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Middleware is software that runs between the incoming request and the final route handler.

It can:

Authenticate users
Validate input
Log requests
Handle errors
Enable CORS
Parse JSON
Express Example
app.use(express.json());

app.use(authMiddleware);

app.get("/users", controller);
Request Flow
Client

Middleware

Authentication

Validation

Route Handler

Response
Benefits
Reusable code
Cleaner controllers
Easier maintenance

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Answer selected by janedoe2026
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