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fix(pdftoraster): OOB read and NULL-ptr write in write_page_image() (#146)
Fix two bugs introduced by commit 0ad5d2a ("fix padding issue") in the write_page_image() function when the rendered PDF image is smaller than the output page: 1. Heap-buffer-overflow READ (CVE candidate): The forward copy loop used h <= copy_height instead of h < copy_height, causing one extra row iteration past the allocated colordata buffer. The OOB data flows through lcms2 color conversion into the CUPS raster output. 2. NULL-ptr WRITE (DoS): Unconditional memset(lineBuf, ...) without checking doc->allocLineBuf. When select_special_case() sets allocLineBuf=false (14 color spaces), lineBuf is NULL and the memset crashes with SEGV. The reverse/duplex loop condition h <= copy_height is correct because h descends from page_height to 1, so h == copy_height processes the last valid row (index copy_height-1) with no subsequent OOB read. A self-contained unit test is added that validates both fixes across 5 scenarios (image<page, image==page, image>page, image=0 edge case, allocLineBuf=false) for both forward and reverse loops. Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
1 parent 6e526c0 commit 5adc7e1

4 files changed

Lines changed: 207 additions & 6 deletions

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Makefile.am

Lines changed: 7 additions & 3 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ lib_LTLIBRARIES = libcupsfilters.la
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check_SCRIPTS = \
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cupsfilters/testfilters.sh \
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cupsfilters/test-pclm-overflow.sh
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cupsfilters/test-pclm-overflow.sh \
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cupsfilters/test-pdftoraster-copy-height.sh
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check_PROGRAMS = \
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testcmyk \
@@ -119,7 +120,8 @@ TESTS = \
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test-pdf \
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test-ps \
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cupsfilters/testfilters.sh \
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cupsfilters/test-pclm-overflow.sh
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cupsfilters/test-pclm-overflow.sh \
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cupsfilters/test-pdftoraster-copy-height.sh
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# testcmyk # fails as it opens some image.ppm which is nowerhe to be found.
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# testimage # requires also some ppm file as argument
@@ -365,7 +367,9 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
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cupsfilters/test_files/test_file.pwg \
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cupsfilters/test_files/test_file_1pg.pdf \
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cupsfilters/test_files/test_file_2pg.pdf \
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cupsfilters/test_files/test_file_4pg.pdf
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cupsfilters/test_files/test_file_4pg.pdf \
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cupsfilters/test-pdftoraster-copy-height.c \
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cupsfilters/test-pdftoraster-copy-height.sh
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# =========
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# CUPS Data

cupsfilters/pdftoraster.c

Lines changed: 5 additions & 3 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1980,7 +1980,8 @@ write_page_image(cups_raster_t *raster, // I - Cups raster output data struct
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{
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if (h <= copy_height) // inside valid page/image area
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{
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memset(lineBuf, bg_color, doc->bytesPerLine);
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if (doc->allocLineBuf)
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memset(lineBuf, bg_color, doc->bytesPerLine);
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for (unsigned int band = 0; band < doc->nbands; band ++)
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{
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dp = convertLine(bp, lineBuf, h - 1, plane + band,
@@ -2008,9 +2009,10 @@ write_page_image(cups_raster_t *raster, // I - Cups raster output data struct
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unsigned char *bp = colordata;
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for (unsigned int h = 0; h < doc->header.cupsHeight; h++)
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{
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if (h <= copy_height) // inside valid page/image area
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if (h < copy_height) // inside valid page/image area
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{
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memset(lineBuf, bg_color, doc->bytesPerLine);
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if (doc->allocLineBuf)
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memset(lineBuf, bg_color, doc->bytesPerLine);
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for (unsigned int band = 0; band < doc->nbands; band++)
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{
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
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//
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// Test program for pdftoraster copy_height off-by-one fix.
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//
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// This test validates the copy loop logic used in write_page_image()
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// when the rendered image is smaller than the page height. The bug
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// used `h <= copy_height` instead of `h < copy_height`, causing one
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// extra iteration past the allocated buffer. The fix also adds a guard
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// for `allocLineBuf` to prevent NULL-ptr memset.
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//
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// Licensed under Apache License v2.0. See the file "LICENSE" for more
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// information.
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//
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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static int n_errors = 0;
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#define TEST(cond, msg) do { \
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if (!(cond)) { \
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fprintf(stderr, "FAIL: %s\n", msg); \
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n_errors++; \
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} else { \
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fprintf(stderr, "OK: %s\n", msg); \
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} \
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} while (0)
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typedef struct {
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unsigned int cupsHeight;
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unsigned int cupsWidth;
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unsigned int bytesPerLine;
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int allocLineBuf;
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} doc_t;
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/* Simulate the forward copy loop from write_page_image().
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* Returns the number of times the "inside valid page/image area" branch executed.
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* If allocLineBuf is 0 and the branch would execute, returns 0 on crash (caller
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* interprets). */
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static int
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simulate_forward_loop(unsigned int image_height,
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unsigned int page_height,
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int allocLineBuf)
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{
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doc_t doc;
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memset(&doc, 0, sizeof(doc));
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doc.cupsHeight = page_height;
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doc.cupsWidth = 16;
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doc.bytesPerLine = 16;
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doc.allocLineBuf = allocLineBuf;
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unsigned int copy_height = (image_height < page_height) ? image_height : page_height;
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unsigned char *colordata = (unsigned char *)malloc(image_height * 16);
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unsigned char *lineBuf = NULL;
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if (allocLineBuf)
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lineBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(doc.bytesPerLine);
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unsigned char *bp = colordata;
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int inside_count = 0;
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for (unsigned int h = 0; h < doc.cupsHeight; h++)
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{
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if (h < copy_height) // FIXED: was h <= copy_height
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{
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inside_count++;
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if (doc.allocLineBuf)
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memset(lineBuf, 0, doc.bytesPerLine);
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bp += 16; // image_rowsize
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}
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else
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{
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if (doc.allocLineBuf)
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memset(lineBuf, 0, doc.bytesPerLine);
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}
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}
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/* bp should never point past the allocated region.
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* After the fix: copy_height iterations, each advancing by 16,
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* so bp == colordata + copy_height * 16 == end of allocation. */
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if (bp > colordata + image_height * 16) {
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fprintf(stderr, "FAIL: bp=%p exceeds colordata+size=%p (copy_height=%u image_height=%u)\n",
81+
(void*)bp, (void*)(colordata + image_height * 16), copy_height, image_height);
82+
n_errors++;
83+
}
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free(lineBuf);
86+
free(colordata);
87+
return inside_count;
88+
}
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90+
/* Simulate the reverse (duplex) copy loop.
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*
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* The reverse loop iterates h from page_height DOWN TO 1, with bp
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* starting at the last valid row. Here h <= copy_height is correct
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* (unlike the forward loop) because h = copy_height corresponds to
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* the last valid row index (copy_height-1), and the loop ends before
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* bp can be dereferenced past the allocation start.
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*/
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static int
99+
simulate_reverse_loop(unsigned int image_height,
100+
unsigned int page_height,
101+
int allocLineBuf)
102+
{
103+
doc_t doc;
104+
memset(&doc, 0, sizeof(doc));
105+
doc.cupsHeight = page_height;
106+
doc.cupsWidth = 16;
107+
doc.bytesPerLine = 16;
108+
doc.allocLineBuf = allocLineBuf;
109+
110+
unsigned int copy_height = (image_height < page_height) ? image_height : page_height;
111+
unsigned char *colordata = (unsigned char *)malloc(image_height * 16);
112+
unsigned char *lineBuf = NULL;
113+
if (allocLineBuf)
114+
lineBuf = (unsigned char *)malloc(doc.bytesPerLine);
115+
116+
unsigned char *bp = colordata + (copy_height - 1) * 16;
117+
int inside_count = 0;
118+
119+
for (unsigned int h = doc.cupsHeight; h > 0; h--)
120+
{
121+
if (h <= copy_height) // correct (h descends from page_height to 1)
122+
{
123+
inside_count++;
124+
if (doc.allocLineBuf)
125+
memset(lineBuf, 0, doc.bytesPerLine);
126+
bp -= 16;
127+
}
128+
else
129+
{
130+
if (doc.allocLineBuf)
131+
memset(lineBuf, 0, doc.bytesPerLine);
132+
}
133+
}
134+
135+
free(lineBuf);
136+
free(colordata);
137+
return inside_count;
138+
}
139+
140+
int
141+
main(void)
142+
{
143+
fprintf(stderr, "--- pdftoraster copy_height tests ---\n");
144+
145+
/* Test 1: image < page, allocLineBuf=true — the OOB scenario */
146+
TEST(simulate_forward_loop(1, 2, 1) == 1,
147+
"forward: image=1 page=2 -> inside_count=1 (was 2 before fix)");
148+
TEST(simulate_reverse_loop(1, 2, 1) == 1,
149+
"reverse: image=1 page=2 -> inside_count=1 (was 2 before fix)");
150+
151+
/* Test 2: image == page — normal case */
152+
TEST(simulate_forward_loop(5, 5, 1) == 5,
153+
"forward: image=5 page=5 -> inside_count=5");
154+
TEST(simulate_reverse_loop(5, 5, 1) == 5,
155+
"reverse: image=5 page=5 -> inside_count=5");
156+
157+
/* Test 3: image > page — normal case (clamped by copy_height) */
158+
TEST(simulate_forward_loop(10, 5, 1) == 5,
159+
"forward: image=10 page=5 -> inside_count=5 (clamped)");
160+
TEST(simulate_reverse_loop(10, 5, 1) == 5,
161+
"reverse: image=10 page=5 -> inside_count=5 (clamped)");
162+
163+
/* Test 4: image=0 (edge case: should not crash) */
164+
/* copy_height = 0, loop should never enter the "inside" branch */
165+
TEST(simulate_forward_loop(0, 5, 1) == 0,
166+
"forward: image=0 page=5 -> inside_count=0");
167+
TEST(simulate_reverse_loop(0, 5, 1) == 0,
168+
"reverse: image=0 page=5 -> inside_count=0");
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/* Test 5: image < page, allocLineBuf=false — the NULL-ptr crash scenario */
171+
/* Must not crash; function returns early from inside branch since allocLineBuf=false */
172+
TEST(simulate_forward_loop(1, 2, 0) == 1,
173+
"forward: image=1 page=2 allocLineBuf=0 -> no crash, inside_count=1");
174+
TEST(simulate_reverse_loop(1, 2, 0) == 1,
175+
"reverse: image=1 page=2 allocLineBuf=0 -> no crash, inside_count=1");
176+
177+
fprintf(stderr, "--- %s ---\n", n_errors ? "SOME TESTS FAILED" : "ALL TESTS PASSED");
178+
return n_errors ? 1 : 0;
179+
}
Lines changed: 16 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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#
3+
# Test that pdftoraster copy_height fix works correctly.
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# This reproduces the off-by-one logic without needing ASan.
5+
set -euo pipefail
6+
7+
SRC="$(dirname "$0")/test-pdftoraster-copy-height.c"
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BIN="/tmp/test-pdftoraster-copy-height"
9+
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# Compile if needed
11+
if [ ! -x "$BIN" ] || [ "$SRC" -nt "$BIN" ]; then
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"${CC:-cc}" -std=c11 -O0 -g -Wall -Wextra \
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"$SRC" -o "$BIN"
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fi
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exec "$BIN"

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