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[Bug]: OneSignal.init() hangs on subsequent page navigations in iOS Safari PWA after push subscription is registered #1452

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[Bug]: OneSignal.init() hangs on subsequent page navigations in iOS Safari PWA after push subscription is registered#1452
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sherwinski
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Bug
@sienori

Description

@sienori
sienori
opened on Apr 7, 2026

What happened?

OneSignal.init() hangs for approximately 30 minutes when navigating to a page that calls init() in an iOS Safari PWA (added to home screen), after push notification permission has been granted and a subscription has been registered.

The issue does not occur on the first visit or before push registration. It only manifests after a push subscription exists.
This issue does not occur on macOS Chrome.

What browsers are you seeing the problem on?

Safari PWA — added to home screen

What operating system are you running?

iOS 18.3.2 (iPhone) / iOS 26.3.1 (iPad)

Steps to reproduce?

  1. Add the site as a PWA (Add to Home Screen) and open Page A.
    • init() completes successfully. ("!!!! OneSignal initialized" is logged.)
  2. Tap the link to navigate to Page B.
  3. Tap the link to navigate to Page A.
    • init() completes successfully.
  4. Tap the "Register" button to subscribe to push notifications.
    • Push subscription is created; test notifications are received.
  5. Tap the link to navigate to Page B.
  6. Tap the link to navigate to Page A.
    • init() hangs for 30 minutes. ("!!!! OneSignal initialized" is not logged until 30 minutes later.)

Minimal Reproduction Code

Page A (/A):

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Test Page A</title>
  <script src="<https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/web/v16/OneSignalSDK.page.js>" defer></script>
  <script>
    console.log("!!!! OneSignal initialize");
    window.OneSignalDeferred = window.OneSignalDeferred || [];
    OneSignalDeferred.push(async function(OneSignal) {
      await OneSignal.init({
        appId: "YOUR_APP_ID"
      });
      console.log("!!!! OneSignal initialized");
    });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Test Page A</h1>
  <a href='/B'>Page B</a>
  <button onclick="requestNotificationPermission()">Register</button>
  <script>
    async function requestNotificationPermission() {
      window.OneSignalDeferred = window.OneSignalDeferred || [];
      OneSignalDeferred.push(async function(OneSignal) {
        await OneSignal.Notifications.requestPermission();
      });
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Page B (/B): A simple page with a link back to Page A.

What did you expect to happen?

OneSignal.init() should resolve every time the page is loaded, regardless of whether a push subscription already exists.

Actual Behavior

When a push subscription already exists, OneSignal.init() hangs for approximately 30 minutes on subsequent navigations. The initialization stalls after [WM] Page listening and does not proceed to internalInit() / sessionInit() / establishSWChannel.

After 30 minutes, the SDK re-triggers the initialization flow from [WM] Page listening and eventually completes successfully (see "Recovery" log below).

Relevant log output

Successful initialization (before push registration)

[Log] !!!! OneSignal initialize (ja, line 9)
[Warning] PushSubscriptionNamespace: skipping initialization. One or more required params are falsy: initialize: false, subscription: undefined (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Web SDK loaded (version 160603, Browser environment). (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Current Page URL: <https://xxxxx> (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] init() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Browser Environment: safari 18.3 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Final web app config: – {appId: "xxxxx", hasUnsupportedSubdomain: false, siteName: "xxxxx", …} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
{appId: "xxxxx", hasUnsupportedSubdomain: false, siteName: "xxxxx", origin: "<https://xxxxx>", restrictedOriginEnabled: false, …}Object
[Debug] CoreModule.init() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Warning] PushSubscriptionNamespace: skipping initialization. One or more required params are falsy: initialize: false, subscription: undefined (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getIdentityModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPropertiesModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":""}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page listening (<https://xxxxxx>) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Set pageTitle to be 'xxxxx'. (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] internalInit() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] shouldInstallWorker state: – "None" (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Page views: tab=2, total=3 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] sessionInit() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] establishSWChannel (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":""}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] isOptedOut() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] isOptedOut() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] handleAutoResubscribe – {autoResubscribe: true, isOptedOut: false} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":""}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] (Browser) » initializeInternal (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Checking sub expiration (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Log] !!!! OneSignal initialized (ja, line 15)
[Debug] Sub not expired (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] (Browser) » initialize (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)

Failed initialization (after push registration — hangs)

[Log] !!!! OneSignal initialize (ja, line 9)
[Warning] PushSubscriptionNamespace: skipping initialization. One or more required params are falsy: initialize: false, subscription: undefined (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Web SDK loaded (version 160603, Browser environment). (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Current Page URL: <https://xxxxx> (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] init() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Browser Environment: safari 18.3 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Final web app config: – {appId: "xxxxx", hasUnsupportedSubdomain: false, siteName: "xxxxx", …} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
{appId: "xxxxx", hasUnsupportedSubdomain: false, siteName: "xxxxx", origin: "<https://xxxxx>", restrictedOriginEnabled: false, …}Object
[Debug] CoreModule.init() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Warning] PushSubscriptionNamespace: skipping initialization. One or more required params are falsy: initialize: false, subscription: undefined (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getIdentityModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPropertiesModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page listening (<https://xxxxx>) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)

Recovery after ~30 minutes idle (initialization eventually resumes and completes)

[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page listening (<https://xxxxx>) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Set pageTitle to be 'XXXXX'. (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] internalInit() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] shouldInstallWorker state: – "OneSignal Worker" (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Checking SW version... (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page->SW unicast 'GetWorkerVersion' (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page->SW direct 'GetWorkerVersion' (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page received: – {command: "GetWorkerVersion", payload: "160603"} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] SW version current: 160603 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Page views: tab=4, total=5 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] sessionInit() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] establishSWChannel (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] isOptedOut() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] isOptedOut() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] handleAutoResubscribe – {autoResubscribe: true, isOptedOut: false} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] shouldInstallWorker state: – "OneSignal Worker" (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] Checking SW version... (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page->SW unicast 'GetWorkerVersion' (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page->SW direct 'GetWorkerVersion' (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] [WM] Page received: – {command: "GetWorkerVersion", payload: "160603"} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Info] SW version current: 160603 (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] SW ready, continuing subscription (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Existing push sub options present (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Subscribing with options: – {userVisibleOnly: true, applicationServerKey: ArrayBuffer} (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
{userVisibleOnly: true, applicationServerKey: ArrayBuffer}Object
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getIdentityModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] (Browser) » register (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] checkAndTriggerSubscriptionChanged() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModel() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByLastKnownToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getPushSubscriptionModelByCurrentToken() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken({"type":"Push","token":"<https://web.push.apple.com/xxxxx>"}) (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] CoreModuleDirector.getAllPushSubscriptionModels() (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] (Browser) » initializeInternal (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] Checking sub expiration (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Log] !!!! OneSignal initialized (ja, line 15)
[Debug] Sub not expired (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] setupOnFocusAndOnBlurForSession (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)
[Debug] (Browser) » initialize (OneSignalSDK.page.es6.js, line 1)

Analysis

Comparing the two logs, the key differences are:

  1. Successful init: getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken is called with an empty token (""), and the flow continues to Set pageTitle → internalInit() → sessionInit() → establishSWChannel → completion.
  2. Failed init: getSubscriptionOfTypeWithToken is called with a real Apple push token (https://web.push.apple.com/...), and the flow stalls after [WM] Page listening. It does not proceed to internalInit() for ~30 minutes.

This suggests the SDK may be waiting on a Service Worker response or some asynchronous operation related to the existing push subscription that does not resolve promptly in the iOS Safari PWA environment on subsequent navigations.

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