| title | Locations and Building Spaces |
|---|---|
| name | LocationsAndBuildingSpaces |
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An installation space is a compartment of a vehicle. It defines that environmental loads of an element installed in it. Environmental loads are:
- Temperature range that can be from -40 to 150°C.
- Vibration and shock; measured in mm/s (RMS).
- Humidity and moisture
- Chemical exposure
- Electromagnetic inference (EMI)
- Mechanical space constraints
- Dust and debris
Furthermore, each installation space has a 3-dimensional extension relative to the coordinates of the vehicle platform coordinate origin.
Hence, each installation space generally has:
The engine compartment is typically located at the front of the vehicle. It houses the engine, transmission, and various other components related to the powertrain, such as the radiator, battery, air filter, and fluid reservoirs. The engine compartment is designed to provide easy access for maintenance and repairs.
- Vibrations in the engine compartment should be minimized to ensure proper functioning of engine components and reduce excessive wear.
- Vibrations can vary depending on the engine type and operating conditions,
- but it is generally desirable to keep vibrations below 2-3 mm/s (RMS) for most components.
The passenger compartment is the interior space of the vehicle where occupants sit. It consists of various areas, including the front cabin and rear seating areas. The structure of the passenger compartment includes elements like the dashboard, steering wheel, seats, center console, infotainment system, HVAC vents, and controls.
- The maximum vibration levels are typically defined as a function of frequency and measured in terms of the Root Mean Square (RMS) acceleration.
- For low-frequency vibrations (up to 20 Hz), a maximum RMS acceleration of around 0.4-0.5 m/s² is often targeted.
- For higher-frequency vibrations (20-100 Hz), a maximum RMS acceleration of around 0.1-0.2 m/s² is often specified.
In many vehicles, there is a designated space at the rear of the vehicle for storing cargo or luggage. This area is commonly referred to as the trunk (in North America) or boot (in the UK and other regions). It is typically enclosed and separate from the passenger compartment, providing a secure storage space.
Vibrations in the trunk or boot area are typically less critical compared to other compartments, as this space is primarily used for storage. However, excessive vibrations should still be avoided to prevent potential damage to stored items. Similar to the passenger compartment, maximum RMS acceleration limits in the range of 0.1-0.2 m/s² for higher-frequency vibrations can be considered.
The underbody or chassis of a vehicle refers to the structure that supports the vehicle and connects its various components. It includes the frame or unibody construction, suspension system, exhaust system, fuel tank, and other components that are typically mounted underneath the vehicle.
- Vibrations in the underbody or chassis can be transferred from the road surface and affect ride comfort and component durability.
- The maximum allowable vibrations in the underbody can depend on factors such as road conditions, vehicle speed, and suspension system design.
- General guidelines aim to limit RMS acceleration levels to around 0.2-0.3 m/s² for frequencies up to 100 Hz.
The doors of a vehicle provide entry and exit points for passengers. They are equipped with mechanisms for opening and closing, as well as locks for security. Depending on the vehicle type, doors may also incorporate power windows, mirrors, and other features.
Vibrations in the doors compartment of a vehicle can arise from various sources, including road conditions, vehicle dynamics, and wind turbulence. The magnitude of vibrations in this compartment can depend on factors such as vehicle design, door construction, sealing, and suspension system. Here are some typical vibrations observed in the doors compartment:
Road-induced Vibrations: Vibrations transmitted through the vehicle's suspension system due to uneven road surfaces, bumps, potholes, or rough terrains. Magnitude: Typically, these vibrations range from low to moderate frequencies with RMS acceleration values in the range of 0.1-0.3 m/s². Engine and Powertrain Vibrations:
Powertrain-induced Vibrations: Vibrations generated by the engine and powertrain system, especially during idling or under acceleration. These vibrations can be transmitted through the vehicle structure and affect the doors compartment. Magnitude: Engine and powertrain vibrations can range from low to moderate frequencies with RMS acceleration values in the range of 0.1-0.4 m/s². Wind-induced Vibrations:
Wind-induced Vibrations: Vibrations caused by wind turbulence while driving at higher speeds. Factors such as vehicle shape, aerodynamics, and mirror design can influence wind-induced vibrations in the doors compartment. Magnitude: Wind-induced vibrations are typically higher in frequency, and their RMS acceleration values can range from 0.05-0.2 m/s².
Structural Resonances: Vibrations that occur when the natural frequencies of the door structure align with the excitation frequencies from road inputs or engine vibrations. These resonances can result in amplified vibrations in specific frequency ranges. Magnitude: The magnitude of vibrations at structural resonances can vary significantly depending on the specific resonance frequency and damping characteristics of the door structure. To ensure occupant comfort and durability, vehicle manufacturers typically aim to minimize excessive vibrations in the doors compartment. This is achieved through proper design, insulation, sealing, and the use of vibration-damping materials. Designers and engineers conduct extensive testing, including modal analysis, finite element analysis, and real-world evaluations, to optimize the door structure and minimize vibrations to acceptable levels.
The roof of a vehicle provides overhead protection and is an area where additional features can be installed. For example, it may have mounting points for roof racks, antennas, or sunroofs.
The wheel wells are the openings in the body of the vehicle that accommodate the wheels. They provide clearance for wheel movement and are designed to prevent debris from entering the passenger compartment or other critical areas.
private import ISQ::*;
private import ScalarValues::*;
private import Quantities::*;
part def InstallationSpace {
attribute positionOfSpace: CartesianPosition3dVector {:>> range = "-1.5..6.0, -1.25..1.25, -0.5..4.0";}
// Environmental conditions
attribute temperatureRange: ThermodynamicTemperatureValue {:>> unit ="°C"; :>> range="-40 .. 150";}
attribute vibrations: SpeedValue {:>> unit ="mm/s"; :>> range="0 .. 100";}
attribute humidity: MassDensityValue {:>> unit ="kg/m^3"; :>> range="0..100000";}
attribute EMI: ElectricPotentialDifferenceValue {:>> unit ="mV"; :>> range="0..100";}
}
part def Location {
part space : InstallationSpace;
attribute relativePosition : CartesianPosition3dVector {:>> range= "0.0..4.0, -1.25..1.25, -0.5..4.0";}
attribute position: CartesianPosition3dVector = space::positionOfSpace + relativePosition;
}
// The three zones
part def FrontSpace :> InstallationSpace{
attribute positionOfSpace: CartesianPosition3dVector = (-0.9, 0.0, 0.2) [m];
}
part def CabinSpace :> InstallationSpace{
attribute positionOfSpace: CartesianPosition3dVector = (0.0, 0.0, 0.2) [m];
}
part def RearSpace :> InstallationSpace{
attribute positionOfSpace: CartesianPosition3dVector = (2.0, 0.0, 0.5) [m];
}
part topViewLeftLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.4, -1.0, 0.3) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part topViewRightLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.4, 1.0, 0.3) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part topViewFrontLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part topViewRearLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (2.0, 0.0, 0.0) m;
part space : RearSpace;
}
part frontCameraLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.5, 0.0, 0.8) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part roofCameraLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.5, 0.0, 0.8) m;
attribute hasInteralDataProcessing: Boolean = true;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part lidarLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.3, 0.0) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part longRangeRadarLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.6, 0.0) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part midRangeRadarLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, -0.6, 0.0) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part ultrasonicsensorFrontLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, -0.3, 0.0) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part ultrasonicsensorRearLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.3, 0.0) m;
part space : RearSpace;
}
part centralControllerLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.0, -0.2) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part gatewayLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.0, -0.2) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part cameraControllerLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.5, -0.2) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part ultrasonicControllerLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, -0.5, -0.2) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part radarAndLidarControllerLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.3, -0.2) m;
part space : CabinSpace;
}
part zonalControllerFrontLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.5, 0.0, -0.2) m;
part space : FrontSpace;
}
part zonalControllerRearLoc: Location {
:>> relativePosition = (0.8, 0.0, -0.2) m;
part space : RearSpace;
}
part frontAxle: Location {
part space : FrontSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.2, 0.0, -0.2) m;
}
part rearAxle: Location {
part space : RearSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.0, -0.2) m;
}
part vehicleCenter: Location {
part space : CabinSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) m;
}
part wheelFrontLeft: Location {
part space : FrontSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.2, -0.9, -0.2) m;
}
part wheelFrontRight: Location {
part space : FrontSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.2, 0.9, -0.2) m;
}
part bumperFront: Location {
part space : FrontSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (0.0, 0.0, 0.2) m;
}
part bumperRear: Location {
part space : RearSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.0, 0.2) m;
}
part roofCenter: Location {
part space : CabinSpace;
:>> relativePosition = (1.0, 0.0, 0.8) m;
}