got != want {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestContextBurn(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Check the multigas dimensions
-	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), uint64(700); got != want {
+	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite), uint64(700); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("wrong storage access: got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
 	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth), uint64(200); got != want {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func TestContextBurnMultiGas(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	gasToBurn := multigas.MultiGasFromPairs(
-		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess, Amount: 400},
+		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite, Amount: 400},
 		multigas.Pair{Kind: multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth, Amount: 200},
 	)
 	if err := ctx.BurnMultiGas(gasToBurn); err != nil {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func TestContextBurnMultiGas(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("wrong gas burned: got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
 
-	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), uint64(400); got != want {
+	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite), uint64(400); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("wrong storage access: got %v, want %v", got, want)
 	}
 	if got, want := ctx.gasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth), uint64(200); got != want {
diff --git a/system_tests/filtered_transactions_test.go b/system_tests/filtered_transactions_test.go
index 41cf4e9bcf6..63d4e34e86a 100644
--- a/system_tests/filtered_transactions_test.go
+++ b/system_tests/filtered_transactions_test.go
@@ -263,11 +263,11 @@ func TestFilteredTransactionsManagerFreeOps(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	receipt, err := builder.L2.EnsureTxSucceeded(tx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess))
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite))
 
 	tx, err = arbFilteredTxs.DeleteFilteredTransaction(&filtererTxOpts, txHash)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	receipt, err = builder.L2.EnsureTxSucceeded(tx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess))
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite))
 }
diff --git a/system_tests/multi_constraint_pricer_test.go b/system_tests/multi_constraint_pricer_test.go
index 049fa0c5b2f..36e52633fce 100644
--- a/system_tests/multi_constraint_pricer_test.go
+++ b/system_tests/multi_constraint_pricer_test.go
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func TestSetAndGetMultiGasPricingConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 		Resources: []precompilesgen.ArbMultiGasConstraintsTypesWeightedResource{
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindComputation), Weight: 3},
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth), Weight: 2},
-			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 1},
+			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessWrite), Weight: 1},
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth), Weight: 4},
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindSingleDim), Weight: 5},
 		},
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func TestSetAndGetMultiGasPricingConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 
 	constraint1 := precompilesgen.ArbMultiGasConstraintsTypesResourceConstraint{
 		Resources: []precompilesgen.ArbMultiGasConstraintsTypesWeightedResource{
-			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess), Weight: 7},
+			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead), Weight: 7},
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindSingleDim), Weight: 9},
 			{Resource: uint8(multigas.ResourceKindHistoryGrowth), Weight: 11},
 		},
diff --git a/system_tests/multigas_stylus_program_test.go b/system_tests/multigas_stylus_program_test.go
index 41d77f7fe56..ef97af9cd31 100644
--- a/system_tests/multigas_stylus_program_test.go
+++ b/system_tests/multigas_stylus_program_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestMultigasStylus_GetBytes32(t *testing.T) {
 	receipt, err := EnsureTxSucceeded(ctx, l2client, tx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	require.Equal(t, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929-params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess))
+	require.Equal(t, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929-params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead))
 	require.Equal(t, params.TxGas+params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindComputation))
 	require.Equal(t, receipt.GasUsed, receipt.MultiGasUsed.SingleGas())
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func TestMultigasStylus_AccountAccessHostIOs(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			require.Equal(t, expectedAccess,
-				receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess),
+				receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead),
 			)
 			require.Equal(t, expectedCompute,
 				receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindComputation),
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ func TestMultigasStylus_Calls(t *testing.T) {
 
 			require.Equal(t,
 				expectedStorageAccess,
-				receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess),
+				receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead),
 			)
 		})
 	}
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ func TestMultigasStylus_StorageWrite(t *testing.T) {
 
 				// Expected multigas for create slot operation
 				require.Equal(t, receipt.GasUsed, receipt.MultiGasUsed.SingleGas())
-				require.Equal(t, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccess))
+				require.Equal(t, params.ColdSloadCostEIP2929, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageAccessRead))
 				require.Equal(t, params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, receipt.MultiGasUsed.Get(multigas.ResourceKindStorageGrowth))
 			} else {
 				require.Error(t, err)