Feat/meas leaked (#168)

* Add leaked measurement to the general noise model

Author: ciaranra

crates/pecos-core/src/gate_type.rs

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ pub enum GateType {
     // MZ = 104
     Measure = 104,
     // MnZ = 105
+    MeasureLeaked = 105,
     // TODO: MPauli instead of the other variants?
 
     // PX = 130
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ impl From<u8> for GateType {
             58 => GateType::SZZdg,
             82 => GateType::RZZ,
             104 => GateType::Measure,
+            105 => GateType::MeasureLeaked,
             134 => GateType::Prep,
             200 => GateType::Idle,
             _ => panic!("Invalid gate type ID: {value}"),
@@ -134,6 +136,7 @@ impl GateType {
             | GateType::SZZ
             | GateType::SZZdg
             | GateType::Measure
+            | GateType::MeasureLeaked
             | GateType::Prep => 0,
 
             // Gates with one parameter
@@ -170,6 +173,7 @@ impl GateType {
             | GateType::R1XY
             | GateType::U
             | GateType::Measure
+            | GateType::MeasureLeaked
             | GateType::Prep
             | GateType::Idle => 1,
 
@@ -217,6 +221,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for GateType {
             GateType::SZZdg => write!(f, "SZZdg"),
             GateType::RZZ => write!(f, "RZZ"),
             GateType::Measure => write!(f, "Measure"),
+            GateType::MeasureLeaked => write!(f, "MeasureLeaked"),
             GateType::Prep => write!(f, "Prep"),
             GateType::Idle => write!(f, "Idle"),
         }
@@ -239,6 +244,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(GateType::RZ as u8, 32);
         assert_eq!(GateType::R1XY as u8, 36);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Measure as u8, 104);
+        assert_eq!(GateType::MeasureLeaked as u8, 105);
 
         assert_eq!(GateType::from(0u8), GateType::I);
         assert_eq!(GateType::from(1u8), GateType::X);
@@ -250,6 +256,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(GateType::from(32u8), GateType::RZ);
         assert_eq!(GateType::from(36u8), GateType::R1XY);
         assert_eq!(GateType::from(104u8), GateType::Measure);
+        assert_eq!(GateType::from(105u8), GateType::MeasureLeaked);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -264,6 +271,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(GateType::SZZ.classical_arity(), 0);
         assert_eq!(GateType::SZZdg.classical_arity(), 0);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Measure.classical_arity(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(GateType::MeasureLeaked.classical_arity(), 0);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Prep.classical_arity(), 0);
 
         // Gates with one parameter
@@ -290,6 +298,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(GateType::R1XY.quantum_arity(), 1);
         assert_eq!(GateType::U.quantum_arity(), 1);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Measure.quantum_arity(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(GateType::MeasureLeaked.quantum_arity(), 1);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Prep.quantum_arity(), 1);
         assert_eq!(GateType::Idle.quantum_arity(), 1);
 
@@ -312,6 +321,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!GateType::SZZ.is_parameterized());
         assert!(!GateType::SZZdg.is_parameterized());
         assert!(!GateType::Measure.is_parameterized());
+        assert!(!GateType::MeasureLeaked.is_parameterized());
         assert!(!GateType::Prep.is_parameterized());
 
         // Parameterized gates
@@ -334,6 +344,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(GateType::R1XY.is_single_qubit());
         assert!(GateType::U.is_single_qubit());
         assert!(GateType::Measure.is_single_qubit());
+        assert!(GateType::MeasureLeaked.is_single_qubit());
         assert!(GateType::Prep.is_single_qubit());
         assert!(GateType::Idle.is_single_qubit());
 
@@ -356,6 +367,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!GateType::R1XY.is_two_qubit());
         assert!(!GateType::U.is_two_qubit());
         assert!(!GateType::Measure.is_two_qubit());
+        assert!(!GateType::MeasureLeaked.is_two_qubit());
         assert!(!GateType::Prep.is_two_qubit());
         assert!(!GateType::Idle.is_two_qubit());
 

crates/pecos-core/src/gates.rs

@@ -250,6 +250,16 @@ impl Gate {
         )
     }
 
+    /// Create `MeasureLeaked` gate on multiple qubits
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn measure_leaked(qubits: &[impl Into<QubitId> + Copy]) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            GateType::MeasureLeaked,
+            vec![],
+            qubits.iter().map(|&q| q.into()).collect(),
+        )
+    }
+
     /// Create Prep gate on multiple qubits
     #[must_use]
     pub fn prep(qubits: &[impl Into<QubitId> + Copy]) -> Self {

crates/pecos-engines/src/byte_message/builder.rs

@@ -449,6 +449,24 @@ impl ByteMessageBuilder {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Add measure leakage operations for multiple qubits
+    ///
+    /// This behaves like `add_measurements()` but is intended for measuring qubits
+    /// that may be in a leaked state. In the future, this will output 0, 1, or 2
+    /// (where 2 indicates the qubit is leaked).
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if any qubit ID is too large to fit in a u32.
+    pub fn add_measure_leakages(&mut self, qubit_ids: &[usize]) -> &mut Self {
+        for &qubit in qubit_ids {
+            // Add a measure_leaked as a regular gate command
+            let gate = Gate::measure_leaked(&[qubit]);
+            self.add_gate_command(&gate);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Add a Prep gate
     pub fn add_prep(&mut self, qubits: &[usize]) -> &mut Self {
         let gate = Gate::prep(qubits);
@@ -732,6 +750,30 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_add_measure_leakages() {
+        // Create a builder
+        let mut builder = ByteMessageBuilder::new();
+        let _ = builder.for_quantum_operations();
+
+        // Add measure_leakages for multiple qubits
+        let qubits = vec![0, 1, 2];
+        builder.add_measure_leakages(&qubits);
+
+        // Build the message
+        let message = builder.build();
+
+        // Parse the message
+        let commands = message.quantum_ops().unwrap();
+
+        // Verify the commands
+        assert_eq!(commands.len(), 3);
+        for i in 0..3 {
+            assert_eq!(commands[i].gate_type, GateType::MeasureLeaked);
+            assert_eq!(commands[i].qubits, vec![QubitId(qubits[i])]);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_batch_structure() {
         // Create a builder

crates/pecos-engines/src/noise/biased_depolarizing.rs

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl BiasedDepolarizingNoiseModel {
                     trace!("Applying two-qubit gate with possible fault");
                     self.apply_tq_faults(&mut builder, gate);
                 }
-                GateType::Measure => {
+                GateType::Measure | GateType::MeasureLeaked => {
                     trace!("Applying measurement. Will apply bias after engine returns results.");
                     // we apply biased measurement after the engine
                     // returns the results, rather than before measurement

crates/pecos-engines/src/noise/depolarizing.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl DepolarizingNoiseModel {
                 GateType::RZ => {
                     NoiseUtils::add_gate_to_builder(&mut builder, gate);
                 }
-                GateType::Measure => {
+                GateType::Measure | GateType::MeasureLeaked => {
                     trace!("Applying measurement with possible fault");
                     self.apply_meas_faults(&mut builder, gate);
                     NoiseUtils::add_gate_to_builder(&mut builder, gate);